The original text and appreciation of the ancient poem "Birdsong Stream"

"Birdsong Stream"

Author: Wang Wei

Original text:

Osmanthus flowers fall when people are idle, the night is quiet and the spring sky is empty.

When the moon comes out, birds startle the mountains, and they sing in the spring stream.

Notes:

1. Selected from "Wang Youcheng's Collection of Notes" Birdsong Stream: Birds are singing in the mountains. River name.

2. Jian: A small canyon, but with water.

3. Xian: quiet and leisurely, which means the silence of human voices.

4. Osmanthus fragrans: a kind of spring osmanthus, the common name for osmanthus. Usually blooms in August.

5. Emptiness: empty, empty. emptiness. At this time, it is described as silent and soundless in the mountains, as if there is nothing.

6. Moonrise: The moon rises.

7. Jing: startle, disturb.

8. Shi: sometimes, occasionally.

9. Shi Ming: Occasionally (sometimes) crows.

10. Mountain bird: a bird in the mountains.

Poetic:

In the silent valley, there are few people around,

Only the sweet-scented osmanthus is falling silently.

As the night deepens, everything is silent, as if there is nothing.

The bright moon rose from the valley,

startling the birds in the mountains.

Sometimes a gentle chirping sound is heard in the mountain stream.

Appreciation:

This poem describes the tranquility of spring mountains. "Quiet" was strongly felt by the poet. Why? Because "the mountains are quiet", people are quiet. People's tranquility is due to the tranquility of their hearts, so they are aware of the fall of the sweet-scented osmanthus. Combination of movement and stillness.

Birdsong Stream is a place with extremely beautiful scenery. This poem describes the unusually quiet scene of Spring Mountain at night. Flowers fall, the moon rises, and birds sing. These "moving" scenes reflect the tranquility of Spring Mountain. This poem mainly writes about the night scene of spring mountains. The flowers fall, the moon rises, and the birds sing, they are all moving. The author uses the method of contrasting the stillness with movement to achieve the artistic effect of "the mountain with the singing of birds becomes more secluded".

"Leisure" means that there are no troubles in the world around, and it shows the quietness of the poet's heart. With this as a premise, the subtle sweet-scented osmanthus fell from the branches and was noticed. The poet can discover this kind of "falling", either by the touch caused by the flower falling on the skirt of the clothes, or by the sound, or by the trace of fragrance emitted when the petals fall. In short, the factors that "fall" can affect people are very subtle. And when this subtle factor can be clearly felt from the surrounding world, the poet can't help but marvel at the silence of the night and the emptiness particularly revealed by the silence. Here, the poet's state of mind and the environmental atmosphere of Chunshan are consistent with each other and interact with each other.

Writing about an ethereal and quiet environment and state of mind, the protagonist uses all his heart and soul to listen carefully to the sounds of falling flowers and birds singing. His heart is peaceful and indifferent, but also full of elegance. The extremely quiet nature is vivid and full of life in the poet's writing. The moonrise is silent, while mountain birds fly in fright. This is an artistic scene that contrasts movement and stillness. "Er'an Shuo Tang Poetry": "Youcheng is good at Zen theory, and his poems are all in line with the holy teachings." "Notes on Tang Poems": "It is wonderful to have leisurely people to lead this leisurely fun." "Poetry Methods Yi Jianlu": " Birdsong is the motive; stream is the narrow environment. First, the quiet spring mountain sky is mentioned. Five characters are placed in front of it, and then the bird singing stream is highlighted, and then one feels an empty and quiet scene, which becomes more obvious due to the birdsong. Beyond the pen and ink, a piece of machinery cannot be reached without human effort."

This poem is one of Wang Wei's representative works of landscape poetry. Appreciated from the perspective of literary creation, the subtlety of this poem lies in the combination of "motion" and "quietness" to bring out the poetic and picturesque mood. The first sentence, "Osmanthus flowers fall when people are idle, and spring mountains are empty at night" uses sound to describe the scene, and cleverly uses synaesthetic techniques to combine the dynamic scene of "flowers falling" with "people are idle".

The flowers blooming and falling are all sounds of nature. Only when the mind is truly free and lets go of its obsession with worldly distractions can one's spirit be elevated to a state of "emptiness". The background was "late night", and the poet obviously could not see the scene of the falling osmanthus, but because of the "quiet night" and the "quiet mind" of the people watching the scenery, he still felt the blooming osmanthus falling off the branches and falling down. , the process of landing. And we seemed to have entered the scenic scene of "Fragrant Forest and Rain of Flowers". The "Spring Mountain" here also leaves a blank in our imagination. Because it is a "Spring Mountain", we can imagine the noisy scene during the day: the beautiful spring sunshine, the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers, and the laughter and laughter. At this time, in the dead of night, the tourists have left, the noise of the day has disappeared, and the mountains and forests are empty. In fact, what is "empty" is the poet's state of mind as a Zen practitioner. Only with his free and easy state of mind can he capture scenes that others cannot experience.

The last sentence, "The moonrise scares the mountain birds, and they sing in the spring stream." It uses movement to describe tranquility. One "startle" and one "sing" seem to break the tranquility of the night, but in fact, it uses The description of the sound sets off the tranquility and leisure in the mountains: the moon emerged from the clouds, the quiet moonlight streamed down, a few birds woke up from their sleep, murmured from time to time, and sang along with the gentle mountain stream in spring. The sound of water flowing brings the overall artistic conception of this silent mountain forest to the readers' eyes, which is similar to Wang Ji's "The noisy cicada forest is more quiet, and the bird singing mountain is more secluded" ("Entering Ruoye Creek").

Lu You said: "Articles are created by nature, and skillful hands accidentally acquire them." In ancient times, good poems were created by nature, and were narrated by skillful hands. While we were chanting and drinking, our minds seemed to follow the poet's words into that quiet and unconventional picture.

In this spring mountain, Wan Lai is intoxicated with the color of the night and the tranquility of the night. Therefore, when the moon rises and brings a bright silver glow to the empty valley shrouded in night, the mountain birds are startled. The birds were frightened, of course, because they were accustomed to the silence of the valley. It seemed that even the moonrise brought new excitement. But the brightness of the moonlight caused the scenery before and after the valley to change suddenly, which is also conceivable. The so-called "the moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south" (Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing") can be associated with this. But Wang Wei lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which was different from the war and chaos in the Jian'an era. Even birds and beasts could not help but feel panic. Wang Wei's "Moonrise Startles the Mountain Bird" is set in the stable and unified society of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Although the bird is frightened, it is by no means "circling the tree three times with no branches to rely on". They did not fly away from the spring stream, or even took off at all. They only made occasional calls among the trees. "The time is ringing in the spring stream", they are not so much "surprised" as they are fresh about the moonrise. Therefore, if we compare it with Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing", in Wang Wei's poem, we can not only see the charming environment of the spring mountain decorated with the bright moon, falling flowers and birdsong, but also feel the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Peaceful and stable social atmosphere. Wang Wei likes to create a quiet artistic conception in his landscape poems, and this poem is also the same. . The word "people's leisure" shows that there are no human disturbances around, indicating the poet's inner peace. It highlights the integration of man and nature! But with the addition of falling flowers, moonrise, and birdsong, these moving scenes make the poem appear full of vitality and not dull. At the same time, through movement, the tranquility of the spring stream is more prominently displayed. Moving scenery can achieve a static effect instead. This is because the contradictory sides of things are always interdependent. Under certain conditions, the reason why movement can occur or be noticed by people is precisely based on stillness. "The mountains are more secluded when birds sing", which contains the dialectics of art.