Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi talk about friendship.

On Ouyang Xiu's and Su Shi's Forget-the-Year Behavior from Yingzhou Party.

Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi are two dazzling stars in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the poetry innovation movement, Ouyang Xiu was a brave and fearless standard bearer, and Su Shi was a veritable pioneer. They United a group of talented writers respectively and jointly created the literary glory of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the history of China's literary development, the masters of Europe and the Soviet Union forgot to pay tribute, which is also a much-told story in the literary world. They met in Yingzhou, Xining for four years and became the talk of literati.

First, Yingzhou is full of poetry.

Since Jiayou's two-year ritual examination, the contact between Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi has never stopped, and new gains have been made. Even after Ogun's death, Su Shi maintained friendly contacts with his descendants. However, when the long lens of history turned to Yingzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty to focus on exploration, people were surprised to find that the writer Ouyang Xiu and his later superstar Su Shi, after suffering, made their last time here with their immortal poetic achievements.

In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), in the late spring and early summer, Ouyang Xiulian made a "three-word" resignation and retired. On June 1 1, he was awarded the position of Bachelor of Guan Wendian and Prince Shao Shi, and chose Yingzhou as a "blessed land" for providing for the aged. Su Shi immediately presented "Enlightening an Official with Ouyang Shao Shi", wishing this "career has the hope of three dynasties". He also bluntly said that "the teacher is the most learned, and he knows his methods", and he thanked his teacher Dai again. At the same time, Su Shi voluntarily gave up his promotion right in Kaifeng and moved to the prominent position of Doctor Taichang, and insisted on begging for help, but eventually he had to get rid of Hangzhou. In July this year, Su Shi left Beijing for Hangzhou, passing through Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) to meet Su Zhe, a professor of government studies in Hangzhou.

As we all know, as early as March of the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1049) to July of the following year, Ouyang Xiu invited himself to know Yingzhou. Since then, he has lived in Yingzhou for a short time, thought about Yingzhou for a long time, and returned to Yingzhou after retirement, thus leaving a lot of poems about Zhi Ying and Ying Si. Later, he specially wrote Preface to Ying Si's Poems and Preface to Continuing Thinking about Yingzhou [Su Shi stayed in Yuan You for six years (109 1) from August to March of the following year, and invited himself to know Yingzhou, leaving a lot of articles about Yingzhou and thinking about Yingzhou in the future. In the past half century, although the masters of Europe and the Soviet Union were different, they were attracted by the same Yingzhou, and they all sang Yingzhou with hundreds of poems. This is not a coincidence, but a real reason. At that time, it was at the crossroads of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) leading to the south of the Yangtze River, and its rich historical and cultural accumulation made it a place that literati yearned for. Ou Su people's knowledge and thoughts objectively describe their life and communication here, truly describe the local conditions and customs here, and forever engrave their virtues (such as building water conservancy projects) in their hearts. ). This is a precious historical and cultural heritage they left to Yingzhou people.

The West Lake in Yingzhou is Ogun's favorite. As early as when Huang You first learned about Yingzhou, he wrote poems such as "When I first arrived at Yingzhou West Lake, I planted a lotus and a boxwood", "Boating on the West Lake" and "West Lake Opera" to send friends or show my fellow travelers [2]. There are more than ten chapters in Reading the West Lake and Picking Mulberries praising the elegance of the West Lake [3].

It is said that the male will be as strong as snow, and the male will be old and red.

Come to the lake to drink, and the play is still fierce after being drunk.

Flowers and trees near the lake are newly frosted, and hibiscus and late chrysanthemum are blooming.

Flower arranging and dancing are public life, and public discourse is as crazy as the wind.

It is not evil to swim red pine, and no one can swallow the fairy medicine on an empty stomach.

I gave God a birthday, but he worked hard and enjoyed it.

In the city, the twilight is getting thicker and the silver candle shines on the lake.

Don't bother to persuade people to drink, sit and not be happy to appease Zheng [5].

The radiant Ou Gong can't hide his pride in the face of the beautiful scenery of plants stained with frost and lotus flowers in full bloom. When the two sides talked about the current situation when the new law was first implemented, their words were fierce. But when it comes to the topic of immortality, it adds a mixed feeling. In his later years, Su Shi recalled that the image of Europe he saw this time was "I am pregnant with you at the age of sixty-one, and my eyebrows are like spring mountains." I'm wearing crane cream. I have made this portrait so far, and I am afraid to retreat and add flowers "[6]. This can prove that Su Shi mentioned above "refers to many people and must be strong."

Su Zhe also wrote a poem "Accompany Ouyang Shao Shi to chant the West Lake in Ying Zhou, Yan Shu", praising "The West Lake is planted with vegetation, and benevolent people really make Gan Tang heavy. When he came back, he built a house near the east of the lake, and he won the tour of the whole country. The writing is true and simple.

Ou Gong shared a stone screen, so he asked Su Shi and Su Zhe to write a poem about things. The third volume of Luan Cheng Ji also includes Su Zhe's poem Ouyang CCBA, which is light and poetic. Su Shi, on the other hand, wrote Ouyang Shiping with great momentum and fantastic ideas.

Who left ink and traces on the stone screen?

I didn't draw the giant grass in the long forest, but the solitary pine on the snow-capped mountain in Emei Mountain.

The cliff collapses and the stream collapses, and the lonely smoke and the sunset set each other off.

It contains the true state of the wind and depicts the beginning of xintian's job.

I'm afraid Bi Hong and Wei are dead and buried under Guo Shan.

God's ingenious thinking has nothing to do, and it has turned into a cloud stone.

Ancient painters were good, and their descriptions of things were similar to those of poets.

May the public comfort the unexpected with poetry, so that the second son will not be angry and cry in the secluded palace. [8]

Ouyang Xiu's stone screen was presented by a friend in the eighth year of Li Qing (1048): "A small version of the stone has the shape of a moon, the stone is purple, the moon is white, and there are trees in the middle of the moon, with dark words and old branches and leaves." Ou Gong thought it was a "strange thing" and asked the painter to process and depict a strange pine pattern on the stone. He also wrote a preface to describe the "strangeness" of this stone screen [9]. In those days, Mei Du and I sang poems in a pleasant manner [10], and Ogun's poems were full of elegance and philosophy. Twenty-four years later, Su Shi used the same theme as his poems, which was another style and intended to innovate.

The natural texture on purple stone is like an ink painting. Ou Gong regards it as a strange pine under the moon, like old branches and leaves. Su Shi compared it to the lonely sunset and the mountain scenery of cliff collapse, and connected it with the real solitary pine in Emei Snow Mountain in Shanxi Province, making Shiping more and more extraordinary. Shiping is from Meizhou (see Ouyang Xiu's Preface to the Song of the Moon Stone). His bones are rotten and his paintings are endless, so his heart is hard to be poor. His inspiration triggered his ingenious thinking, so he presented a wonderful scene of clouds and strange pines on Shiping. At the end of the poem, Su Shi persuaded Ouyang Xiu, the master of Shiping, to write a poem to comfort the lonely and angry gods of the two painters. The ancient style of this essay is full of romantic sentiment and is a successful example of thinking in images. The poet changed his previous writing style, freely expressed his thoughts and feelings, and broke through the shackles of metrical rules, just like the "long sentence thunder". From one word to nine words, the poem originated from' 300 pieces', and this poem' Painting solitary pines on the snow-capped mountains in Emei Mountain, Shanxi Province' has sixteen characters, which the ancient poet [1 1] did not have. "Su Shi is given priority to with seven words, among which there are nine words, eleven words and even sixteen words, and the miscellaneous words are uneven. It also made a new attempt for the innovation of poetry and prose. Perhaps it can be said that this is the last "test" of Ou Gong's poetic talent to Su Shi, and Su Shi also handed over an answer sheet that was enough to please Ou Gong, thus ending the reunion of Europe and the Soviet Union in Yingzhou and the mutual pity of poets. Poetry and painting make two generations relaxed and happy and closely connected.

Second, at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, I am happy.

Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi have a teacher-student relationship and are also friends of literature. They are 30 years apart in age, but they can forget each other. Through sincere and frank friends, Su Shi realized complementary advantages and mutual benefit, and naturally he benefited more. Here, we will give a few examples from other activities arranged by various parties in Europe and Su Ying in Xining for 20 days.

First of all, in view of Su Shi's coming to Hangzhou, Ouyang Xiu recommended his poetry friend Qin Hui, a monk from the West Lake, to introduce Su Shi to Qin Hui. Su Shi wrote in "Ming and Xu June 1st":

Ouyang Wenzhong, an old general, calls himself a "laity on June 1st". He once guarded Qiantang, but he saw Gong in your shadow, Nan. The duke said, "The West Lake monk is very diligent and good at writing poems. I once gave him three chapters of Joy in the Mountains. My son is idle in the civil affairs, but he can't get help from the mountain Lakers. So diligent? " For three days as an official, I visited the lonely mountain and reached the palm of my hand to discuss the characters. I said, "(Europe) people and Heaven were born temporarily in the world, but they didn't know that they were crossing the sea by clouds and crossing the five mountains. People in this state hate the public not coming; Why not blame octupole? Although the victory of mountains and rivers is based on discomfort, beauty and beauty are often used by people who can write. Therefore, I call the West Lake Gaigong case an ear. " Although diligent language is fantastic, it is reasonable. Next year, the public will cry in the thrifty home [12].

It should be pointed out that the communication between Ou Gong and Qin Hui is purely out of poetic friendship, and neither side has any utilitarian purpose. After a period of direct contact, Su Shi also felt that Qin Hui was really a "wise and knowledgeable person". Eighteen years later, when Su Shi came to Hangzhou again, Qin Hui had already passed away. However, after the old lecture hall where Su Shi and Qin Hui met, a "very white and sweet" spring suddenly appeared, and Su Shi named it "".

Secondly, Ouyang Xiu's words and deeds of being strict with himself and lenient with others infected Su Shi, expecting him to take pleasure in rewarding sages. Su Shi said in the Poems of Mr. Qian written for:

Therefore, Prince Ouyang Gong of Shao Shi is an excellent scholar, ranking first in the world. A scholar has a Chinese saying, and it is better to find it from a thousand miles than a scholar to seek the public. So he showed the heroes of the world incisively and vividly, and he was self-sufficient. However, those who lose a man's virtue will also taste it, and it will be too painful to cover it, which will make it difficult for those who know it. Willing to be open to a scholar is naturally not so tired. But he retired from floating on the water. He retired from old age. No, it's not. "ZhaiGong guest, responsible for the difference between life and death, workers, a rebellious. Zhai Gong has offended guests, and public crimes have benefited scholars, and saints are far ahead of the ancients. [ 13]

Su Shi is the beneficiary and witness of the talents recommended by Ouyang Xiu. He heard and witnessed Ou Gong's feat of "finding his way thousands of miles", rejoiced at his "showing his true colors as a hero in the world", and was also angry at some scholars' betrayal of Ou Gong without repaying his kindness. He speculated that Ou Gong's enthusiasm for recommending talents in his later years would be sharply reduced by occasional setbacks. Unexpectedly, Ou Gong, who retired to Ying, still wanted to use his personal reputation and influence to serve the sages of the world. So Su Shi remembered Tingwei Zhai Palace when Emperor Wen of Han was in office. When he was in office, the guests were crowded, and there were sparrows outside the back door when he dismissed from office. After the guests returned to their posts, Zhai Gong wrote to them: "Friendship is not known until you die; Poverty and wealth are a state of knowing each other; One is expensive, the other is cheap, and friendship is visible. " [14]. Su Shi thinks that Ou Gongxian is better than Zhai Gong, and he is tolerant. This is of great reference value to Su Shi, who has a bumpy career in the future.

Thirdly, Europe and the Soviet Union share the same poems and have different opinions on aesthetics. "Continued ink people waving rhinoceros" Volume 4 said:

Dongpo tasted Ouyang Gong's poems and said, "Beauty sits in a fan and is ashamed to spend in the court." Ou Gong smiled and said, "This sentence is unnecessary, but this sentence can be answered."

There are similar records in the first volume of Cold Zhai Night Talk, Dongpo Literature and SmithKline. For the textual research of Confucius' modern people, "or current events for this", see Su Shi Chronicle, Volume 10. According to the article (10 18- 1079), he was a painter, writer and writer in the northern song dynasty. When she is ill, beauty will cover her face. " It is morbid beauty, which describes the softness and haggard of beauty. The beauty in Wentong's works is radiant, and there is no need to cover your face with a fan. But sitting boldly in the yard, because she was confident that her beauty was enough to make all the flowers fall down one by one. In Wen Tong's poems, Fan is realistic and the shame of flowers is fictional. The combination of reality and reality shows the poet's unique perspective and reasonable imagination, and the flowers set off and set each other off. I am also lamenting that this fresh and natural poem was obtained by Wen Tong, a painter with answers. Simple language and beautiful artistic conception are the aesthetic pursuits of European and Soviet poets, which can be said to coincide, but I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn.

Finally, let's recall the leisure of Europe and the Soviet Union and talk about medical theory and medical anecdotes. When Ouyang Xiu learned about Qingzhou in the first year of JaeHee Ning (1068), Xu Daochang came from Weizhou, but he walked for a long time. In the fourth year of Xining, the European officials returned to Ying, and Xu came to defect again. It is said that Xu Xiangzhen "took the finger as the needle and the soil as the medicine, and cured the disease." He is ill. "Su Shi made it clear that he was in Ruyin (Yingzhou)" seeing the public, so he said. "Later, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou," Zhou County magistrate was seriously ill (swollen feet) ",so Su Shi treated him with Xu's prescription told by Ou Gong and" recovered in seven days ". So he also lamented that Xu was an outsider. Xu Dao.

On another occasion, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi talked and laughed about the doctor's intention to use drugs. Ou Gong said that a person was seasick when he was caught in the wind by boat, so the doctor "scraped off the teeth of the workers' hands that had been stained with sweat for many years, mixed with cinnabar, raised his spirits and drank it." "Notes on Materia Medica quotes the theory of medicinal properties. It is hardly easy to cause criticism. " Su Shi attaches great importance to medicine, and now he has Su Shen and Liang Fang as evidence. He didn't believe that the doctor had the intention to take medicine, so he used the topic for absurd reasoning and said to Ou Gong:

Drink scholars' pen and ink when you are unconsciously lazy? By extension, drinking the washing water of Boyi can cure greed; There are more than 1000 grains that can be eaten; Licking Fan Kuai's shield can cure cowardice; Xi's son can cure all diseases [16].

Taking his word, he made Ouyang Xiu laugh. On the way to Yingzhou in six years, Su Shi's boat was about to enter Yingzhou boundary, and he remembered the interesting story of the reunion between Ning and Ou Gong in four years, so he wrote it down.

Ouyang Xiu's reunion with Su Shi in Yingzhou in the autumn of 2004 in Zaixi was not only a banquet for reciting excellent poems, but also in the teaching of treating others with talents, in the discussion of aesthetic theory of poetry creation, in the gossip of seeking medical treatment and saving lives, and in the unrestrained laughter at the end of the year, Ouyang Xiu naturally passed on the baton of poetry innovation to Su Shi, and at the same time passed on many valuable life experiences to him, which made Su Shi hold his head high in the literary world in the future.

[Notes]

[1] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Volume 42, Collated by Li Yian, Zhonghua Book Company, 200 1, p. 600, p. 604. The book is quoted below, only the title of the article and the number of pages in the volume.

[2] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Volume XI, Page 188, Volume 56, Page 80 1 12, Page 193.

[3] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Volume 133, p. 2056; Volume 13 1, page 199 1.

[4] The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu, Vol.57, p.831.

[5] Kong's "Proofreading Su Shi's Poems", Volume VI, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982 edition, p. 275. The book is quoted below, only the title and pages of the poem.

[6] "Poems of Su Shi" Volume 43, p. 2372.

[7] Gao Xiufang Su Proofreading, Zhonghua Book Company, 1990 Edition, Volume III, p. 57.

[8] Poems of Su Shi, Volume VI, p. 277.

[9] Ouyang Xiu's Purple Stone Screen Song, The Complete Works, Volume 4, p. 63; Preface to the Song of the Moon Graphite Screen, full volume 65, p. 95 1.

[10] See "Su Shunqin Collection", Volume 5, "The Moon Screen in the Forever Summer"; Collected Works of Mr. Wan Ling, Volume 33, Poems by Ouyang Yongshu and Shi Yanping.

[1 1] Wang Shihan's Selected Comments on Su Shi, vol. 1, quoted from Su Shi's Data Collection, Zhonghua Book Company, 1994, pp. 18 17.

[12] "The Complete Works of Su Shi" Volume 19, Kong Jiao, Zhonghua Book Company, 1986, p. 565. The book is quoted below, only the title and pages.

[13] Complete Works of Su Shi, Volume X, Page 32 1.

[14] See Biography of Historical Records and Zheng Ji (volume 120).

[15] Su Shi's Travels of Xu Xiangzhen comes from The Complete Works of Ouyang Gong, Volume 72, Page 23 18.

[16] Su Shi's Doctor's Intention, Volume 73, p. 2343. Dongpo Zhi Lin's title is "Recalling Ou".