Specifically, how to analyze modal tonality, and what are the simple and practical methods? How to tell what the major and minor tones are (melody and harmony are natural)

You have too many questions. How can you answer them clearly? If you really want to master it, you should start from the following aspects:

1. Understand and memorize the scale characteristics of nature, harmony and melody in major and minor tones

2. The biggest difference between China and the West is the scale structure and style. If you want to know what style a song is, you must solfeggio, and you can generally distinguish it through careful solfeggio. Solfeggio is the application of the first tune

3. When analyzing the mode, we must first understand key signature. Then comb the temporary lifting number. In general, there are two phenomena of temporary ascending and descending signs. One is that it should be understood as key signature, and the other is that these temporary signs should be regarded as the characteristic levels of harmony and melody scales. Finally, solfeggio is tested according to key signature's analysis.

4. Generally, the melody of mode analysis should end stably in the tonic of mode.

5. If we analyze the national mode, the premise is that we must understand what is the same palace system mode.

do you understand that? If you don't understand it, the premise of understanding is not enough. You should understand the basic knowledge and concepts.

I hope it helps you.