Who did Zhu Yuanzhang kill? How did you kill him?

Which heroes did Zhu Yuanzhang kill wrong?

Zhu Yuanzhang has always been one of the most controversial historical figures in ancient China, because of his great and brilliant achievements and his notorious slaughter of the founding heroes.

First, history wronged Zhu Yuanzhang?

1, has Zhu Yuanzhang been wronged?

It should be said that Zhu Yuanzhang is, of course, a talented person and a dragon among people, but no matter how great his skill is, he can never create such great achievements on his own; It should also be said that the cause of the Ming Dynasty, like many other causes, was never created by one person, but by Zhu Yuanzhang, his civil servant and military commander, and his right-hand man Qi Xin.

In this way, if Zhu Yuanzhang really slaughtered heroes after his success, as written in the book-since the compilation of Ming History, most people think that only a few of Zhu Yuanzhang's founding ministers, such as Tang He, Mu Ying and Geng Bingwen, did not die in Zhu Yuanzhang's slaughter-then Zhu Yuanzhang's criticism, reprimand and even criticism from future generations for hundreds of years will not be wronged at all.

Does Zhu Yuanzhang really regard heroes as dirt? I don't think so-I always feel that the real Zhu Yuanzhang may not be such a heartless person. If we analyze it carefully, it is not difficult to find that Zhu Yuanzhang is actually a grateful person. Despite his so-called massacre, it does not rule out the possibility of some unjust, false and wrong cases.

Zhu Yuanzhang is a grateful person.

In my opinion, Zhu Yuanzhang is obviously a grateful person. Why do you say that? Let me give you a few examples here.

It should be said that Ma Huanghou was a key figure in Zhu Yuanzhang's success. So, how did Zhu Yuanzhang treat her after winning the world? Do you throw it away after you use it? Still love and respect as always? The fact is very clear, when the emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, like all emperors, can have as many beauties as he wants in the harem, but he did not wantonly * * * * * *, but concentrated on state affairs and was more temperate. Among the flowers, Zhu Yuanzhang has always regarded the virtuous Ma Xiuying as the queen. The queen not only never gave up, but also respected him all her life and even obeyed her orders. This shows that Zhu Yuanzhang is really a man of "faith" and "a friend in need is a friend indeed".

Tang He, Zhu Yuanzhang's playmate when he was young, not only has outstanding military achievements like the founding heroes, but also has unparalleled contributions from others. In those days, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Scarf Army in Guo Zixing because he invited Tang He to write.

In this way, Tanghe can be described as an introducer for Zhu Yuanzhang to join the "revolutionary organization". Then, in the so-called bloodshed after the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Tanghe played a key role in Zhu Yuanzhang's life. What is his fate? Tang lived for more than 30 years and made great military achievements. He was also named Zhongshan Gong, a national believer, which can be described as a high status. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang killed countless founding heroes, but Tang He, a key "revolutionary guide", is safe after all (Tang He himself did a good job, and with the rise of his status and power, he chose to return to the field in time and became more respectful and cautious), which also illustrates Zhu Yuanzhang's mind.

Needless to say, Guo Zixing was undoubtedly the first nobleman of Zhu Yuanzhang. After Zhu Yuanzhang joined the peasant army in Guo Zixing, it was because of his appreciation that he was promoted step by step. Guo also married his adopted daughter to Zhu Yuanzhang and took Zhu as his right-hand man. Although Guo Zixing had doubts about Zhu Yuanzhang because of misinformation, Zhu Yuanzhang did not bite the hand that feeds him. On the contrary, he tried his best to get involved in his own danger and saved Guo Zixing. After Guo Zixing's death, Zhu Yuanzhang did not seize power with Guo's son, but fought with him. Zhu Yuanzhang, who can only be taller, has mastered the backbone troops-the troops are basically based on more than 700 people recruited by Zhu Yuanzhang when he was in trouble in Guo Zixing, and gradually developed and expanded through surrender and expansion. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang did not forget to make Guo Zixing King of Chu Yang.

As can be seen from the above examples, the essence of Zhu Yuanzhang's inner character can stand scrutiny, and he is by no means the kind of person with a mean heart. Only at this level, there are enough reasons to urge us to study whether Zhu Yuanzhang is a tyrant who regards heroes as dirt.

3. Is it Zhu Yuanzhang or his hero?

Zhu Yuanzhang, who came from the lowest social stratum, had been wandering like a beggar for three years in order to avoid famine when he was young (that is, he was thoroughly honed and hit by the suffering of three rounds of cold winter and heat). Soon after, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Scarf Army as a monk. After experiencing the violent baptism of 17 years of brutal war career, he miraculously achieved the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, who created a new era, and was one of the most legendary emperors in China history.

At the age of 24, he joined the peasant army with his bare hands. Climb up Dabao at the age of 40 and enjoy the whole world. The whole process of getting rich only took Zhu Yuanzhang 17 years. 1398, Zhu Yuanzhang died at the age of 7 1 year, counting by his fingers, and he has been emperor for 3 1 year. Among the founding emperors who unified Kyushu in past dynasties, Zhu Yuanzhang was the longest reigning emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang's longevity (7 1 year-old, of course, is longevity in ancient times) should be attributed to his physical health (perhaps honed while wandering). Zhu Yuanzhang's longevity enabled this outstanding ancient strategist to devote his long life to the great cause of governing the country, thus becoming an emperor with outstanding achievements.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, demons danced wildly and competed with each other, and the situation in troubled times was so complicated. However, Zhu Yuanzhang was able to come from behind in this huge chaos, defeating all monsters and harvesting all crops and fruits. In any case, he is really a rare genius. And his contributions in cleaning up the war, developing traditional culture, restoring the status of the Han nationality and many other aspects have made this outstanding literary emperor's martial arts glow with "great" light.

But unfortunately, a voice said: Zhu Yuanzhang is too cruel! I cann't believe I slaughtered so many heroes How can such a person deserve the word "great"! ? Moreover, this kind of voice became stronger and stronger after the Ming Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang's reputation became worse and worse.

Then, we might as well know, who are the heroes who fought side by side with Zhu Yuanzhang and cultivated the world together? Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, Liu Bowen, Li Shanchang, Deng Yu, Zhu Wenzheng, Tanghe, Zhu Liangzu, Hu Dahai, Zhou Dexing, Fu Youde, Feng, Mu Ying and Aquamarine ... can be said to be full of talents and brilliant!

The names of many civilian military commanders cannot be listed here, but it is these people who made the greatest contribution to the Ming Dynasty. Although these founding heroes of the Ming Dynasty only assisted Zhu Yuanzhang, the green leaf of the big red flower, this did not prevent their fame from shining in history!

Unfortunately, most of these founding heroes had bad endings, and many of them were killed by Zhu Yuanzhang. Even great heroes like Xu Da and Liu Bowen are said to have been killed by Zhu Yuanzhang. Although Zhu Yuanzhang's murder is doubtful, people who have been secretly brainwashed tend to think so. They are too lazy to question, so they are willing to accept the conclusion of the Qing court in its entirety.

Is that really the case? I do not think this is necessarily the case. Due to many problems in compiling the history of Ming Dynasty in Qing Dynasty, historical novels such as "The Light Cavalry Joined with Daming" have also been tampered with, and the so-called story of "Burning the Building to Celebrate Success" is probably fabricated by Manchu.

Who doesn't hate tyrants? Who doesn't hate the monarch who kills heroes? Manchu is too aware of this. In order to make all the Han people in the world forget and even hate the Ming Dynasty, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was determined to turn Zhu Yuanzhang, a rare cow, into a rare tyrant. Obviously, it is not difficult to achieve this goal. The rulers of the Qing court only need to increase the number of people killed by Zhu Yuanzhang, drag the deaths of some corrupt officials into the heroes who died without fault, and instruct people to fabricate some so-called folklore.

As a result, most of the Qing court hearers who were blinded by Zhu Yuanzhang's cruel propaganda sincerely abandoned Ming and served Qing. It seems that the goal of the Manchu rulers has almost been achieved. Of course, not everyone can be fooled. Otherwise, how can the anti-Qing struggle run through the Qing Dynasty for a long time and never stop?

On the other hand, Zhu Yuanzhang, a stern and great emperor who paid the most attention to people's livelihood and hated corrupt officials in the history of China, is likely to become a cruel victim and victim of this conspiracy, and even be rewritten as the most cruel emperor in the history of China. I think this possibility exists completely.

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Second, the death of the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty

Is Zhu Yuanzhang cruel or not? Is the death of the main founding heroes in the early Ming Dynasty unfair? In order to answer this question, it seems necessary for us to do some exploration and even make some corresponding reasoning and judgment at the factual level.

4. Did you get sick or eat steamed goose?

Let's start with Xu's death. Legend has it that Xu Da suffered from gangrene in his later years, and Zhu Yuanzhang steamed geese for him. Xu Da ate it and died a few days later. I don't think it's credible that Xu died like this. First of all, this is a legend of unofficial history, which is not credible. Secondly, will people with gangrene die if they eat steamed geese? I don't know Chinese medicine, but why can't I ask a master of Chinese medicine to answer this question? I believe that our Chinese medicine practitioners will use science to deny this statement. Thirdly, another story about Xu's death-Xu Da died in Nanjing on 1384, at the age of 54. According to historical records, when Xu Da died, Zhu Yuanzhang was heartbroken and went to the DPRK to pay homage, expressing deep condolences. He listed Xu Da as the first hero among the founding generals and called it the "Great Wall of Wan Li". I don't know why, perhaps because of Xu Da's sincerity and modesty, perhaps because Zhu Yuanzhang's basic character is trustworthy. I always thought that the latter statement should be more credible, and Zhu Yuanzhang would not be so confused if he moved the country.

5. Was Liu Bowen killed by Hu?

As for Liu Bowen's death, historical records show that after Liu Bowen was seriously ill, Hu sent doctors to treat him and died. People usually suspect that Liu Bowen actually died at the hands of Zhu Yuanzhang. But I didn't expect him to die in Hu's plot-then Prime Minister Hu was jealous of Liu Bowen, so he ordered Zhu Yuanzhang to slander Liu Bowen. Zhu Yuanzhang was naturally angry and took the title of Liu Bowen. Under the suppression of Hu's forces, Liu Bowen, depressed, finally fell ill. Later, Hu sent a doctor to see him, and then Liu Bowen died. The year is 1375.

In my opinion, even if Zhu Yuanzhang really wanted to kill heroes to consolidate his imperial power in the future, he never wanted to kill Liu Bowen at that time. At that time, just seven years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was in good health, didn't have to kill the hero so early. Secondly, Liu Bowen, a senior strategist 17 years older than Zhu Yuanzhang, is far less powerful in the DPRK than Huaixi Group, and poses no threat to Zhu Yuanzhang. Thirdly, I think Zhu Yuanzhang is just trying to balance the power between the Huaixi Group headed by Li Shanchang and Hu and the group headed by Liu Bowen.

After Zhu Yuanzhang abdicated in Li Shanchang, he invited Liu Bowen to be prime minister, but Liu Bowen repeatedly declined-perhaps because he didn't want to get involved in the whirlpool of the imperial court, perhaps because he was afraid of Gao Zhen, and he had already made up his mind to abdicate. Zhu Yuanzhang also knew Liu Bowen's mind, so he was reluctant. He asked Liu Bowen for advice on the candidate for prime minister, including Hu. Liu Bowen's answer is that no one can do it.

But Zhu Yuanzhang finally appointed Hu as prime minister-he seems to have other plans. What Zhu Yuanzhang never expected was that Hu had the cheek to kill Liu Bowen (it is also possible that Liu Bowen really died of illness). In a word, I thought that Liu Bowen, the founding hero who was in a relatively weak position in the imperial court, was not killed by Zhu Yuanzhang.

6. Did Liao Yongzhong die unjustly?

In addition to the above two similar cases, there are other types of cases worthy of our discussion. For example, Liao Yongzhong, who was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang on the grounds of deviance, was thought to have died because he had executed the task of murdering Wang Xiaoming.

In my opinion, it depends on how to say it. In the feudal society with great imperial power, the courtiers privately wore clothes embroidered with dragons and phoenixes. As for crimes, I am afraid that at least or generally speaking, they have already been sentenced, and according to the laws of the Ming Dynasty, it is no exception. Otherwise, we must consider whether the Daming Law will be implemented.

Zhu Yuanzhang's strict law enforcement is well known in ancient and modern times. This is a rare strict law enforcer in ancient and modern China and abroad. Zhu Yuanzhang will never forgive even if his relatives break the law. For example, Zhu Wenzheng, the founding hero and nephew, broke the law and was imprisoned according to law; Master Xu was found smuggling money and was executed according to law.

From this point of view, the death of Zhu Yuanzhang is actually not unjust-Zhu Yuanzhang's disposal of Liao did not exceed the legal provisions.

But if Liao Yongzhong's death is related to Wang Xiaoming's death (if Wang Xiaoming really died in Zhu Yuanzhang's conspiracy), then Zhu Yuanzhang can use this as an excuse to kill the hero.

Besides, by the way, no matter what the cause of Wang Xiaoming's death is, Zhu Yuanzhang's Jiangshan has always been shot down by himself-although Zhu Yuanzhang has been a nominal subordinate of Wang Xiaoming and Liu Futong since Guo Zixing unified the army, in essence, the two sides are just an alliance between peasant insurgents. In troubled times, competing with each other, which side is not targeting its own farmland? When Wang Xiaoming's strength was exhausted, Zhu Yuanzhang saved Wang Xiaoming out of morality and sacrificed it for several years. When the world is about to be decided, will anyone in Zhu Yuanzhang's position really give his land to someone who has nothing to do with it?

7. The ending of other founding heroes

When the Ming Dynasty was founded, civilian military commanders were all brilliant. However, many of these people died in years of war, many died of illness or natural old age during the war years or the peaceful years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, some died because they broke the law, some died because they were suspected of treason or sitting together, and so on. Investigating the causes of death of these dead people will help us understand Zhu Yuanzhang's attitude towards heroes.

Let's list the causes of death of some key heroes in the Ming Dynasty for your reference.

Chang Yuchun-died on the way to the Northern Expedition.

Li Wenzhong-People's Republic of China (PRC) died after the founding.

Zhu Wenzheng-He died in prison because he was imprisoned illegally.

Deng Yu died of illness before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Hu Dahai —— Died in an anti-surrender conspiracy before the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Zhu Liangzu-People's Republic of China (PRC) died after the founding.

Zhou Dexing-died of his son's disorderly sitting.

Fu Youde was granted death by Zhu Yuanzhang for inviting him to admire the fields.

Feng-died in the army.

Shengfeng-sitting in the case of aquamarine, give him a death sentence.

Mu ying-guarding Yunnan for generations.

Kang Maocai-an army that died of illness.

Guo Ying died of an old illness.

Ye Chen-Captured by the rebels, died unyielding.

Zhang Yi-disease.

It is generally believed that Zhu Yuanzhang executed Fu Youde and Shengfeng to protect the emperor's throne from any possible threat. If the Ming history of the Qing Dynasty had not been unfaithful to these two men, then these two heroes would have been really wronged. If so, we can say that Zhu Yuanzhang's excuse for killing heroes is not entirely fabricated, but it is true.

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3. Is the Hulan case unfair?

8. The complexity of the Hulan case

What really made Zhu Yuanzhang famous as a killer hero was the "Hu Rebellion Case" in 1380 and the "Sapphire Party Case" in 1393. According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang slaughtered 30,000 people and 1 person respectively through these two major cases. 50,000 people-these two big numbers are reasonable to be doubted, because there were many acts of tampering with Ming History when it was revised. If such figures are not tampered with, but the truth of history, it is indeed more worthy of discussion by future generations.

How can I put it? In feudal society and dynasties, treason and banditry were usually extremely hateful crimes of emperors, and they were usually punished by various means, including torture and sitting together. Therefore, the key to these two cases is whether Hu and Aquamarine were really wronged, not how many people were killed. If these two have not been wronged, it cannot be said that Zhu Yuanzhang is an excuse to kill heroes. If Hu and Lan are wronged, then Zhu Yuanzhang will certainly bear the reputation of a massacre hero.

The complexity of the problem lies in: first, even today, both Hu and Lan are indeed rebellious or arrogant and illegal; Second, in the eyes of future generations, Zhu Yuanzhang did take this opportunity to cut off the institution of prime minister to centralize power in the emperor; Third, when compiling the history of Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty also wantonly tampered with and destroyed the history books and historical facts of Ming Dynasty. The combination of the above three points really poses great obstacles and difficulties for people today to understand the truth and details of these two major cases.

But we only analyze these two situations.

9. "Hu Mou Rebellion Case": Should Hu be killed?

In his early years, Hu fought side by side with Zhu Yuanzhang and was highly valued. He has served as a marshal's office, magistrate, judge and other middle and low-level official positions, and is hardly among the founding heroes. In other words, in the process of Zhu Yuanzhang's farmland, Hu's contribution is very small, even because he followed Zhu Yuanzhang, it is not necessarily a living in troubled times. In a word, I'm afraid it's a bit reluctant to list Hu as a founding hero.

It should be said that Hu made his fortune mainly after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Hu was appointed as the political affairs of Zhongshu Province. In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), he served as the right prime minister. In the tenth year of Hongwu (` 1377), Hu even became the left prime minister, the first of all officials! Hu didn't make a great contribution in the process of farmland, but because he was a close friend of Li Shanchang and trusted by Zhu Yuanzhang, he was promoted quickly, and he was the beneficiary of the struggle for power balance.

Hu, a native of Huaixi, was originally a document under Zhu Yuanzhang's account. He was promoted by Zhu Yuanzhang and entrusted with an important task. In fact, it was just a pawn that Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to use to balance Li Shanchang, the most powerful leader of Huaixi School in the imperial court. However, in the first few years when Hu became prime minister, on the one hand, he was favored by Zhu Yuanzhang, on the other hand, he relied on Li Shanchang closely, which made Zhu Yuanzhang very uncomfortable. Hu himself had so many problems-Hu saw that his power was growing. He became more and more arrogant, such as arbitrary, abusing power for personal gain, such as self-consolidation, trying to rebel, colluding with Japan and Mongolia, and so on-so Zhu Yuanzhang simply abolished his ambitious and growing power completely. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang uprooted Li Shanchang, a knotted tree, for the sake of future generations and the country. At this point, Zhu Yuanzhang finally decided to put into practice the idea of abolishing the prime minister that he had been brewing for a long time.

Is Hu's accusation true? Is it wrong to convict him of treason? In this regard, I think even if Zhu Yuanzhang's intention to abolish the prime minister system is ruled out, it should be right. Take Hu's rebellion as an example. If the figures recorded in the history books are correct, then Zhu Yuanzhang's murder is indeed suspected of being too much.

The criminal law like the Left-wing League is certainly unreasonable to modern people, but in ancient China, no matter in slave society or feudal society, all dynasties including Tang and Song dynasties did not fail to implement this law (including all kinds of torture). Therefore, we should not use today's standards to measure and abuse Zhu Yuanzhang's so-called collusion with the so-called rebels. Fortunately, mankind has entered a highly civilized modern society. In today's world, torture and sitting together have long been abolished by all countries.

10, aquamarine party case: should aquamarine be killed?

Aquamarine, the brother-in-law of Chang Yuchun, the king of Kaiping, took orders from Chang Yuchun in the early days, was brave and good at fighting, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. He was a rising star among many founding heroes in the early Ming Dynasty. In the 14th year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Fu Youde to rate 300,000 yuan to conquer Yunnan, with Aquamarine as the second in command and Mu Ying as the third in command. The result was a total victory, and aquamarine was blocked. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu (1388), Zhu Yuanzhang appointed aquamarine as a general and led 150,000 troops to crusade against Mongolia. Aquamarine led the army to the fishing sea (now Lake Baikal) and defeated the Mongolian army. Since then, the Mongols have fallen into civil strife. Aquamarine was named the cool lord protector.

Aquamarine's exploits are really great, but he is arrogant. There are many problems, such as occupying private land, raising thousands of fake children in Zhuang Nu, and occupying many trophies such as treasures during the Northern Expedition. In addition, Aquamarine also expressed her concern for Judy to Prince Zhu Biao, and as a result, she offended Judy. Judy later spoke ill of aquamarine in front of Zhu Yuanzhang, which made Zhu Yuanzhang very dissatisfied with aquamarine. Later, the Royal Guard reported that Aquamarine attempted to rebel. ...

Should aquamarine be killed or not? Even if it is not the so-called crime of rebellion, if all kinds of illegal acts of aquamarine are strictly investigated according to law, presumably he is not far from the death penalty. However, after all, Aquamarine was an outstanding general, and killing him was really a great loss for the Ming Dynasty. It depends on what kind of choice Zhu Yuanzhang made. As a result, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to kill it.

The death of aquamarine obviously made the Ming Dynasty lose a valiant soldier with both wisdom and courage. If the Ming Dynasty intends to take the territory occupied by Mongols as its territory, Zhu Yuanzhang's aquamarine, Fu Youde and Shengfeng, who are still alive in his later years, are naturally the best generals to expand the territory. Unfortunately, Zhu Yuanzhang was not interested in the desolate Mobei, which was only suitable for grazing but not farming, so the value of aquamarine was useless. In this way, in the eyes of Zhu Yuanzhang, who is old, many aquamarine under his confidant have become a great threat to the imperial power. After the death of Prince Zhu Biao, in view of the weakness of the emperor's grandson, Zhu Yuanzhang felt this threat even more. In addition, aquamarine's words and deeds have been misbehaving. The Royal Guards told aquamarine to rebel, and Zhu Yuanzhang simply cut him to pieces.

Is this case wrong? Did you really kill too many people? There have always been different opinions. My personal opinion is that I tend to think that there is nothing wrong on the whole.

1 1. What are the disadvantages of feudal society?

Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to keep his country forever and build a beautiful society with strict legal system. He can't allow the country he created to be chaotic and dirty. He wanted to avoid any risk of chaos after his death, so he repeatedly punched the iron bowl. Is he wrong? According to his thoughts and train of thought, he is not wrong.

What about the main heroes? They are all heroes who were killed in blood and fire. They suffer, sweat and bleed. After sitting in the country, they want to be comfortable and enjoy a little, so they can't help but indulge. Although this is understandable, the premise is to abide by the law and be strict with yourself.

However, due to the emperor's awareness of prevention, it is inevitable that some heroes will die with or without injustice ... So, how should future generations comment on all this?

In fact, in the final analysis, the crux of such problems must be attributed to institutional problems. I'm afraid the system disadvantages of feudal society can't be solved by any emperor in feudal society. Only by stepping into a more civilized, democratic and enlightened social form can human beings fundamentally overcome these drawbacks.

In a word, to sum up, I think that Zhu Yuanzhang's statement that he slaughtered heroes at will without principle is worthy of in-depth discussion and questioning on the whole, and may even be completely or partially overthrown.