The battle of the yuan dynasty-a war initiated by Kublai Khan.

Kublai Khan is another famous Mongolian leader after Genghis Khan. He led the well-trained and highly effective Mongolian fighters to the north and south, and finally dominated Eurasia, establishing the largest dynasty in China history-Dayuan Dynasty. As soon as the Dayuan Dynasty was established, it made an earth-shattering anti-Japanese event and launched the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Different from other Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, this war was a war in which Japanese troops crossed the sea to attack Japanese mainland, and it was also the only war in China's history to launch against China as an aggressor. Because China was in power in the Yuan Dynasty, the Japanese called this war "Mongolian attack".

background

After the destruction of gold, Kublai Khan ascended the throne in the Central Plains on 1260, to compete with the Southern Song regime.

Mongols are a fierce people who grew up on the grassland and advocate military conquest. After establishing political power, they demanded that neighboring countries and ethnic minorities obey them. China's neighboring countries, frightened by the force of the Yuan Dynasty, were wise to make friends with the envoys of the Yuan Dynasty, with the exception of Japan, and there was no practical action to make friends with the Yuan Dynasty. This is something that Kublai Khan, who used to be overbearing, could not tolerate.

Other countries know the times. Why are you an exception?

1266, Kublai Khan sent an envoy to visit Japan accompanied by North Korean officials with only one purpose, that is, to ask Japan to send an envoy quickly.

Kublai Khan made a rational response to Japan in his credentials, allowing Japan to associate with China as an equal country, and stated that as long as Japanese envoys are good, China will strengthen trade with Japan, exchange needed commodities, and give Japan some economic help. Finally, he threatened that he would use force against Japan if it could not persist.

This credential is reasonable and gives Japan enough face. Kublai Khan believed that when the credentials arrived in Japan, they would be sent to Japan immediately, and normal state rulers would also send envoys to Japan with the times. But Kublai Khan was wrong this time. At this time, the ruler of Japan was a man of great personality. He didn't play cards according to the routine at all, and he ignored the credentials of the Yuan Dynasty.

At this time, Japan was in the Tokugawa period of Kamakura era, and Japan was in power as a soldier. Military commanders who practice martial arts all the year round are different from those knowledgeable and calculating civil servants. They are generally simple-minded and well-developed in limbs.

Sejong of Chai Tian, who was in power at this time, was such a person. He is used to arrogance. He didn't carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of associating with Yuan, so he refused Kublai Khan's request for association. The intimidation at the end of Kublai Khan's credentials aroused the competitive spirit of the Northern Sect. He said he wouldn't get along with you. I am very angry with you. If you dare to hit me, I'll fight you to the death. I'm afraid you won't succeed. See how naive this idea is.

In this way, Kublai Khan's first envoy failed.

1668 Kublai Khan was unwilling to send envoys to Japan again, but the Japanese side remained indifferent. The reply to Kublai Khan was even more ironic, saying that he had never heard of what Mongolia was talking about.

They say that the more you can't get, the more you want. Kublai Khan sent envoys or letters to communicate with Japan through North Korea many times, and all the methods he could use were used. However, Japan has been unable to promote oil and salt and has adopted an attitude of ignoring it. Instead, it strengthened local defense preparations and resisted the attack of the Yuan Dynasty.

Kublai Khan fought invincible in the south and the north. People always bow to him. Today, he offered to be nice but put his hot face on Japan's cold ass.

Kublai Khan was very angry. He believes that the irrationality of Japan, a small island country, has hurt the self-esteem of Dayuan Dynasty. If the tiger is not arrogant, you think I am a sick cat, so he decided to teach Japan a lesson.

The Japanese War was launched against this background.

If you ask me, Kublai Khan and Sejong Kitajima are both extreme people, too competitive.

Kublai Khan's perfectionism is so strong that it should be called forced thinking in modern psychology. This is the same reason that people with cleanliness can't tolerate a little bacteria to wash their hands repeatedly. Japan's failure to get rid of Kublai Khan will not lead to a lack of meat, nor will it affect the development and reputation of the Yuan Dynasty. But Kublai Khan could not bear this so-called stain psychologically and had to use extreme methods to solve the problem.

Master Kitajima is more like an immature child. He did not think rationally about the advantages and disadvantages of establishing diplomatic relations with the Yuan Dynasty, nor did he think about the benefits of trading with the Yuan Dynasty. On the contrary, he was just angry and asked you to hit me. I'm afraid you don't think so.

Therefore, the Japanese Yen War was a joke played by Kublai Khan and Sejong Kitajima with the lives of tens of thousands of soldiers.

The first expedition

1274, Kublai Khan was angered by Japan's irrationality and decided to launch a war of aggression against Japan. He was going to do it.

Kublai Khan made full preparations for this war. Fighting is no joke. We don't take Japan seriously strategically, but we should pay attention to each other tactically.

Kublai Khan ordered Wang Jian of Korea to build 900 ships, which should be completed within a time limit, or pay in hell.

Korean king knew that Kublai Khan was not a good-natured person and dared not disobey his orders publicly. However, the task given by Kublai Khan was really arduous, which made the Korean people complain. Even if they get up early and are insatiable, they can't finish the tasks arranged above, so they dare to play tricks in the dark. So the Koreans cut corners on shipbuilding and built ships that did not meet the requirements of maritime navigation, which laid the foundation for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's failure. Such a ship will not capsize when it goes out to sea.

Fortunately, the Yuan Army is a landlubber, not proficient in water warfare and ignorant of shipbuilding technology. Therefore, King Koryo deceived Kublai Khan with unqualified products.

After the ship was built in Korea, all kinds of military food were ready.

On June 3rd, 65438/KLOC-0, a total of 32,300 Mong-Han Koryo troops led by Xindu and General Liu Fuheng set out from Koryo for an expedition to Japan.

/kloc-in June of 0/6, the expeditionary force approached the coastal islands of Japan. Although Japan has also strengthened its coastal defense, it is impossible to guard the coastal areas neatly because there are too many places where Japan can land and its troops are scattered. Therefore, the Japanese army had to fight in a hurry after encountering the Yuan Army. The Japanese army lost the first battle and hundreds of warriors were killed.

On the 20th, the Yuan Army forcibly landed in Hakata Bay, Japan, and the two sides launched an offensive and defensive war along the coast.

At this time, the Japanese army still used the tactics of China in the Three Kingdoms period, and the scene appeared as in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. After the two sides lined up, a samurai with high martial arts rushed out of the Japanese samurai team to call in front of our army, shouting who would beat me, fantasizing about killing a tiger general of the Yuan army, and then a large group of people came over to annihilate the Yuan army in one fell swoop.

China at this time is not the Three Kingdoms period. The Yuan army simply ignored the call of the Japanese army, and the soldiers of the Yuan army did Sarah laugh. This idiot is still playing one-on-one combat.

Seeing that the provocation failed, the Japanese samurai led the Japanese samurai to cover and kill them in great anger. This time, the Yuan army began to move, firing arrows, shooting guns and drumming, and everything was in order.

Although the Japanese samurai were shocked, they were not scared silly, but the war horse couldn't stand this shock. It does not know any military discipline. With the instinct of animals, Japanese samurai often fall under the horse when the horse turns around.

The Japanese army couldn't resist the joint attack of the Yuan army with guns and arrows, and the battle with the Yuan army was broken at the touch of a button.

The defeat of the Japanese army is not accidental, and the combat effectiveness of China and Japan is very different.

Let's start with China. Among the joint armies composed of Mongols, Han Chinese and Koreans, the Mongolian army has the strongest fighting capacity.

Mongolian men who grew up on the grassland are very talented militarily. They are all standard soldiers' physique and have received Kublai Khan's strict military training. Therefore, all of them are brave and good at fighting, and the cavalry has the potential to step over a thousand miles.

Tactics were also very advanced at that time. Every time I fight with the Japanese army, I beat drums and sounded gold, clamoring for progress, which made the Japanese war horse very unaccustomed. People often turn around and run wildly before fighting horses, which makes the Japanese formation chaotic and gives the Yuan Army many opportunities.

Yuan Jun's bow and arrow is very lethal, with a range of nearly 200 steps, which can penetrate the heavy armor of the Japanese army. Moreover, the arrow is coated with poison, and the immortal can't be saved after being shot.

What scares the Japanese most is the iron cannon, the gunpowder weapon of the Yuan Army, nicknamed Zhentianlei. It is a common weapon for the Yuan army to attack the city. It was invincible at that time. The roar of the cannon directly frightened the Japanese samurai.

Look at the samurai army in Japan. At that time, although Japan was ruled by the shogunate, there were not many troops controlled by the shogunate. During the war, he had to rely on the local strength faction developed from the manor system. Japan's forces against the Yuan Army were also patched together by local samurai forces.

They were led by different leaders and formed a team of hundreds of people to participate in the war. The combat effectiveness of such troops is also uneven. Although some samurai units have strong combat capabilities, the combat effectiveness of the army is generally weak.

Because they are fighting in their own way like scattered sand, there is no cohesion at all, and they can't play their fighting capacity. Warriors also advocate one-on-one tactics and don't pay attention to teamwork, so they become loose sand in loose sand. Such troops are no match for the Yuan Army at all.

In the battle, the overall momentum of the Yuan army overwhelmed the Japanese army. Unfortunately, Liu Fuheng, a general of the Yuan Army, was shot and killed by the Japanese when he inspected the front line in the battle that day. After the commander-in-chief was injured by the arrow, the Yuan army was frustrated and the headquarters decided to retreat to the ship to have a rest.

There were unexpected events in the sky, but there was a typhoon when the Yuan army was resting that night. The unqualified products made in Korea hurt everyone. More than 200 ships of Yuan Army were destroyed by wind and waves, and half of the soldiers were there, but he died before he could conquer them.

The generals of the yuan army thought it was a natural disaster and manpower could not control it. The number of military personnel has also been reduced by more than half, and it is no longer possible to fight. The Commander-in-Chief of the Yuan Army could only order the rest of the ships to retreat to China, and the first Japanese war of the Yuan Army ended hastily.

The second expedition

Although the emperor holds a high position, he only has a pair of eyes and ears. After the commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army returned to China, he reported to Kublai Khan the good news of his country's defeat. Kublai Khan believed it and gave it to the three armed forces.

In fact, Kublai Khan invaded Japan for the first time only to scare Japan, but he did not have the determination to destroy Japan. He got the good news that China's army won, and thought that Japan should be docile after this lesson, so he sent envoys to Japan again to make Japan better.

When Sejong Kitajima learned of the arrival of Yuan Shi, he was furious. In order to completely cut off Kublai Khan's idea of getting through, he beheaded all the 30 members of the Yuan delegation. Sejong Kitajima did this for two purposes, one was to fight Kublai Khan, and the other was to show his martial arts.

When the two countries are at war, we can only describe his behavior as short-sighted or frivolous. He achieved his goal. His complete success really angered Kublai Khan, but it also laid the groundwork for his downfall. War is the most expensive thing, and his rule declined after Kublai Khan's second expedition.

After learning that the Japanese court killed Yuanshi, Kublai Khan couldn't help it any longer. 1279 After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, he decided to send more elite soldiers to Japan again. If it was just a scare last time, it didn't mean to kill them all. It would be cruel to raze the Japanese island this time.

128 1 year, the preparations for the expedition were completed, and140,000 yuan troops entered the Japanese archipelago in two ways. This time, we can see Kublai Khan's determination to destroy Japan from his strength.

In early July, the two Yuan armies successfully joined forces near Hirado, Japan, and arrived in Daying Island, Japan in late July. The vanguard troops of our army fought hand-to-hand with the Japanese navy stationed here, and the Japanese army did not retreat to the island until the main force of our army arrived.

However, on the night of July 30, when a large-scale attack was about to take place on Daying Island, I don't know whether it was by accident or fate, the Yuan warships were attacked by a typhoon again.

The officers and men of the Yuan army lack knowledge of the sea, and have seen the omen of the future typhoon, and they don't know how to go ashore to avoid it. After being hit by a typhoon, most of the ships sank and the Yuan Army was defeated without fighting. The Mongolian army suffered the most losses, with more than half of the casualties and most of the ships destroyed.

Although the commander-in-chief of the yuan army felt timid, he saw that he had lost his fighting spirit and had no intention of fighting again. Man proposes, God disposes. The Yuan army packed up the beaten army and retreated hastily. Because most of the ships were destroyed and a complete division could not be formed, about 30 thousand soldiers were abandoned on the island of Japan. They were besieged by the Japanese army and most of them were killed.

In this way, the Second Japanese War was declared a failure in nature's practical jokes. I don't know whether the Yuan army was too backward in thinking and encountered a typhoon or whether the ship didn't have the ability to sail. It can be said that there are both factors.

In short, the two wars that Japan conquered failed, and Japan escaped. Without the help of Kamikaze special forces, Japan would be in danger, because with the strength of the Yuan Army at that time, it was still possible to destroy Japan. Unfortunately, history cannot be assumed.

This article was published on 20 17 and 15 weeks by Sohu from the media account of "Interesting History Lecture Hall".