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Charlotte Bronte

Famous name: Charlotte Bronte

Years of birth and death: 1816-1855

Celebrity title: British female writer.

Celebrity country: Britain

Related introductions:

The author Charlotte Bronte was born in 1816 in a priest family in northern England. Her mother died young, and eight-year-old Charlotte was sent to a boarding school. The living conditions there were extremely harsh, and her two sisters died of lung disease. So Charlotte and her sister Emily returned to their hometown and spent their childhood in the desolate Yorkshire mountains. When she was 15 years old, she entered the school run by Miss Wooler and became a teacher in this school a few years later. Later, she worked as a tutor, but she gave up her career as a tutor because she could not bear the discrimination and harshness towards tutors from noble ladies and wealthy ladies. She had planned to run her own school, so with the support of her aunt, she went to Italy with Emily to learn French and German. However, the school could not be completed because no one came to attend. But her experience of studying in Italy inspired her strong desire to express herself, prompting her to devote herself to the path of literary creation

Charlotte Bront? was born in Howarth, Yorkshire, northern England, to her father. He is a poor pastor of the local Anglican Church, and his mother is a housewife. Charlotte Bronte was the third child and had two older sisters, two younger sisters and a younger brother. The two sisters, Emily Bront? and Ann Bront?, are also famous writers, so they are often called the "Three Bront? sisters" in the history of British literature.

Charlotte Bronte had an unfortunate childhood. In 1821, when she was 5 years old, her mother died of cancer. The father's income was very little, and the family's life was hard and desolate. Haworth is a remote village in the mountains. Young Charlotte and her siblings can only play in the swamps. Fortunately, my father was a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge, and was very knowledgeable. He often taught his children to read, guided them in reading books, newspapers and magazines, and told them stories. This was the only fun the children could get after their mother died. It also had an initial impact on Charlotte and her two sisters, making them have a strong interest in literature since childhood.

In 1824, sisters Maria and Elizabeth were sent to a boarding school in Cowan Bridge, near Howarth, and soon Charlotte and sister Emily were also sent there. At that time, only the children of poor people attended such schools. The conditions there were extremely poor, but the religious rules were very strict. The children did not have enough to eat all year round, and were often subjected to corporal punishment. Every Sunday, they had to walk several miles to go to church in the freezing cold or scorching heat. Due to the poor conditions, typhoid fever became prevalent in the school the following year. Charlotte's two sisters both contracted the disease and died of pain within a few days after being sent home. After that, her father no longer allowed Charlotte and Emily to go to that school, but everything there had left a terrible impression on Charlotte's mind. She could never forget this period of life. Later, in her novel "Jane Eyre", she described it with full of pain. The image of the lovely little girl Helen in the novel was based on her sister Maria. For prototype. When Charlotte returned home, life was as it had been before, but her and her sisters' interests broadened. They studied music together, playing the piano, singing, and painting, but what interested them most was learning to write. The Bronte family has always lived in isolation, and the Charlotte sisters have been withdrawn since childhood. In the lonely village of Howarth, the only solace they can find is to face the wilderness and let their imaginations run wild, writing bizarre and moving stories. Charlotte was 14 years old at the time and had already written many novels, poems and plays. According to her own book list, she had written as many as 11 volumes, each with 60 to 100 pages. Although these exercises are still very childish, they already show considerable literary literacy and rich imagination. This kind of practice can be said to have fully prepared her for her future fame in the literary world.

At the age of 15, Charlotte entered the school run by Miss Wooler at Rawhead.

A few years later, in order to earn money to send her younger siblings to school, she became a teacher in this school. She continued to write while teaching, but has not published anything yet. In 1836, when she was 20 years old, she boldly sent several of her short poems to the then Poet Laureate Southey. However, what he got was a scolding from the great poet. Southey said to her unceremoniously in his reply: "Literature is not a woman's business. You have no talent for writing poetry." This basin of cold water made Charlotte very sad, but she did not lose confidence because of it and remained silent. Keep writing. In 1838, Charlotte left Miss Wooler's school. The next year, she worked as a tutor in a wealthy family. This profession was discriminated against at the time, and Charlotte experienced firsthand the hardship and humiliation of being a governess. She wrote in a letter to her sister Emily at the time: "Private teachers... have no meaning in existence and are not treated as living, rational people at all." Therefore, she soon disliked it. He even hates the profession of tutor. She worked as a governess twice, in 1839 and 1841, but only for a few months each time because she couldn't stand it. It was during these two years that Charlotte was propositioned: once by the brother of one of her girlfriends, and once by a young priest. However, she rejected both proposals because she thought they didn't really love her and just wanted a wife according to tradition.

Neither Charlotte nor Emily wanted to leave home to make a living outside, but they could not live on their father’s income alone, so they wanted to set up a school in their village to teach local children to read. This might make a living. They all want to teach French, but their French is not very good. At this time, the aunt who helped take care of the housework at their home stepped forward and used all her savings to let the sisters go to Brussels to study French.

In this way, they entered a French school in Brussels. The school was run by a couple named Ege, and Mr. Ege taught French himself. Mr. Ege has a profound knowledge of French literature. Under his teachings, the Bront? sisters mastered the basic knowledge of French in just one year. They also read a large number of French literary classics and learned about the creations of writers of various genres. style and artistic features. However, for Charlotte, it was Mr. Herge himself who made the most profound impression on her during her year in Brussels. Not only is he knowledgeable and intelligent, he also has a masculine personality that is very attractive to young women, that is, he is easily excited, a little rude, but very straightforward and straightforward. Charlotte had fallen in love with this married man, but she never expressed it clearly. Mr. Hege was completely indifferent to her, so she kept this subtle emotion in her heart. After returning from Brussels, Charlotte and her two sisters began to prepare a school, and even put up a signboard called "Bronte Sisters School". However, they never expected that within a few months not a single student would come to register for school, and all they waited for were officials who came to collect taxes.

The ideal of running a school was shattered. Charlotte felt that there might be a way out for writing. In the autumn of 1845, she accidentally read some poems written by her sister Emily, and suddenly thought that the three sisters could write a collection of poems together. So after they discussed it, each of them took out some poems and put them together, and published a book of poems at their own expense with some money left by their deceased aunt. They did not sign their real names, but used three pseudonyms: Cole Bell, Ellis Bell and Acton Bell. Although their poems were beautifully written, no one paid attention to them, and only two copies were sold after publication.

However, no matter what, the publication of a collection of poems is always a big event for them. Their creative enthusiasm was stimulated, so the three sisters began to immerse themselves in writing novels. At this time, Charlotte was thirty years old. She spent nearly a year writing a novel named "The Teacher"; her sisters Emily and Anne wrote the novels "Wuthering Heights" and "Agnes Grey" respectively. They sent the three novels together to publishers. Soon the publisher replied that Wuthering Heights and Agnes Gray had been accepted, but Charlotte's The Teacher would be rejected.

This was a big blow to Charlotte. But she did not back down. Instead, she held her breath and started writing another novel. This is "Jane Eyre".

Most of the characters and plots in "Jane Eyre" were ones she had experienced in life or was very familiar with. Besides, she was full of passion, so the writing progressed very quickly, and the manuscript was finished in less than a year. . After the manuscript was handed in, the publisher was greatly surprised and stayed up all night to review it. Finally, the publisher decided it was a masterpiece and decided to publish it immediately. In this way, "Jane Eyre" (1847) came out two months later, while the works of the two sisters were still being printed.

Soon, all three works of the three sisters came out. The British literary world was greatly shocked at that time, because the three novels of the three sisters were all very good, especially Charlotte's "Jane Eyre" (the author was signed by Cole Bell when it was first published), which caused a sensation. People are talking about this novel in the alley, and people are asking and guessing who the author is.

The success of the three Bront? sisters in literary creation brought great joy to the Bront? family. But soon, a series of unfortunate events occurred at home. In September 1848, their brother fell ill and died. Three months later, Emily contracted tuberculosis and died one after another. Charlotte was worried that her little sister Anne would get it too, and that's exactly what happened. It took five months for Anne to get sick and pass away.

Charlotte was deeply hit. Only by devoting herself to writing could she temporarily forget her inner grief. She concentrated on writing the novel "Shelly", which was completed in August 1849 and published in October. "Shelly" brought her another huge success. After this, she went to London. During her years in London, she met many writers, the most famous of whom were Thackeray and Mrs. Gaskell. Thackeray spoke highly of her work, and she dedicated the second edition of "Jane Eyre" to Thackeray to show her respect for this famous writer. Mrs. Gaskell became her best friend, and the two had a close relationship. She also completed and published the novel "Villette" and began writing the novel "Emma" in November 1853.

On June 29, 1854, the thirty-eight-year-old Charlotte finally overcame the opposition of her stubborn old husband and married the Reverend Abe Nichols. Belated love brought her comfort and joy, but the happiness after marriage was so short-lived. One day six months later, Charlotte and her husband went to the depths of the wilderness a few miles away from home to watch mountain streams and waterfalls. If you catch the cold in the rain, you will never get sick again. On March 31, 1855, 38-year-old Charlotte unfortunately passed away, taking with her a baby who had not yet had an accident.

Although Charlotte Bronte only wrote four novels in her life (namely: "The Teacher", "Jane Eyre", "Sherry" and "Villette"), "The Teacher" is her most popular novel. Published after her death), but she has a very important position in literary history. In her novels, the most prominent theme is women's strong desire to be independent. It can be said that this theme is displayed tenaciously in all her novels, and it is unprecedented in the history of British literature before her to use women's voices as the theme of her novels - she is the first to express this theme. people. In addition, another characteristic of her novels is that the characters and plots are closely related to her own life, so they have a strong lyrical color. The combination of female themes and lyrical style is the basic feature of Charlotte Bronte's creation, and it is also her influence on later British and American writers. Later writers were influenced by her to varying degrees when dealing with female themes. In particular, female writers who were concerned about women's own destiny respected her as a pioneer and regarded her works as a model for "modern women's novels".

Second version:

British female novelist, sister of Emily Bront?, is one of the three Bront? sisters active in the British literary world. She is the eldest of three sisters. Three sisters were born in an isolated village in Yorkshire, northern England. The father is a poor pastor. It was all thanks to their aunt, who had a small fortune, to fund their education and left them property.

The three sisters later used part of the fortune to self-publish their first collection of poems. When she was a child, Charlotte often wrote some strange stories in small notebooks with her other brothers and sisters. Based on the talents inherited from their parents and their hard work, the three sisters were all famous for being good at writing. In 1847, they all published novels. Charlotte published "Jane Eyre" under the pen name of Coleber. Charlotte worked as a teacher and tutor, and went to Brussels, Belgium, with her sister Emily in 1842 to study French and classical literature. Charlotte's works mainly describe the loneliness, resistance and struggle of the poor petty bourgeoisie, and she belongs to what Marx called the "excellent group" headed by Dickens. "Jane Eyre" is her debut novel and her representative work, which is still popular among readers. In fact, the three Bronte sisters have been passionate about writing since they were children. They often wrote novels about the earl in their notebooks together, but unfortunately they were all lost later. Charlotte also published a collection of poems. Her other novels are: Shirley (1849), Villette (1853), and The Teacher (1857). Among them, "Villette" can be regarded as her personal autobiography in the form of a novel, which is very similar to her life experience. This female writer who was born with a frail body is a bright pearl in the British literary world in the 19th century.

The Bronte Sisters

In 1847, "Jane Eyre" and "Wuthering Heights" were published in the UK. The emergence of these two works caused a strong sensation in the literary world; and these two immortal masterpieces were actually written by two unknown sisters, which has become a good story in the history of British literature. The two sisters are Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte. Charlotte's "Jane Eyre" immediately attracted the attention of critics at the time due to its novel subject matter and sincere feelings, while Emily occupied a prominent place in the history of British literature with "Wuthering Heights," a novel with fantastic imagination. status. However, people did not expect that the success of these two sisters stemmed from their lonely, depressed and unfortunate lives.

A desolate and lonely childhood

The Bronte sisters grew up in a poor clergyman's family. Their mother died of lung cancer when the children were still very young, which plunged the family into a dilemma. Unlucky. Without their mother, the children's childhood is like a deep winter without sunshine, desolate and joyless. Fortunately, their father, the poor pastor, was very knowledgeable. He personally taught them how to read and guided them in reading books and newspapers, which had a great influence on them. This was also a blessing in misfortune.

Due to the misery of life, the Bronte sisters had to spend a period of their childhood in charity schools. Because the living conditions in the school were very poor, Charlotte and Emily's two older sisters died of lung disease one after another, which was an extremely heavy blow to Charlotte. Later, she moved the school into "Jane Eyre" and created the image of a lovely little girl named Helen Burns in the book in memory of her sister. After that, Charlotte and Emily returned home and studied on their own with their brother Branwell and sister Anne.

Their family lives in a desolate and remote mountainous area, and the family has always lived in isolation, so the only places they visit are the endless swamps and the wilderness to the west. They often walk in the wilderness and feel the atmosphere of the wilderness, especially Emily, who is taciturn on the outside but passionate on the inside. She writes all her feelings about the wilderness into "Wuthering Heights", which constitutes the unique character of "Wuthering Heights". Atmosphere. In order to pass the lonely time, the four of them often read, wrote poems and made up legendary stories. They started a handwritten magazine: "Young People's Magazine", which they wrote, read and read by themselves, which brought them great success. It is a great pleasure and a preliminary exercise for them to become famous writers in the future. When she was a child, Charlotte wrote many novels, poems and plays. According to her own list of works when she was 14 years old, there were 22 volumes.

Relief after hard work

In order to survive, the Bronte sisters left home and worked as tutors. The humiliating life aroused their strong anger. Charlotte felt discriminated against and lonely. She hated the tutoring profession and left after only working for a few months twice. However, this experience provided extremely important material for "Jane Eyre".

In their difficult and closed life, the Bronte sisters often used their spare time at night to write actively as a relief from the boring hard work of the day. Especially Emily, in addition to working, she also has to take on the heavy housework of the whole family, such as washing clothes, cooking, and baking bread. In order to write down writing materials at any time, she always takes it with her when working in the kitchen. With paper and pen, as soon as there is a gap, I will immediately write down the thoughts that come to my mind, and then continue cooking.

During this period, they have not stopped their creative activities. In 1836, Charlotte sent several poems she had written to Southey, the famous poet laureate at the time. Unexpectedly, Southey believed that literature was not a career for women, and that Charlotte had no special talents. He would never have imagined that Charlotte Bronte, whom he thought had no special talents, would become a sensational writer in the British literary world ten years later.

The Bront? sisters once planned to open a school together, but when they printed an enrollment advertisement, no one signed up. At this time, their only brother Branwell developed a bad habit of drinking due to the stimulation of the environment. For this reason, he lost his job and became a burden to the family. One day in the autumn of 1845, Charlotte happened to see a collection of poems written by Emily. She was deeply moved and thought that writing might be a way out. So, she used the inheritance left by her deceased aunt to join forces with two My sister put together a collection of poems. But although the poem was beautifully written, it failed to attract people's attention and only two copies were sold.

Success in novel creation

Despite this, the publication of this collection of poems still inspired their creative mood, so the Bront? sisters immersed themselves in writing novels. This year, the younger sister Anne Bronte wrote "Agnes Grey", Emily wrote "Wuthering Heights", and Charlotte wrote "The Professor". The first two were accepted by publishers, but "The Professor" was returned. But Charlotte was not discouraged, and she began to write "Jane Eyre". Many of the characters and plots in the novel were those she had experienced in life or were familiar with. It took her a year to write "Jane Eyre" at a very fast speed. The book was published two months later, while "Agnes Grey" and "Wuthering Heights" were not released until after "Jane Eyre" was published. Just published. However, only "Jane Eyre" was successful and received attention, while "Wuthering Heights" was not understood by readers at that time.