Who can talk about the current development of the ozone hole?

The harm caused by ozone layer destruction is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

1) on human health. Ultraviolet rays play a beneficial role in promoting the synthesis of vitamin D on skin and the formation and protection of bone tissue. However, excessive exposure to ultraviolet B (λ = 280 ~ 320 nm) among ultraviolet rays (λ = 200 ~ 400 nm) will cause eye diseases such as skin cancer, immune system and cataract. It is estimated that stratospheric O3 will decrease 1% (that is, ultraviolet B will increase by 2%) and the incidence of skin cancer will increase by 4% ~ 6%. According to the fact that about 654.38+million people die of skin cancer every year in the world, the number of people who die of skin cancer will increase by about 5,000 every year. More than 50% skin diseases of light-skinned people in areas exposed to the sun for a long time are induced by the sun, that is, light-skinned people are more likely to suffer from various skin cancers induced by the sun than people of other races. In addition, ultraviolet rays can lead to premature skin aging.

2) Effects on plants. In the past 10 years, scientists have conducted experiments on increasing ultraviolet radiation of more than 200 varieties of plants, and found that two-thirds of them are sensitive. 90% of the plants in the experiment are crop varieties, among which beans such as peas and soybeans, melons such as pumpkins, tomatoes and Chinese cabbage are particularly sensitive to ultraviolet rays (peanuts, wheat and other plants have better resistance). Generally speaking, seedlings are more sensitive than vegetative tissues such as leaves. Ultraviolet radiation will make the leaves of plants smaller, thus reducing the effective area of capturing sunlight for photosynthesis and reducing the yield. The preliminary study on soybean showed that ultraviolet radiation would make soybean more vulnerable to weeds and diseases and insect pests, and the yield would decrease. At the same time, ultraviolet B can change the regeneration ability and harvest quality of some plants, and the long-term biological significance of this change (especially the genetic change) is quite far-reaching.

3) Impact on aquatic system. The increase of ultraviolet B is also potentially dangerous to aquatic system. Most aquatic plants grow near the water surface, and the photosynthesis of these small phytoplankton at the bottom of the marine ecological food chain is most easily weakened (about 60%), thus endangering the whole ecosystem. Enhanced ultraviolet B can also change the freshwater ecosystem by destroying microorganisms in water, thus weakening the natural purification of water. Enhanced ultraviolet B can also kill young fish, shrimps and crabs. The results showed that about 8% of the young fish died when the amount of ozone was reduced by 9%.

4) Influence on other aspects. Excessive ultraviolet rays will accelerate the aging of plastics and increase the photochemical smog in the city. In addition, the increase of trace gases that cause ozone layer destruction, such as Freon, CH4 and N2O, will also cause the greenhouse effect.

Additional reference

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