Introduce about 400 words of Quanzhou Nanyin.

Quanzhou Nanyin originated in the Tang Dynasty and was formed in the Song Dynasty. It is mainly popular in southern Fujian, Taiwan Province Province and Nanyang Islands where overseas Chinese live.

Quanzhou Nanyin: also known as Nanqu, Nanyue, Nanguan and Xianguan, it is known as the "living fossil" of music culture. In the Tang Dynasty, pipa was widely used with a plectrum and held horizontally. Quanzhou Nanyin has maintained this inheritance so far.

The clappers used by Nanyin are the same as those used in Dunhuang murals.

Nanqu is mainly popular in Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Longxi and Xiamen, and is also popular in places where overseas Chinese live in Taiwan Province Province and Nanyang Islands.

It is generally believed that Nanqu originated in the Tang Dynasty and was formed in the Song Dynasty:

(1) According to documents, in the first year of Guangqi (885), Wang Chao and Wang led troops into Fujian, and Daqu was circulated among the people with them.

Daqu and local folk music interact and absorb each other, forming a unique "Southern Music".

(2) Pipa, the main instrument of Nanqu, plays obliquely.

The flute used is strictly defined as one foot eight inches.

The postures and shapes of these two musical instruments are consistent with those of the old Tang people.

(3) There are many tunes in Nanqu with the same names as Daqu and Faqu in Tang Dynasty.

Such as Mahadule, Midnight Song, Qingping Music, Liangzhou Music, Brahman and so on.

(4) The five famous dramas of Southern Opera in Song Dynasty: Chai Jing Ji, The White Rabbit, Moon Worship, Killing Dogs and Pipa Ji, were also sung in Southern Music.

The spread of Nanqu among the people depends on the inheritance and spread of mass organizations.

Since the Qing Dynasty, societies have been established in Quanzhou, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Anxi and other places, with professional teachers teaching.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, many Nanyin research societies and Nanyin research societies have been established.

Also set up a professional Nanqu Orchestra.

Characteristics of Nanyin

Nanqu music includes three categories: finger, score and music, with different notation. Band combinations are divided into "upper four pipes" and "lower four pipes".

Nanqu music includes "finger, score and music";

"Zhi" is a kind of Daqu with words and music, which indicates the fingering of pipa.

"Music" is an instrumental music score with no words for pipa fingering.

The original thirteen sets were increased to sixteen sets; There are sixteen sets of scores in Nanqu, of which four are the most famous: Four Seasons, Plum Blossoms, Walking (Eight Horses) and Returning to the Nest.

"Qu" is Sanqu (also known as Caoqu), which occupies a large proportion in Nanqu music, with more than a thousand songs.

The harmony of Gongchi used in Nanqu is unique, and it is a unique musical form, including "X (the vulgar writing of rulers), Gong, Liu, Tu and-".

These five words stand for "Gong, Shang, Jiao, Qian and Yu" in turn.

Adopt a fixed roll call method.

The band combination of Nanqu has a fixed form, which is divided into "upper four pipes" and "lower four pipes".

① The above four test tubes are divided into two different combinations of "orifice tube" and "quality control":

Cave pipes-cave flute, two-stringed instrument, pipa, three-stringed instrument and clapper.

Quality control-There are five kinds of flutes, namely, two strings, pipa, three strings and castanets.

② There are ten kinds of the next four musical instruments, namely Nanwa (alto suona), Pipa, Sanxian, Erxian, Xiangzhan, Dog Barking, Tudor (Muyu), Four Treasures of the Study, Sheng (two bells) and Pinggu, so they are also called "Ten Tones".

Yunluo, bronze bell, hairpin and sheng are useful in Huian area.

The upper four pipes belong to the Sizhu band, and the lower four pipes belong to the percussion band.

Quanzhou Nanyin has a profound and rich historical and cultural accumulation.

It spread from the Central Plains to southern Fujian, and these central plains music and southern Fujian local music infiltrated and merged with each other, giving birth to Quanzhou Nanyin.

Quanzhou was the famous largest port in the East in the Song Dynasty, which attracted a large number of Chinese and foreign businessmen and literati. Its economy was quite developed and cultural exchanges were frequent, showing a prosperous scene of "thousands of people singing together".

Gu's masterpiece "The Night Banquet of Han Xizai in Southern Tang Dynasty" can prove this point.

Quanzhou Nanyin consists of three parts: score, finger and song.

Spectrum is the remains of Tang Daqu, and the content of ci is mostly related to opera, and the structural form of qu is directly related to Yuan Qu.

Quanzhou Nanyin also absorbed Buddhist songs, Taoist feelings, Chu songs, Wu Ge, Chaodiao and Minnan local music, as well as Yiyang, Qingyang and Kunqu.

The position of Quanzhou Nanyin singing is fixed as follows: the singer holds the clapper; On its left, there is a flute above and two stringed instruments below; On the right, the pipa is on the top and the three strings are on the bottom.

The singing program is fixed as "finger at the end of the spectrum", that is to say, a group or a fold of "fingers" must be played at the beginning, and "Javert" must be played at the end; Intermediate singing should also be carried out in the order of "supporting the head"

To "open a song", that is, each branch must have a lead singer, and the songs he sings belong to which branch, and others must follow the songs of this branch.

If you change your head, you must sing "The Song of Support" as the transition and connection of the turning point.

After the last one finished singing, the next one continued to sing with a clapper, and the accompaniment instrument was basically uninterrupted.

Musical instruments have their own rules. Pipa is a teacher and plays the role of conducting a band. The sum of three strings, such as "harmony and sound"; As for the relationship between Dong Xiao and Erxian, Dong Xiao is the main one, and Erxian is the auxiliary one. "The flute bites the string, and the string enters the flute", that is, the so-called "silk and bamboo are more harmonious, and those who hold the festival sing".

Nanyin has always maintained the ancient rhyme of the ancient Central Plains, both in performance form and music content, and has high research value and appreciation value.

Representative songs "Eight Horses" and "Plum Blossom Exercise" and so on.

At present, Quanzhou has decided to declare Quanzhou Nanyin as a "World Heritage" (UNESCO's "masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of mankind"), and "Quanzhou Nanyin Research" has been included in the "Central Asia-East-West Cultural Dialogue" project plan by UNESCO's multicultural department.