Reading skills, three methods of the first paragraph

1. The role of a sentence in the first paragraph of the article, the role of a paragraph or sentence in the middle and the role of a sentence in the last paragraph. We can answer this question from two aspects: for the first paragraph, structurally speaking, it is to write down the topic, point out the center of the article, get straight to the point, get the full text, or play a role in causing the following; In terms of content, it is the foreshadowing and foil for the following, and the foreshadowing for the description of the content behind. The problem in the middle section plays a bridging role in structure. The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of the article, make people memorable and take care of the topic. 2. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the article express? This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. The common ones are singing, praising, loving, loving, moving, happy, longing, shocking, missing, melancholy, faint sorrow, regret, missing hometown and relatives, or boredom, hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief, regret and so on. The general author's feelings can be seen between the lines of the article, some may be written more implicitly, and some are expressed directly. 3. Summarize the main idea of the article. For this kind of topic, you must read the full text carefully several times before answering, and then you can answer it with such key words: "Through the story of ..., you praise (praise) the author's thoughts and feelings and reveal the profound truth of ...". We can also find out from the article that in every paragraph of the article, especially the first or last sentence of the first or last paragraph, the philosophical sentences in the article are often the theme that the author wants to express. 4. What expressions are used in the underlined sentences? What's the role? When we see this type of topic, we should first take a look at the expression used in this sentence, which is narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. In particular, the description is divided into character description, scenery description and comprehensive scene description. Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detail description, and the role of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching. The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. If there are some fairy tales, folklore and descriptions of magical scenes in nature, its function is to increase the mystery of what is written and arouse readers' interest. 5. What rhetorical devices are used in a sentence in the text? What's the role? There are many kinds of rhetoric, and there are eight commonly used ones: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question. Among them, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and parallelism are the most frequently tested. Metaphor has three functions: first, it makes abstruse truth simple and helps people deepen their body odor; The second is to make abstract things concrete and easy to accept; The third is to visualize what is summarized and give people a vivid impression. The role of personification is to make readers not only have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings for the things. Using personification to express favorite things can make it vivid and make people feel more cordial and natural. Things that show hatred can be made ugly and give people a strong sense of disgust. The function of exaggeration is to profoundly express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus causing readers to scream strongly; Rendering the image of things can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things. The function of parallelism lies in highlighting the center of the article, expressing strong and unrestrained emotions and enhancing the momentum of language; It is an important link to improve the expression effect. There are also overlapping words and short sentences, which make the article full of rhythm, beautiful phonology and catchy to read. Another kind of rhetoric is quotation. Sometimes in reading comprehension, there will be quoted poems, celebrity stories, and related contents in celebrity language or celebrity works. The question will be "What is the function of the quoted contents in the article?" When answering this question, you should pay attention to two key words, one is "setting off the quality of the narrative object and highlighting some spirit of the protagonist". The above types of questions must be answered in combination with the specific content of the article. 6. What is the meaning of a sentence in the text? Or tell us something profound? Please tell me your understanding. The answer to this kind of question can't be solved simply by looking for ready-made sentences from the text. This requires our students to read more and accumulate more at ordinary times, read more and remember some philosophical famous sayings, so as to truly understand the meaning of the article, enrich the answers and express their understanding of the article accurately in their own language. 7. Compare reading comprehension. Sometimes the exam will compare the articles in class with those with similar contents outside class. For this type of topic, we can compare the contents, writing characteristics and emotional tone of the articles. The above is standard questions's answer to the narrative. Let's take a look at the reading comprehension of the narrative. 8. Reading comprehension of explanatory text. For the reading comprehension of expository texts, we can grasp three points: the explanatory object, the explanatory order and the explanatory method. There are three kinds of explanation order: chronological order, spatial order order and logical order. The most important thing is to explain the methods and their functions. Commonly used explanation methods include classification, examples, analogy, listing data, comparison, definition, interpretation, drawing charts and quoting data. Among them, classification, examples, analogy, data listing and comparison are more involved. The function of classification is to make complex things clear. Examples can play a role in making the content specific and convincing. The explanation method of analogy is consistent with the metaphor in figures of speech. This method can highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation. Column data can make the things explained more specific and make it easier for readers to understand the relevant content. Comparison is similar to rhetorical comparison. In explaining some abstract or unfamiliar things, we can compare them with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison, and the characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When answering questions about the language of expository writing, we should pay attention to the accuracy of the language, and the language style can be divided into plain and vivid. Narrative and expository texts are common in the reading of senior high school entrance examination, and there are few argumentative papers, so I won't repeat them because of the limited space. I hope it will be helpful to you in your study and examination. The skills and methods of answering modern reading questions 1. Basic essentials: grasp the key sentences as a whole and find the answers in the text 2. Steps: (Read the article twice) The first time: read the whole article and get a general understanding. First, read the full text roughly and get a general idea of the article; When reading, underline words and sentences that you think are important by feeling; [It can be a little faster] The second time: review the meaning of the question and read back the original text. Look at the topic, determine the reading range of answering questions, and then find relevant paragraphs and sentences in combination with the test questions (Shunteng) to intercept key words; Find out or summarize the answer (picking melons). [Should be slow, careful, and review] Finally: clear up the main points and answer the questions carefully. According to the requirements of answering questions, process and transform, and summarize and refine. (Try to use the key words in the original text to answer the questions) 1. There are three steps to solve the reading questions of modern Chinese: the first step is to read the whole article and get a general understanding. For the first time, read the whole text roughly, and get a general idea of the article, so as to know fairly well. So what do we need to know about the article? 1. Understand the general content of the article. Who are these people? what's up What scene? What is it? What topic? How do you write it? Why do you want to write like this? What do you think? 2. Understand the general structure and main ideas of the article. What are the basic elements of the narrative of the article (what are the people, things, time and place)? What is the author's emotional change? What are the materials? How is it arranged? How did the article transition? Find out the clue, order, level, etc. of the article. 3. Understand the thoughts, feelings and themes of the article. Note: the above objectives can be achieved in the following ways: 1. Grasp the key words and expressions in the article. Key words and phrases in the article: title, opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, central sentence, epigram, figurative sentence, continuous question, transitional sentence, lyric sentence, argument sentence, recurring words and phrases, key related words (such as the words at the beginning of the paragraph: not only … but also … because of this), etc., we should pay special attention to those that reflect the author's position and viewpoint and reflect the deep level of the article. Note that the main idea of the article is often hidden in these sentences. Some essays are quite obscure by means of expressing ambition and symbols, and we can also find clues from these words. Second, make clear the structure of the article. It is easier to grasp the ideological content of the article from the structural form, that is to say, it is easier to understand the central idea of the article if the structural level is clarified. From this point of view, understanding the structure is the basis of narrative reading. Understand the narrative structure, can be carried out from the following aspects. (l) find clues to the article. The clue forms of narrative are: taking time and space transfer as the clue, taking one person, one event and one thing as the clue. When reading an article, you should try to find out the clue of the article, so you can understand the hierarchical structure of the paragraph along it. (2) Clear the order of articles. The order of narration requires us to master three sequential methods: direct narration, flashback and interpolation. Sequential narration means that when narrating, it is written in the chronological order of occurrence, development and ending. Such as The Emperor's New Clothes. Flashback refers to writing what happened later in front and what happened first in the back. Interpolation: For example, when reading "The Wood Carving of Antelope", paying attention to the starting and ending points of flashback and interpolation will be helpful to find out the narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article. (3) Clarify the level of the article. Clarifying the level of the article is an important part of clarifying the structure of the article. (4) Grasp the details of the article. When selecting and using materials, the article should have a master and a second time, and be detailed and sketchy. The second step is to examine the meaning of the question and read back the original text. After grasping the article as a whole, we will read the stem carefully, find out the point of each question, read back the original text, and correspond the stem with the article. What are the methods and steps to read back the original text? 1. Find the relevant area of the corresponding topic in the original text. See which paragraphs or areas are involved in the topic and which sentences are related to it. 2. Contact the context and grasp the key words. As long as you find the relevant areas in the original text and carefully try to figure out the context, you can accurately grasp the key words, and the answers to most questions can be found in the original text. 3, comprehensive analysis, picking melons along the vine. Combine the test questions (Shunteng) to find the relevant key paragraphs and sentences, deeply understand the article, analyze and synthesize, and summarize the answers (picking melons). The third step is to clarify the main points and answer the questions carefully. 1. Quote the original text. If the topic requires quoting the original answer, find the answer directly and write it carefully. 2. Grasp the corresponding key words. If you don't explicitly ask to quote the original answer, you can't copy the original sentences mechanically. Generally speaking, some key words and sentences involved in the answer are in the original text, so we should grasp these important words and phrases and extract, edit, summarize, reorganize and summarize them effectively. 3. Organize language answers. Answer a few points according to the score first, and then answer. When answering questions, we should stick to the meaning of the questions, try to include the corresponding key words in the text, choose appropriate sentence patterns, choose appropriate angles to answer, that is, how to answer the questions, and rearrange the known information in the text according to the requirements of the stem of the questions to make the answers full, in place, accurate and organized. However, there are still some questions that cannot be answered by simply reorganizing the language of the article, so you need to organize your own understanding and express it in your own language. 4. There are still some questions in the form of multiple-choice questions, so we should understand the rules of setting wrong options for such questions (such as taking them out of context, stealing concepts, unclear scope, creating something out of nothing, imposing cause and effect, and accidentally confusing them intentionally), and make a one-on-one comparison between the options and the relevant sentences in the original text to make an accurate judgment and choice. The answer mode of modern reading questions 1. Summary questions: (1) Summary of the content of the article: According to the basic elements of narrative (behavior and experience) or the plot of the novel or the words and deeds of the characters or the emotional changes of the author, select materials and combine answers. Example: ◆ Please summarize the main plot of the novel with the clues of Dani's speech and behavior development. (No more than 8 words) (5 points) ◆ Please summarize "my strange experience". (No more than 6 words) The summarized operational ideas are as follows: 1. Summarize according to the central sentence. The concretization of the content of an article is usually manifested in narrative, discussion or explanation around a certain center. Therefore, if you grasp the central sentence, it will grasp the specific gist. 2. Summarize the main points and key words by refining them. In some articles, it is difficult to find the central sentence that prompts the specific content, so it is necessary to extract the relevant points. 3. Summarize by identifying the correlation. The specific content of any article is a whole composed of parts. Starting with the relationship between parts, that is, identifying the correlation between sentences or paragraphs, is an important way to summarize. For example, in Zhu Ziqing's Spring, there are 1 natural paragraphs, except ① ② natural paragraph is "longing for spring", ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ natural paragraph is "seeing off spring" and ③ to ⑦ natural paragraph is "painting spring". Why do you say that the natural section from ③ to ⑦ is "painting spring"? ③ Spring grass in the natural section, spring flowers in the natural section, spring breeze in the natural section, spring rain in the natural section and Spring Festival in the natural section. Taking it as a whole, we can easily find that the author describes spring from all sides, so we can summarize the contents of the natural paragraphs from 3 to 7 as "painting spring" 4. Summarize by taking the lead. Taking the lead is to grasp the beginning of specific content; Tailing is the end of connecting the specific content. By taking the lead and summarizing, the essence of its content surfaced. Please see paragraph 1 of Wei Wei's My Teacher. To sum up the content of this passage, we can connect the first sentence with the last sentence, and the gist of its content will be summarized. The essence of its content is: the loving, great and just teacher Cai occupied my heart at that time. If you ask the general idea of a paragraph: find the central sentence and pay attention to the first sentence and the last sentence of the paragraph. (If there is no central sentence) Summary paragraph meaning: This paragraph (summary or concrete) writes "Who-What". (or "what-how") (2) Inducing the central meaning 1. The method of inducing the central meaning (1) Grasping the topic. The title is the "eye" of the article, and the title of the article can always convey the theme of the article explicitly or implicitly. "Praise of Poplar" (2) Grasping the materials in the text and telling the readers the central meaning directly. For example, "One Side" (3) grasps the topic sentences and key sentences that prompt the central meaning in the beginning and end paragraphs of the article, which are generally lyrical and argumentative sentences. For example, "Who is the cutest person" and "Pear Blossom on the Post Road" (4) summarize the central meaning through structural analysis. Connect the main ideas of all parts of the article, summarize them comprehensively, and then point out the thoughts, feelings and attitudes expressed by the author. For example, "Litchi Honey" (5) starts with the background of the times, and all good articles are branded with the times, and the author's writing background is analyzed.