Overcharging three or five buckets (a new explanation of overcharging three or five buckets now)

In July, 1, 1933, Teacher Ye Shengtao published an excerpt from the novel "Beating 35 fights indiscriminately". The background of the novel is that in the early 1930s, the China market was flooded with foreign rice, and the price of rice fell sharply, which made the vast rice-producing areas lose their sales. Under the imperialist economic aggression, farmers are on the verge of bankruptcy. Fortunately, in 1932, there was a bumper harvest of grain in various places, but the price of food decreased greatly, and the poverty of farmers became more and more serious. "Putting down the sickle without food has become a common phenomenon in rural areas." Even, "there are many fields that simply don't accept because of the poor food prices. I'm afraid I'll be tired if I put them away. " Overcharging three to five fights reflected the social situation at that time. The scenes and phenomena in this paper have also evolved unconsciously to the present.

Divination: wrote their contradictory psychology of hope and worry. (analysis and prediction)

Some old felt hats: Metonymy was used. (Grain farmers and traders)

Changes of farmers' feelings: hope-anger-pleading-disappointment. (Farmers, businessmen)

Mr. Mihang's tone changes: sneer-boredom-disdain-intimidation. (end user)

Dump a lot of foreign rice and foreign noodles. (import substitution)

"Peer-to-peer negotiation", colluding with each other, is intended to suppress prices, (trade association)

There are "traps" everywhere. (taxation, daily affairs)

The landlord's house rent. (Financing, storage costs)

[originality] [appreciation]

The river pier of Wansheng Mihang is littered with ships leaving the country. The ship was loaded with new rice, which made the hull very low. Vegetable leaves and garbage on the ship's side are surrounded by white greasy foam, filling the gap between this ship and that one. Taste: vividly describe the situation of many ships moored at the dock. The word "low" makes people seem to see a heavy ship full of new rice. Many boats occupied rice, indicating that farmers had a bumper harvest.

Hegang is a street where only two or three people can walk side by side. Wansheng Mihang is just across the street. The early morning sunlight slanted in from the broken tile ceiling, and the light beam fell on some old felt hats shaking outside the counter. Taste: A few old felt hats: solid is the appearance of farmers in southern Jiangsu, using the method of metonymy.

Those people wearing old felt hats turned into themselves early in the morning, came to the dock, panting, and came to the counter to predict their fate. "Five pieces of brown rice and three grains," Mr. Mihang replied weakly.

"what!" The old felt hat friend could hardly believe his ears. The hope of happiness suddenly sank, and everyone froze for a while.

"Isn't it thirteen dollars in June?"

"Fifteen dollars have been sold, not to mention thirteen dollars."

"Where did it fall so badly!"

"What time is it, don't you know? Rice is flooding everywhere, and it will fall down in a few days! " Taste: "The tide is coming" describes rice, and the secret title is "overcharged by three or five buckets"

Just now, the kung fu of rocking the boat was like a dragon boat, which relaxed everyone's body. God cares, the rain is mixed well, and the insects don't get in the way. Everyone thinks it's time to get some air.

I don't know when I finally divined, but I got a worse lesson than in previous years!

"It's better not to sell vegetables. Let's shake it back and put it at home!" Such angry words come from a simple heart. Taste: The scene of farmers peeling rice with the joy of bumper harvest is in sharp contrast to the scene of hearing that rice prices are low and hopes are dashed, so they can only say angry words.

"Before," Mr. Sneer, "if not, would people starve to death? There are foreign rice and foreign noodles everywhere. The first batch has not been finished yet, and several more batches have come from foreign ships. " Taste: the language description vividly depicts the face of the rice shop owner who looks down on farmers.

Sea rice, ocean surface and ocean ship are all distant things, as if they can be ignored. Instead of the rice that has been sent to the river pier, it can only be said that it is angry words. How can it not be destroyed? The landlord has to pay the rent. In order to hire helpers, buy fertilizers and fill his stomach, he had to pay off the debts he borrowed. Taste: All this forces farmers to cut rice.

"Let's shake it to Fan's grave." There may be a better fate waiting for them in Fan's grave. Some people think so. Taste: Disappointed people still have a little luck, hoping to have a better fate.

However, Mr. Wang came again with a "scoff" and twisted a thin stubble and said, "Don't talk about Fan's tomb, just shake it into the city. Peer discussion, the price of these two days is five pieces of brown rice and three pieces of grain. " Taste: peer discussion "shows that Mihang has United, and it is really" the world is as black as a crow ". "

"It's no good going to Fan's grave," retorted his companions. "Come to the tomb of van two dui, know how much they donated us! Just say that according to their donations, where did you get the cash? " Taste: donating money after a game is really a layer of exploitation.

"Sir, can you improve it a little?" I almost cried.

"Raise a little, it's easy to say a word. Our rice business is based on capital. You know, improve a little, that is to say, work for you for nothing. Who would do such a stupid thing? " Taste: "Who wants to do it with capital?" The image of a mercenary rice shop owner is vividly on the paper.

"This price is so low that we never dreamed of it. The price is seven and a half dollars, and the price of rice is thirteen dollars. No, your husband said it was sold for fifteen dollars. We think it should be a little over $7.50.

"I didn't know there were only five!"

"Sir, this is the old price last year, seven and a half dollars."

"Sir, farmers are very poor. Please be kind and earn less. "

Tired of listening, another gentleman threw his cigarette butt into the street and said with wide eyes, "If you think the price is low, don't burn it." You came by yourselves and were not invited. Say whatever you have to say! We have a large amount of foreign currency. We don't buy yours, others buy easily. Look, there are still two ships parked at the dock. "Taste: From" hope "to" anger "and then to" entreaty ",begging Mr. Mihang to raise the price of rice.

Three or four old felt hats rose from under the stone steps, and below them were red faces, showing hope. They immediately joined the first group. The oblique beams of light fell on their tattered shoulders.

"Listen, what's the price this year?"

"Not as good as last year, only five dollars!" With a look of frustration and helplessness.

"what!" Hope is like soap bubbles, and then three or four bubbles burst.

Although the soap bubble of hope is shattered, the rice carried in the open boat will be harvested after all; Moreover, it is destined to be sold to this Wansheng rice store. There is a lot of foreign currency in the rice shop, and foreign currency is also needed in the empty pocket of the rag coat. Taste: "I am so depressed that I can't help it", expressing the disappointment of my old friend in the felt hat.

In the debate about the quality of rice, under the contention of shallow rice and full rice, the open boat at the dock of the big ship is really open to the sky; The hull floated so much that the leaves and rubbish that filled the gap between this ship and that ship were out of sight. The old felt hat friend sent the rice he planted to the stall of Wansheng Rice Company, and more or less got a pile of banknotes. "Taste: the rice has been harvested, and the boat is exposed to the sky." More or less "means that the income is far from the value of rice, and the degree of exploitation can be seen."

"Sir, Yuan Shikai, can't I give you some foreign money?" White rice can't be exchanged for white cash. It seems that they have a discount again, which is strange and uncomfortable.

"The braid of the countryside!" Holding a pen hand on the abacus beads, disdain disdain eyes shot out from above the glasses, "a dollar bill for a dollar, who will give you a copper coin. We have no foreign currency here, only paper money. " Taste depicts Mr. Mihang Accountant's contempt for farmers.

"Then, change it to China Bank." From the pattern, I know that the money in my hand is not from China Bank.

"Scare!" The voice was harsh, and the left index finger pointed hard. "This is the central bank's. You don't want it, but do you want to go to court? " Taste intimidation and coercion.

If you don't want this bill, you'll have to go to court. This truth is incomprehensible. But no one wants to understand. Everyone looked at the portraits on the banknotes, exchanged suspicious eyes with each other, and stuffed the banknotes into the empty pockets of rags or wrapped around the waistband. Taste the poverty of the old felt hat in Empty Pocket and Empty Wallet. They need money, so they have to cut rice.

A group of people muttered and left Wansheng Mihang, while another group came up from the dock. Similarly, the soap bubbles of hope burst in front of the counter, driving away the joy of watching the heavy ears of rice since autumn. Similarly, the extremely reluctant white rice was sent to Wansheng's room and replaced with non-white banknotes and current foreign currency. "The smell of one group of people ... another group of people ..." implies that many working people are exploited at different levels. ?

The streets are getting more and more lively.

My old felt hat friend came to town today, so he has a lot of plans. When the foreign soap is used up, you have to buy it back for ten dollars and eight dollars. You should also bring some boxes of matches. Foreign oil is bought from vendors who carry the burden for the village. It's a pity that ten coppers are so small. It will be much cheaper if several families buy a jar to use together. The colorful foreign cloth displayed in the window is said to be only eight and a half feet long, and women have been jealous for a long time. Today, everyone is clamoring to come out together, and they have a budget for a few feet. Some women will also have an egg-shaped foreign mirror, a white towel or a small hat with a beautiful wool knot in their budget. It's a rare blessing. Collect three or five buckets more for an acre of land, so that the hand that has been tightly squeezed can relax a little. Who said it shouldn't be? Pay the rent, pay the debt, and pay the money, and you will probably be able to cope with it; There may be more things to deal with than in the past. In this state of mind, some people even want to buy a thermos. This thing is really strange. There is no need to make a fire or wash it down with hot water. It's still hot when it's poured out later Compared with the teapot made of Michai, it is really a heaven and an underground. Taste and write some wonderful plans of friends who wear old felt hats after harvest. Everything they buy is a necessity. "As long as" means that the price of foreign cloth is low, which is in contrast to the fact that farmers are still too poor to afford it.

When they left Wansheng Mihang, they muttered to themselves, as if they had walked out of a casino that had been unfavorable to them-they lost again this time! How much did you lose? They don't know. In a word, there is not a penny and a half in the stack of banknotes in the bag. I don't know how many bills I have to make up, so people will be satisfied. I won't know this until someone tells me. The metaphor of taste is very accurate. Your own destiny is in the hands of others, just like a gambler. Words like "always" and "lost again" mean that fate is like this year after year. This is a life of living beyond one's means.

You lose, you lose. Returning immediately may not be much better. Walking around the town and buying something back will only add a sum to the loss account, and some things are really waiting for use. So the streets became lively. Taste the psychology of a friend who wrote this sentence after the hope of an old felt hat was shattered. After the harvest, hope is shattered, and life will still make ends meet.

They dragged their short figures and walked in small groups on the narrow streets. Still muttering in his mouth, he recalculated the price he just got and cursed the rice noodles with a black conscience. A woman, with a basket in her arms or a child in one hand, just looks at the shops on both sides. The child was seduced by celluloid foreign animals, tigers, dogs, red, green, tin, bronze drums and tin horns and refused to go away. The smell of "dragging a short figure" implies that it is noon.

"Brother, it's fun, a bronze drum and a trumpet. Buy one, "he deliberately made a seductive tone. Then-winter, winter, winter,-beep, beep, beep.

Dang, dang, dang-"foreign porcelain basin scraping. There is one in each corner, which is fair. Folks, take one. "

"Hey, guys, there are all kinds of printed foreign fabrics, which are on sale. It's 8: 051foot, full size plus 3. Do you want to cut some back? "

Shopkeepers in Wanyuan Lane, Italy and Laofuxing all worked hard, shouting "villagers" at the expense of work, and at the same time pulling the cloth coat of "villagers" to pander. They know that only today, the "villagers" have bulging pockets, which is a good opportunity not to be missed. The tempting hawking set off the old felt hat that was shy after the harvest. "I will spare no effort" wrote the hypocrisy of these people.

After hesitating whether to save the budget, "villagers" handed the newly acquired banknotes to the store partners one by one. Matches and soap are necessities, so we must buy less. Foreign oil prices are too "biting" to listen to, so don't buy them, or sell them to vendors for ten coppers. As for the materials, if you are ready to cut two pieces, you can cut one piece, and if you are ready to cut the mother and son together, you can cut the son's. Egg-shaped goggles are in my hand and in the window. A wool hat was put on the child's head and tried on. As soon as I installed it, I gave my grandfather a "stop buying it" and took it off again. Write the flavor of "folks", reduce planned shopping, and only pick the ones that are badly needed. "One piece and two pieces" tells the helplessness of the villagers.

It is difficult for anyone who wants to buy a thermos to ask the price. Maybe a piece and a half. If you buy it back regardless of the willy-nilly, if nothing else, several white-haired old ladies and grandmothers will scold you in waves: "You have been greedy for comfort for years, and you have spent one and a half yuan on these things, so you will never turn over!" Look, who has used these things at our age! "This kind of repetitive is enough. Several women couldn't resist their children's desire, so they bought the cheapest ocean for their children. Xiaoyang's legs and arms can rotate. If you want him to sit down, if you want him to stand, you can raise your hand. This not only makes other children's eyes almost angry, but also makes adults feel strange and interested. Taste "I won't even ask the price". For them, hot water bottles are a luxury, because the income of brown rice is low.

"Villagers" also sold some wine, bought some meat from the cooked butcher's shop, returned to their own boat moored at the pier of Wansheng Rice Boat, took out plates filled with pickles and tofu soup from the top of the boat, and sat at the bow to start drinking. The woman is cooking at the top of the boat. After a while, the ship also smoked, and the ship also smoked, and everyone cried. The children rolled around in the empty cabin and picked up the dirty things floating on the river to play, but they had unspeakable happiness. Taste two "points", that is, less wine and less meat, indicating the disaster brought by bumper harvest to farmers, revealing the theme of the article from the side, and setting off the sadness of adults with the joy of children.

When wine is in your stomach, you talk a lot. Acquaintances and strangers all fall into the same fate and drink on the same river. You pick up the wine bowl and say a few words. I put down my chopsticks to pick them up. When I heard them, I shouted "Yes". When I didn't hear them, I scolded them: Everyone thought this was exactly what we needed to vent. Only by realizing that the poor people in the world are in the same boat and have common sufferings can we have a common language.

"Five dollars a load, what the hell!"

"Last year was a flood, the harvest was not good, and it was a loss. This year is a good year, a bumper harvest, or a loss! "

"This year's losses are more serious than last year; Only $7.5 last year. "

"I have to eat my own food again. Alas, farmers can't eat their own rice! " Taste this is the sorrow of the working people in that society.

"Why do you want to go out, you fool! I have to stay at home and support my wife and son. I don't pay rent, I'd rather go to court and lock them up! "

"Also had to not pay the rent. Pay the rent and borrow new debts immediately. Borrowed 45 cents to pay the rent. What are you greedy for? Are you greedy for heavy debts next year! " Taste shows that life is like this year after year.

"Tian Zhen is a great species!"

"Go back to rent escape. I feel full of freehand brushwork. "

"If you flee to the desert, you will be in debt and you won't have to solve the money. Good plan, let's go together! "

"Who comes out as a brain? Several people fled the country. Men, women and children, listen to their hearts. "

"I see, it's not bad to work in Shanghai. Xiao Wang is in our village, isn't he? Working in a factory in Shanghai, I heard that there are fifteen yuan a month. Fifteen dollars, according to today's price, is three tons of rice! "

"What are you doing every other year to turn over a calendar! Don't you know that when the Japanese fought in Shanghai, many factories were closed, and Xiao Wang was a beggar there? "

The road was cut off. There was silence for a while. That sauce-red face is ugly because of sunlight and alcohol, as if deep red blood would gush out from the skin. Taste the taste of "the road is cut off", and the working people have no way out at all.

"We farm every year, for whom?" A man sipped his wine and asked a light question. The word "taste" expresses people's confusion and also shows people's awakening.

Another person pointed to Wansheng's half-new and not-old gold-lettered signboard and said, "It's right here, it's for them.

We suffered, paid heavy interest, borrowed money and planted it. Their lips moved and said, "Five dollars a load!" Just swallowed our oil and water! It was Mihang who tasted "just around the corner". In fact, it was planted for that social system and for the bureaucrats and gentry.

"If only we could set our own prices. To be honest, I don't want more for eight dollars a load. " Taste is the lowest and most important requirement for farmers.

"You prisoner, what did you dream there! Didn't you hear? They opened a rice shop with capital and refused to work for us for nothing. "

"So, our land is also full of capital, why do you want to work for them in vain! Why do you want to work in Abel Tamata! " Taste this sentence shows the awakening of the working people's resistance consciousness, and they have understood that their labor has been exploited.

"I just thought this way in my room: now let you pick up the cheap and put the rice here; There is nothing to eat in the future, come and eat yours! " Deliberately lowering his voice, he slipped to the shore with red eyes. Taste resistance finally germinated.

"When there is nothing to eat, where can there be food? It is not illegal to get something to eat!" A confident voice.

"Didn't Qiao Feng grab rice this spring?"

"The guards shot and killed two people."

"People here today may also get shot, who knows!" Taste the word "righteously" and write the psychology and performance of the newly awakened working people.

Of course, there is no resolution in scattered conversations. The wine dried up and the meal was finished, and everyone returned to his village. Taste shows that working people all over the world are being exploited and oppressed, not just this town.

Dark green dirty water rippled on the dock of the ship.

The next day, another batch of open boats came here to anchor. The same story is being staged in this town. This kind of story is also staged in towns all over the world. It's really ordinary. It's ordinary. Try this sentence: "The dock is cold ... dirty water" belongs to environmental description. "Cold and clear" implies depression; "Dirty water" implies that society is dirty. Point out the ending of the story.

The old saying that "cheap grain hurts farmers" became the headline of the intercity newspaper.

The landlord found it difficult to collect rent, so he sent a message at the meeting. He said to the effect that the harvest is particularly abundant, the food is surplus, the food price is low, and the farmers are suffering, so they need to find a relief plan.

The financial department had to do business there, so it proposed a rescue plan:

(1) major banks and banks raise capital, buy grain and rice from all over the country, designate appropriate places for storage, and sell them one after another in the coming year to keep the rice price balanced;

(2) advocate the mortgage of grain and rice, so that rice merchants will not buy in groups, resulting in unlimited accumulation; (3) The financial department is responsible for raising funds, purchasing grain and rice, settling accounts after sales, and returning them respectively according to the profit and loss ratio.

The industry is quiet. When the price of rice is low, workers can avoid "rice stickers", which is beneficial to them.

It is a joke that social scientists publish papers in various magazines and put forward the theory of food surplus statistically and theoretically. It is not inevitable that "cheap grain hurts farmers". Even if food is not cheap, farmers will be hurt under the double oppression of imperialism and feudalism.

These are all things in the city, and I don't know anything about them in the "folks". Some of them cook their own rice, some sell poor cows, and some borrow 40 cents and 50 cents to pay the rent; Some stepped forward and were put in jail, paying for their own meals with pain, and some were addicted to gambling, hoping that Domino dice would be smart and win it ten dollars and eight dollars at a time; Some people put in a good word, take back the rent from the landlord and prepare to be a clean poor man; Some people slipped away and climbed on the fourth bus bound for Shanghai.

(released in July 1933, 1)

(Ye Shengtao's original works, Jiangsu Education Press, 1987)

In fact, for the description of the story in the novel, from the perspective of western economics, grain is an inelastic commodity. That is to say, if your price is high, we eat so much every day, and if your price is low, we still eat so much every day. When the harvest is good, the supply of food is far higher than the demand, and the natural price will fall. This theory is "cheap grain hurts farmers", which is inevitable everywhere. So now the country will have a "support price" for agricultural products (. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the grain policy and grain market have been changing constantly. From the Republic of China to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China (liberated areas) until now, the domestic grain market has undergone earth-shaking changes.

China's grain market has experienced 70 years of ups and downs, such as market price, listing price, land reform, unified purchase and marketing, contract order (dual track system), protective price+marketization, temporary storage and marketization+minimum purchase price. From the grain management office and the grain depot. Then to the development of trading models such as trading centers and futures spot trading platforms. All the changes are related to national policies. (Corn Jianghu Hu Xiaodong)