From the national level, how can China seize the opportunity, meet the challenge and achieve leapfrog development?

First, the historical opportunity brought by the current international economic environment to China's modernization.

(1) Economic globalization has provided a broad platform for China's opening to the outside world, and the space for participating in international division of labor and cooperation is even broader. For a country, participating in international division of labor can make full use of its own resources, give play to its own advantages, effectively use foreign resources and technologies, make up for its own shortcomings and promote economic development. The deeper, closer and wider participation in international division of labor and international cooperation will create more new productive forces. Economic globalization has created the basic premise and conditions for all countries in the world to participate in the international division of labor, and given us a broader development space. China actively participates in economic cooperation and coordination in the Asia-Pacific region, and advocates realizing economic cooperation between ASEAN and China, joining the World Trade Organization, and integrating into the world economic system, so that China can absorb and learn from the achievements of foreign civilizations and accelerate the pace of developing China's economy. In addition, the increasingly unified international market and fierce international competition will also provide greater impetus for China's economy. In a sense, economic globalization has established a broader stage of economic competition that breaks national boundaries. Countries and enterprises will show their talents on the stage of economic globalization and participate in international competition, which will be more conducive to promoting the continuous optimization and progress of China products, encouraging China enterprises to make continuous progress and accept the test of international competition.

(2) The global capital market provides convenience to make up for the capital shortage in China. Lack of funds has always been the bottleneck that hinders China's economic development and affects the realization of modernization. Introducing foreign capital is an important way to solve the problem of capital shortage in China. Economic globalization has promoted the formation of global capital market, accelerated the flow of funds around the world, and provided convenient conditions and possibilities for countries to introduce capital. Especially with the rapid development of information technology and the appearance of new financial instruments or products, the international financial market is unprecedentedly active, and many funds waiting for investment opportunities have to seek the best rate of return in the international financial market. The emergence of these situations has provided a good opportunity for China to solve the problem of shortage of construction funds. In recent years, China's annual foreign investment scale is about 40 billion US dollars, and it has been the second largest foreign investment importer in the world after the United States for many years, which has promoted the rapid development of the domestic economy.

(3) The adjustment of international industrial structure provides favorable conditions for accelerating the upgrading of industrial structure in China. The global flow of production factors has caused a worldwide wave of industrial restructuring and industrial transfer. Developed countries concentrate on developing high value-added knowledge-intensive industries led by information technology, seize the commanding heights of the global industrial structure, and transfer labor-intensive industries or traditional industries to developing countries or regions. China, with abundant human resources and low labor costs, is an ideal place for multinational companies to transfer international industries. It has created conditions for China to introduce advanced science and technology and management experience, participate in the adjustment of international industrial structure, and accelerate the modernization process of China. It is impossible for China to realize the evolution of industrialization, service industry and knowledge-based society step by step in more than 200 years like western countries, but we should see that China has the conditions and opportunities to complete the transformation from an agricultural society to an industrial society and promote the historical process of industrial society to the post-industrial era.

(d) The global exchange and dissemination of science and technology provides an opportunity for China to attract foreign advanced science and technology to realize its leap-forward development strategy. The development of science and technology in the world knows no borders, and it is impossible for any country, any group or any individual to completely monopolize and control the spread of new technologies. Even if we can control and monopolize scientific and technological achievements for a certain period of time, we can't control and monopolize them forever. Scientific and technological achievements that have become commodities and can enter the market will eventually be combined with some industries and spread to the world through their own transmission mechanism. It is possible for backward countries to use imported advanced technology to leapfrog or shorten the development stage of traditional industries and catch up with advanced countries.

Second, the current international economic environment has brought severe challenges to China's modernization drive.

As a latecomer to modernization and market economy, from the perspective of international economic comparison, China's overall economic development level is still low, and its international economic competitiveness is still weak, but its participation in international economic division of labor is high, foreign trade and utilization of foreign capital are growing rapidly, and its dependence on international capital, technology, resources and markets is increasing year by year. The unbalanced state of high dependence on foreign countries and low competitiveness makes China's self-protection ability to participate in international economic competition relatively weak, which makes us encounter a series of problems and even threats in the current international economic environment.

(A) the impact of industrial structure and market. In today's world economic system, China is still a developing country on the edge of the international division of labor system, and its industrial structure is still dominated by low-level industries with labor-intensive industries, which is perpendicular to the main division of labor in developed countries. At the same time, due to China's relatively high dependence on foreign trade and capital, there is a high concentration in the structure of foreign trade export products, export market distribution and the structure of foreign capital source countries, which makes China's economic development vulnerable to the adverse impact of the economic development cycle of developed countries and the impact of world economic fluctuations. Holding and technology monopoly in foreign direct investment often make domestic high-tech industries and product markets controlled by multinational companies, and the preferential policies enjoyed by foreign-invested enterprises will also squeeze the development of domestic enterprises in the same industry, posing a threat to China's national industries and industrial security to some extent.

(2) There are hidden dangers in the safety of funds. Although on the whole, China's current financial system is basically safe. Before the Asian financial crisis, the China government attached great importance to economic security in the financial sector and adopted a series of policies and measures to strengthen the supervision of financial institutions and financial markets. However, in the long run, the security of China's financial system is still an important area of economic security. The lessons of the financial crisis in East Asia and Southeast Asia show that financial security is the most complicated and important part of economic security. With the further expansion of China's opening to the outside world, the financial market is bound to be further opened, and international financial risks will be easily introduced into China; The further opening of the financial market will inevitably make China's financial enterprises face fierce competition from foreign financial enterprises. The competitive advantages of developed countries in service industry and financial industry are very obvious. Compared with the developed countries in the international financial market, China's financial enterprises have a considerable gap in management mode, financial technology and financial talents. The entry of foreign financial enterprises into China will also increase the difficulty of financial supervision. Once there are problems in the domestic economy, or the inflow of foreign capital suddenly decreases, or speculative capital takes the opportunity to flood in, it will lead to a serious financial crisis, which will seriously impact the national economy and pose a potential threat to economic security.

(3) Forced to accept some unfavorable and unfamiliar international systems and rules. For a long time, developed countries have formulated an international economic order that meets their own needs in order to realize and safeguard their own interests. In order to participate in the international economic system, developing countries must abide by existing international treaties and practices and make some concessions on economic sovereignty, which will weaken the economic sovereignty of developing countries. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization and the acceleration of its integration into economic globalization, China will also be forced to accept some international systems and rules formulated by the West, which are not only harsh on itself, but also unfamiliar to itself. In some aspects, it is necessary to adjust the economic management mode, foreign economic policies and legal rules in accordance with international rules, which will also affect China's autonomy in formulating economic policies and implementing economic development strategies to a certain extent.

(d) The influence of external unfavorable factors on economic and social stability. Economic globalization makes all countries in the world become a unified economic operation body, and the conductivity and diffusion of economy are expanding day by day. With the acceleration of China's economic opening and integration into the world economy, China's economy will not only have an impact on the world economy, but also accept various variables transmitted by the world economy, and the influence of external resources and markets on China's economic development will continue to increase; Participating in economic globalization means more opportunities, but it also means great risks. The fluctuation of the world economy will quickly affect the development of China's domestic economy, and all kinds of bad factors will quickly spread to China, which will constitute a fierce impact. 200 1 The recession of American economy has affected the development of the whole world economy, and China's foreign exports have also been greatly affected. The fluctuation of the world oil market price also directly affects the domestic oil price. In addition, China will also face ideological challenges. With the help of economic globalization, western capitalist countries promote the globalization of western political models and promote western ideas to China through various channels of economic globalization. The fast and open Internet provides a platform for the infiltration of western ideas and cultures. How to deal with the ideological and political offensive launched by hostile forces with the help of economic globalization is an unavoidable major challenge.

In a word, the development of China in 2 1 century cannot be separated from the world, and the development of the world also needs the progress of China. At present, the international economic environment makes us face rare historical opportunities and severe challenges and tests. As long as we seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, make full use of the opportunities brought by the new economy, clearly understand and guard against possible unfavorable factors and risks, and constantly enhance international competitiveness, we will certainly improve our comprehensive national strength and realize the strategic goal of socialist modernization at an early date.