On the function of punctuation marks and examples.

Bjor Didan

(1) punctuation. (2) Add punctuation marks to the original works (such as ancient books) without punctuation marks: ~ Twenty-four histories.

Punctuation marks are a set of symbols that assist writing language. Its function: A stands for pause, B stands for mood, and C stands for the nature and function of words. There are two kinds: dots and labels. Point at the end of a clause (pause, comma, semicolon, colon) and point (period, question mark, exclamation point). The role of the dot is to break, indicating the tone and pause of speech; The function of labels is to show the nature and function of some words or sentences in written language. In recent years, the examination of punctuation marks in college entrance examination focuses on application rather than name terms, and focuses on candidates' knowledge and skills of various punctuation marks. Usage:

The position of punctuation at the end of the quotation

If the quotation used by the speaker is complete and independent, the punctuation at the end should be put in quotation marks in order to keep the quotation complete and independent. For example, in short, in any work, we should remember: "Modesty makes people progress, and pride makes people lag behind." (Wu Han's "Yan Qian")

If the speaker only takes the quotation as an integral part of his own words, then there should be no punctuation at the end, and punctuation should be placed outside quotation marks. For example, in the past few decades, Mount Tai has been seen from a distance from the train many times. Every time I think of the phrase "Confucius climbed the East Mountain but was small, and climbed Mount Tai but was smaller than the world", I feel that I passed without climbing, as if I owed a debt to a long-standing cultural tradition. (Li Jianwu, "Climbing Mount Tai in the Rain")

If the punctuation mark at the end of the quotation is a question mark or an exclamation mark, even if it is part of the author's text, it should generally be kept.

Use of punctuation before and after ellipsis

If the ellipsis is preceded by a complete sentence, a dot should be added at the end of the sentence. For example, the night is long and the road is long. I'd better forget it. But I know that even if it's not me, I will always think of them and talk about them. ..... (Lu Xun's "In Memory of Forgetting")

If the sentence before the ellipsis is not a complete sentence, in principle, punctuation is not added.

There are generally no punctuation marks after ellipsis, because even the words are omitted, and it is meaningless to add punctuation marks.

If there are words after ellipsis, in order to show that these words are far away from ellipsis and the words before ellipsis, you can add a dot at the end of the sentence after ellipsis. For example, there is a trend of long culture in creation: short stories are close to novelettes, and novelettes are close to long ones. What about the long one? One, two, three ... of course, there are long and excellent ones, but most of them don't need to be that long. There is indeed "water" to squeeze. (China Architecture 199 1 7, p. 32)

Use of punctuation before and after dashes

When expressing a sudden change in topic or conversation object, or a leap in meaning, the ending point of the sentence is often added before the dash to show the integrity and independence of the words and meanings before the dash. For example:

(1) After a while, I heard another one say, "Why, have you all left? Come here once in a blue moon, take a bath freely, and stop playing for the time being. Oh! Where are my clothes? Who has seen my clothes? " (Cowherd and Weaver Girl)

Mr. Lin suddenly looked up and faced the old woman. Unable to avoid it, he stepped forward and said, "Mrs. Zhu, are you out to buy new year's goods?" Please go and sit inside. -Axiu, come and save Zhu Santai. " (Mao Dun's Lin Jiabao)

(3) Hey, dozens of high-rise buildings, two-story cars, all kinds of beautiful and useful foreign things … fellow villagers! You have to watch it all your life! -after three years, the money earned in the future is yours! We are fellow villagers and have friendship. -Give it to me. What's the difference? Can I still go home? (Xia Yan's "Bonded Labor")

When expressing explanatory discourse, there is generally no punctuation before the dash, because it divides explanatory language and explanatory language into two parts. People will naturally pause when reading dashes, and there is no punctuation in front of them, which does not hinder reading comprehension.

Do not use punctuation marks after dashes.

Usage of dot after "so-and-so"

If "so-and-so said" comes before the quotation, it is usually followed by a colon, and some people use commas. For example:

(1) My companion asked me to have a look. I said gloomily, "Forget it, don't look, you go." (China's Prose, No.2, 1999)

(2) I said, "Dad, you go." (Zhu Ziqing's "Back")

If "so-and-so said" follows the quotation, it should be followed by a period. For example, "What's wrong with making everyone laugh? I lost something. " He said. (China's Prose 1999 No.2, p.28)

If "so-and-so" is in the middle of quotation marks, and the quotation marks before and after it are all people, a comma should be added after it. For example, "he doesn't believe it", all the stones that built the platform said together. "Show him at once and throw him down!" (Ye Shengtao's Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes)

If "so-and-so" is not a direct speech, but the general idea of "so-and-so", a comma is usually used after "so-and-so". For example, when my girlfriend came back from a visit, she reported that she liked short-sleeved tight-fitting suits with short colored leather clothes best, which was very naive.

In ancient times, there were no punctuation marks in writing articles, which made it difficult to read and even led to misunderstanding. It was not until the Han Dynasty that the "sentence reading" symbol was invented. A short paragraph with complete meaning is "sentence"; The paragraph in the sentence where the meaning is unfinished and the tone can be paused is "read" (equivalent to the comma now). The Song Dynasty used "."and ","to indicate sentence reading. Names and place names only appeared in the Ming Dynasty. These are the earliest punctuation marks in China.

19 19 On the basis of the original punctuation marks in China and referring to the punctuation marks commonly used in other countries, the Preparatory Committee for the Unified Planning of Putonghua stipulated the symbol 12, which was promulgated by the then Ministry of Education. After the founding of New China, the General Administration of Publishing further summarized the rules for the use of punctuation marks and published the usage of punctuation marks in 195 1. In the same year, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Learning the Usage of Punctuation in 1. From then on, punctuation tends to be perfect and has a unified usage. 1990 In April, the State Language Committee and the Press and Publication Administration revised and promulgated the Usage of Punctuation Symbols, which made new provisions and explanations on punctuation marks and their usage.

A new interpretation of punctuation marks

Punctuation =4 o'clock

In the spoken language of China people, the homonym of 4 is "death", so people generally don't want to choose numbers with 4, and they don't want to say numbers with 4.

There are inevitably four points on the clock. Now, there is a solution that both buyers and sellers are satisfied with.

Many watch manufacturers put their trademarks at 4 o'clock, hiding the unlucky number 4.

After consumers buy watches, they don't tear off the trademarks.

In this way, when the pointer points to 4 o'clock, it points to the trademark of this watch.

At 4 o'clock, someone asked, "What time is it?" The answer is "the meaning of trademark"

As a result, 4 o'clock is a "punctuation mark", which is very popular.