How to write a business plan?

You have to first come up with a plan for what to do! !

Generally speaking, it is mainly divided into:

1 Project prospects: You can specifically talk about the prospects of this project, market analysis, trends in the entire industry and national policies. Whether you can win the favor of investors is very important here

2. Detailed introduction of the project: Here is where you introduce the details of your project. For example, entrepreneurial concept, company description, company nature, company purpose, company goals, etc.

I will give you an example and see for yourself. I hope it will be helpful to you! First of all, Chapter 1 Preface

The advertising industry is also constantly improving and expanding. The focus of our establishment of an advertising company is on the innovation of business and business methods. This is what makes ×× Advertising Company unique. First of all, our advertising company not only introduces advertising services to the market, but also provides a platform for college students from ×××× College who are interested in the advertising industry to practice and operate. We put XX Advertising Company into commercial operations, but we do not take profit as the sole purpose of starting a business. Gaining something in social practice is our real pursuit.

Secondly, we plan to establish ×× Advertising Company in partnership with other large and medium-sized advertising companies in Hunan, so that *** will benefit together and *** will bear the risks together. We will sign a long-term recommendation contract for ×××× college advertising talents with our partner advertising company. What kind of talents does the partnership company need, and what kind of skills does this person need to have? Based on this, the partnership company helps us focus on training students' qualities and abilities in this aspect in the operation of ×× advertising company, so as to improve the quality and ability of our students. All items meet the requirements of a partnership advertising company. We will complete this training process while students are still in school. After graduation, students can directly work in partner advertising companies.

×× Advertising Company’s development strategy, on the one hand, enhances our technical strength and creates conditions for achieving market benefits; on the other hand, the company’s market behavior can enrich the school’s teaching resources and create social The effect will also increase the visibility of our school to a certain extent, thereby forming a good interaction and promoting the development of relevant disciplines of ×××× College.

We will continue to work hard and strive to build ×× Advertising Company into a window image that represents the entrepreneurial achievements of ×××× college students.

Chapter 2 Company Description

(1) Company Name

************ Advertising Company

(2) Company nature

A media joint venture advertising company integrating production, agency, planning, creativity, investigation and consulting.

(3) Company purpose

It is our responsibility to help customers obtain economic and social benefits, and aims to establish the best relationship between customers and the market through the company's scientific, professional and sincere services. We use the best communication channels to carry out the most economical planning and design with customers' limited funds, so that customers can achieve the best communication effect at the lowest advertising cost.

(4) Company goals

(5) Entrepreneurial concept

The advertising company is currently in the research and initial stage, but we have formed a *** consciousness , that is, actively explore the development model and direction at the beginning, take a path with its own characteristics, and implement various methods to combine or merge with other small companies through effective capital operation to form a strong local advertising group. Starting from attracting small customers at the beginning, we will establish good long-term partnerships with customers with a pragmatic attitude of striving for excellence, gradually expand our experience and reputation, and divide our "sphere of influence" bit by bit.

We will strive to incorporate meticulous professionalism into every detail, analyze the dynamics and trends of advertising development through various channels, start from studying the audience and market, and implement it specifically for each of our Provide customers with scientific and professional services. Only by constantly making progress and constantly surpassing ourselves is the key to the development of XX Advertising Company.

(5) Company services

1. Professional advertising services

——Provide our customers with detailed and accurate industry consulting services, including data survey information and analysis conclusions. This enables customers to make their investments more scientific and reasonable, and communicate with consumers in an all-round way.

——Establish an internal research institution, gradually create its own theoretical structure and knowledge system, and establish its own cultural connotation.

——Become a strategic partner with the media, act as an agent and completely buy out a large amount of the media’s advertising space and time, and we will promote and sell advertising media to advertisers in one direction.

2． Personalized business services

——It is the first company in Yongzhou City that includes the business of planning and creating wedding atmosphere for weddings.

——Provide customers with planning for openings, festivals, real estate exhibitions, product promotions, and large-scale events, as well as rent large-scale balloons, inflatable arches, cartoon characters and other promotional tools necessary for events to customers.

——The agent contacts the hostess required to hold the event.

3． Provide customers with accurate and scientific market research

——There is no need for customers to run around, we provide customers with complete effect measurement services

4. Others

——User benefits: We have business cost advantages due to our own characteristics. It can minimize the advertising budget required by customers and achieve truly high quality and low price.

Chapter 3 Market Analysis

(1) Market Description

The advertising industry is an emerging industry in my country. In 2002, there were 57,434 advertising companies in my country , in the past few years, the number of companies has been increasing, the turnover and employees have been expanding, and the growth rate is considerable. The national advertising revenue exceeded the 100 billion yuan mark in 2003. According to expert predictions, my country's GDP will grow by no less than 7% in 2004 and will reach more than 12.5 trillion yuan, and the national advertising revenue will be around 110 billion yuan. China's advertising market is expected to become one of the world's three largest advertising markets in the next 10 years or so. However, compared with the annual turnover figures of large foreign advertising groups disclosed by the US advertising authority, the gap is extremely huge. The economic and advertising gap between the western region of my country and the eastern region is still very large, and this will not change significantly in a short period of time.

Yongzhou is a commodity distribution center in southern Hunan adjacent to Guangdong and Guangxi. It has active commodity transactions and dense commercial outlets. The city currently has more than 30 wholesale markets of various types, more than 20,000 commercial and catering service outlets, and more than 40,000 employees. According to data from the second national basic unit census in Yongzhou City, among all corporate legal entities, there are 414 units with more than 100 employees, accounting for 9.43%; there are 3,974 units with less than 100 employees, accounting for 90.57%, of which 30 employees The following companies are the main ones, accounting for 67.37% of all companies. It can be seen that the characteristics of Yongzhou's private individual economy are mainly small scale, large number and wide distribution of enterprises. Most of Yongzhou's advertising customers are small and medium-sized enterprises or shop owners. Yongzhou's modern advertising industry started late but is developing rapidly. The advertising industry will have broader market prospects in Yongzhou.

(2) Target market

We divide the target market in the early stage of entrepreneurship into three categories according to regional characteristics: market within ×××× College, market surrounding ×××× College, Yongzhou Zhishan District market, the long-term target market is markets in various parts of Yongzhou, including Yongzhou Lengshuitan market.

The on-campus market of ×××× College mainly reflects the advertising demand for the college’s external publicity, the advertising demand for the college’s 33 student club activities, and the advertising demand for various activities and competitions held within the college.

The main manifestation of the market around ×××× College is the advertising demand for shops and storefronts on Yangzitang Street. What needs to be especially noted is that the storefronts and stores near the college are updated very quickly.

The main performance of the ×× district market is to provide market research, public relations activity planning, advertising services required for holding promotional activities for shopping malls or enterprises and institutions, as well as facade advertising, signboard production, outdoor advertising, etc. for small shops. .

(3) Target customers

At the initial stage, the target customers are mainly positioned at ×××× College and owners of enterprises, shops, and business and production facades in Zhishan District, Yongzhou.

(4) Construction progress

×× Advertising Company is expected to take three months from establishment, preparation to implementation. In the first and second months, we will conduct contact and business negotiations with advertising companies across Hunan Province to establish preliminary partnership relationships. Starting from the second month, we will spend two months building the company from both hardware and software aspects. In the last month, while improving the company's construction, we will contact Yongzhou's business websites and some advertising and decoration companies, as well as advertising and decoration stores with relatively concentrated target customer groups, and strive to establish business partnerships with them.

(5) Market development strategy

Initial stage of entrepreneurship (first year)

1. Our development model in the early stage can be considered -

Plan (1): Contact some advertising and decoration companies in XX district to seek to establish an advertising consortium. This is because they all have the characteristics of small scale and isolated development. Some companies have media agency advantages, some have customer resources, and some have regional advantages. Through capital operation, we implement horizontal alliances, integrate resources, complement each other's advantages, reduce costs and eliminate risks. Groupization is an inevitable choice for the further development of China's advertising industry. Through various ways to join forces to form a powerful advertising regional group. Through large-scale operations, we can complement each other's advantages and reduce operating costs. This will help get rid of the repetitive and hesitant state of independent development of each small company, thereby improving the overall service level. This also greatly helped our company's early development.

Option (2): If the alliance is unsuccessful, we can only base ourselves around ×××× College in the early stage and seize various advertising businesses nearby. We will mainly design and produce advertising signs, supplemented by some effective advertising. Public relations planning activities of a certain scale and influence can eat up scattered business that large advertising companies have no time to take care of, and gradually gain fame. Expand long-term business during development. Cherish the relationship with customers, establish good customer relationships, and let today's advertisers become voluntary publicists of tomorrow's ×× advertising company. You can also try to invite customers to participate in shares and develop together.

2． Contact various shops and storefront owners to promote and introduce XX advertising company to them.

3． Lobby the college community to use XX Advertising Company as the society’s advertising agency.

4． Find suppliers of advertising production supplies to ensure the service and quality of purchase channels.

5. Establish a friendly link with Yongzhou business website and promote XX advertising company online.

6． Open telephone business consultation and establish a company website to provide online consultation services.

Entrepreneurial development stage (second and third years)

×× Advertising Company has accumulated considerable experience in standardized operations in the early stages of development, and has a certain reputation in the Yongzhou market. More and more customers agree. At the same time, the technical level of the company's personnel and the production equipment have reached a higher level with the development. The goal of this stage is to further establish the brand image of ××××College××Advertising Company and further influence the market. Promotion, developing our advertising business target to large and medium-sized enterprises.

1. Donated outdoor advertisements worth tens of thousands of yuan on the main streets of Zhishan District, Yongzhou, and some of the billboards are used to convey public service information to the public. Invisibly, billboards are no longer regarded as "road pollution", but contribute to society. The other part can be used for advertising rentals to generate revenue.

2． Initial establishment of a stable customer base. Being able to advertise in the mainstream media in Yongzhou City, its influence began to cover the entire Zhishan District of Yongzhou.

3． By promoting XX Advertising Company to all parts of Yongzhou, the company's profits will tend to be stable.

Chapter 4 Company Operations

(1) Company Business

The initial business content is roughly divided into:

1. Market services: market research. Customer Service.

2． Design and production: advertising graphic design. Shop sign production. Advertising printing. Product packaging design. Showcase production.

3． Corporate consulting: Provide advertising planning for customers. Public relations event planning.

4． Advertising photography: product photography. Industrial photography. Technology photography. Location shooting, etc.

5. Customer rental: large-scale air balloons, inflatable arches, cartoon characters and other publicity tools for celebration events.

The business after the mature period will also include:

1. Launch digital advertising business and develop Internet advertising. In 2004, China's Internet users will exceed 100 million. This marks that the Internet based on new technologies, as an emerging mainstream media, has entered the economy and life of ordinary Chinese people, and will continue to grow at a rate that we cannot predict. The prospects broad.

2． Vigorously promote and develop outdoor advertising. Introduce high-tech advertising production projects.

3． Wedding Planning: Wedding planning and creating the wedding atmosphere.

(2) Business strategy

1. management of the company. Maintaining operating efficiency is the company's main management issue. Managers need to devote themselves to management improvements, integration of business systems, and emphasis on comprehensive performance to improve operating efficiency.

2． Strengthen the company's image, increase visibility, attract customers, and at the same time use the improvement of the image to enhance market competitiveness. This is the basic direction of the strategy to allow consumers to identify with convenience stores and improve consumer satisfaction.

3． Create regional advantages. Its main strategy is to use regional operations to increase its relative scale in the region, obtain a higher competitive position in the region, seek survival space, lay a foundation for profit, and then expand its business scope.

4. Good at exploring hidden profit growth points from investment equipment.

(3) Cost accounting

As the saying goes, "Don't fight an unprepared battle." Fully completing all preliminary preparations before investing can reduce the probability of unexpected situations in later operations. Problems in any of the three links of capital, manpower, and space will directly affect the company's development. The investment capital is 91,000 yuan. The number of company personnel is determined to be 10-12 through competitive selection. Site area: more than 50 square meters.

(4) Business obstacles

1. Insufficient funds caused the company's infrastructure to fall behind.

2． As an emerging advertising company, it is in the capital investment period and the initial stage of market development, which is the main reason why it is very difficult to make profits.

3． The overall strength of the company's team needs to be further improved.

4. Not well known.

(5) Management resources

As the saying goes: "Don't fight an unprepared battle." Fully completing all preliminary preparations before investing can reduce the probability of unexpected situations in later operations. Problems in any of the three links of capital, manpower, and space will directly affect the company's development. Our initial capital investment is 91,000 yuan. The number of personnel will be 12-13 after competitive selection. Site area: about 50 square meters.

Chapter 5 Company Management

(1) Organizational Structure

Since ×× Advertising Company belongs to an intellectual industry where knowledge is more important than capital, its establishment and Development requires the rational mobilization of all advantageous resources of the entire ×××× College.

Management Department - ×××× College: Responsible for the company's internal management, schedule allocation, and company development planning.

Technical Department - Department of Journalism and Communication and Department of Art: Responsible for advertising graphic design, shop sign production, advertising inkjet printing, product packaging

Design and display production.

Marketing Department - Department of Chinese Language, Literature and Journalism: Responsible for the company’s external advertising and image planning. Improve the company's visibility in society. Market research, analysis and research.

Information Department - Department of Economics, Trade and Management and Department of Computer and Information Science: Responsible for contacting peripheral market information sources to obtain advertising business information required by ×× company. And adopt the method of signing an agreement with them to form a more stable company resource. Establishing a company website will lay the foundation for the company's online business consulting services, remote communication, etc.

Finance Department - Department of Economics, Trade and Management: Responsible for the company's financial expenditures and revenue operations, and responsible for planning and establishing a complete financial system.

Training Department - Partnership Advertising Company: Responsible for technical and business training of internal personnel of the company.

Photography Department - Xishan Photography Association of ×××× College: Responsible for the company's external advertising photography business.

Human Resources Department - ×××× College: Responsible for improving the personnel system of ×× Advertising Company. Train people within the company.

(2) Human Resources

×××× College is a provincial full-time ordinary college that combines liberal arts, law, science, engineering, history, economics, management, education and other disciplines. Undergraduate institutions. There are currently 16 full-time undergraduate majors and 28 full-time junior college majors, which have enrolled students in 25 provinces (autonomous regions). There are currently 6,225 full-time students and more than 5,000 adult education students, with sufficient human resources. The company selects the best among students to ensure the quality of human resources.

(3) Risk analysis

1. External risks

—Limited financial resources

A large amount of capital is required to establish a company, and it also requires funds to maintain its operation. Once the financial resources are insufficient and cannot be in place according to the predetermined plan, the company will not be able to operate and build. So be vigilant when it comes to money management.

——Uncertainty about the price of some major equipment

This includes uncertainty about the source and price of second-hand equipment, as well as uncertainty about the raw material distribution network.

2． Market risk

——Great changes in the market

The consequence of fierce competition is that the market is highly segmented, and personalized consumption is replacing mass consumption as the mainstream of the market. In the face of a highly differentiated market, for the advertising industry, advertising is becoming increasingly difficult, while for companies, the role of advertising in communicating between companies and consumers has been reduced. As new technologies continue to emerge, advertising models and designs are also changing rapidly. Even the most basic billboard substrates vary.

——Market Uncertainty

At the beginning, the target customers may still have trust and habit obstacles, so the target customers must accept and entrust ×× advertising company in the short term. Serving them is quite difficult.

——The uncertainty of seeking partnerships with other large and medium-sized advertising companies

Can other large and medium-sized advertising companies in Hunan accept our partnership plan and provide our ×× advertising company with There are great difficulties in providing support in terms of technology, management, and funds.

3． Rationality and Realizability

The advertising industry was chosen as the entrepreneurial project, first of all, because ×××× College has strong human resources and technical advantages, which provides a strong backing for the company, which is other Advertising companies across Yongzhou do not have it. Secondly, the advertising industry is an enterprise with very high social benefits and economic returns. However, the development of Yongzhou's advertising industry is not standardized and perfect, and the degree of competition is low.

Chapter 6 Financial Analysis

(1) Funding Sources

Funding Sources: The total project investment is 91,000 yuan, of which 20,000 yuan is self-raised. Obtain 30,000-40,000 yuan from ×××× College, and plan to raise about 30,000 yuan, with a construction period of one month.

Form: (1) Short- to medium-term financing, principal repayment within a time limit plus dividends.

(2) Joint venture, cooperation, joint-stock system.

(2) Plan and return

1. The internal rate of return is 40% and the investment payback period is 2 years.

2． Financing is done in the name of ×××× College (or in the name of the company). The investor does not participate in the construction, management and operation of the company. The financier ensures a fixed rate of return for the investor and uses fixed assets as guarantee. Investment return method:

Settlement will be based on a 20% increase in the loan interest rate of domestic commercial banks for the same period, and the principal and interest will be repaid within two years. (Excluding compound interest) 50% of the principal and interest are repaid every year, and the settlement is made once a year.

(3) Investment risk

The investor has low investment risk and has the following guarantees: (-) After the infrastructure is fully equipped, the company will attract a large number of business projects. It is the main way for investors to get returns. (2) The company's low-cost and high-yield business operations will bring substantial returns to its financing capacity and are a reliable source to ensure repayment of principal and interest. (3) ×××× College is eternal, financially guaranteed, has high credit, and is risk-free. (4) The financing amount is small, about 30,000 yuan, and the funds to repay principal and interest are guaranteed.

Intermediaries will be given a certain handling fee by the financing party, and the standard is negotiable.

(4) Planning expenses

Fixed investment (unit: yuan)

Company leasing expenses

10,000 (one year)

p>

Second-hand advertising inkjet printer

30000

Plotting machine

6000

Scanner, printer, copier

3000

3 computers

10000

Advertising and decorative supplies for events and celebrations

10000

Company decoration costs

5000

External publicity and advertising costs

2000

Daily expenses

10000

Others

5000

Total

91000

Monthly expenses: (unit: yuan)

< p>Salary (based on commission from the current month’s operating income)

1000——3000

Electricity and telephone bills

500

Taxes

p>

500

Equipment maintenance and repair fees

200

Business expenses

300

Employee training expenses

300

Total

2800-5800

(5) Company income

Income Will come from (early stage)

1. Advertising inkjet printing income

Cost analysis

Substrate unit price: ①Light box cloth

2.8~4 yuan/square meter

②Not dry Glue (car sticker)

4～7 yuan/square meter

Ink cost - unit price: 0.06～0.08 yuan/ml

Ink consumption: 12ml /square meter

0.72～0.96 yuan/square meter

+ nozzle loss

0.5～0.8 yuan/square meter

Total:

4.02～5.76 yuan/square meter

× Loss (blank space, misuse, etc.) is calculated as 20%

(1 + 20%)

p>

Total:

4.824~6.912 yuan/square meter

At present, the printing price of light box cloth on the ×× market is generally 15 yuan/square meter (comparable price. Car body price) The price of stickers is higher, above 20 yuan/square meter). From this price minus the cost of 4.824 to 6.912 yuan/square meter for inkjet printing, the gross profit is 5.088 to 10.176 yuan/square meter (a discount of 7.632 yuan/square meter) Yuan/square meter calculation). If the second-hand inkjet printer we purchased is calculated as a 20-day working business per month, in view of factors such as market capacity and market competition, we will make a discount here. The business volume is 500 square meters per month for the following calculations (monthly inkjet printing for a large advertising company is 3,000 (about 1,000 square meters for small companies), the profit is -

500×7.632 =3816 yuan/month

2. Rental of advertising and celebration inflatable products

Rental advertising and celebration products include rainbow arches, physical inflatables, mascot (cartoon) inflatables, electronic welcome salutes and other advertising and celebration products.

Costs and benefits:

Rental items

Costs

Rental charges

Electronic welcome salute< /p>

A salute gun costs 120 yuan, and the shell costs 5-10 yuan

20-30 yuan/gun

Rainbow Arch

300 ——700 yuan

150——300 yuan/day

Other inflatable molds

300 yuan

100——200 yuan/day

Suppose a celebration requires 8-20 gun salutes, 1 rainbow arch, 2-3 inflatables, then the rental fee can be charged a minimum of 510 yuan and a maximum of 1,500 yuan. , the cost can be recovered in two to three activities.

If it can be rented out for a month

3. Design and production fees for signboards, light boxes, and street sign advertising

Generally, the annual number of new outdoor advertising light boxes in county-level cities is more than 500 units, in prefecture-level cities is more than 2,000 units, and in provincial capital cities is more than 10,000 units. If based on ordinary type Calculated at a minimum selling price of 2,000 yuan per unit, if only one outdoor advertising light box is added every year, each county (city) has an annual sales volume of 1 million yuan.

Project

Design and production cost

Supply price

Small signboard

100 wide X 60 high 378 yuan

More than 400 yuan

Image poster

100 wide >

Image light box poster

100 width p>50 length >

1300-3200 yuan

4. Provide typing, copying, image scanning and other services.

Providing such services to students in the college can earn more than 3,000 yuan per month.

5. Graphic Design

Type

Project

Quotation

Remarks

Advertising Illustration

Outdoor advertising

50 yuan/hour

The electronic file specifications for this quotation are: less than 30 MB, A4 format, 300dpi, an additional 100 yuan will be charged for each additional 10 MB

Packaging

Posters

Magazine advertising

50 yuan/hour

The electronic file specifications for this quotation are: less than 30 MB , A4 format, 300dpi, additional 200 yuan for each additional 10 megabytes

Car body advertising

POP

40 yuan/hour

Company introduction

Indoor advertising

Publication illustrations

Wall calendar

50 yuan/hour

● and above The quoted price is the production fee, which does not include the creative fee, which is extra. ●The copyright of all works belongs to ×× Advertising Company, including the right to publish, the right to sign, the right to modify, the right to protect the integrity of the work, the right to use and the right to receive remuneration. Specific charging standards Negotiable according to customer's requirements ●The above quotation does not include tax. The final payment for illustration fees shall be subject to an additional 6% business tax on the basis of the above quotation.

Desk calendar

Decorative painting

Book cover

6. Internet Advertising

(1) Banner (Banner Advertising):

A banner ad is a picture that expresses the advertising content of a merchant. It is placed on the advertiser’s main page and is the largest form of Internet advertising. The basic form of advertising generally uses image files in GIF format. Static graphics can be used, or multiple frames of images can be spliced ??into animated images. Design fee: 500 yuan/piece (starting)

(2) Button (button advertising, also known as logo advertising):

Generally, it is made into a corporate logo, which can be directly made according to customer needs Links to relevant pages are suitable for companies with a certain reputation to promote online. Design fee: 200 yuan/piece (starting)

(3) Floating Icon (mobile icon, floating advertisement):

Floating can be designed according to the requirements of the advertiser and combined with the characteristics of the web page itself Locus has various advertising forms and flexible expressions. It can appear as product pictures or corporate logos or can be designed according to product characteristics. It has a high exposure rate and is currently the most popular advertising product among users in online advertising.

Design fee: 300 yuan/piece (starting)

(4) Opening Window (pop-up advertisement):

The mainstream of online advertising, that is, the advertising page that pops up when the page is opened, no need to click This will link to related pages to post more content. Design fee: 800 yuan/piece (starting)

Commissions earned from completing other business (including market research, etc.) commissions

Income from newspaper and magazine advertising agency fees

Project\Year

First year

Second year

Third year

Fourth year< /p>

Cumulative

⑴Main business income

16.92

20.8

28.4

< p>35.2

101.32

Less: business costs

12.06

13.7

18.14

p>

20.2

64.1

Business tax 6%

1

1.22

1.6 < /p>

2

4.82

⑵ Main business profit

3.86

5.88

< p>8.66

13

32.4

Add: other business profits

2.8

3.36 < /p>

4

6

16.16

Less: operating expenses

3

3

3

4

13

Administrative expenses

0.5

0.5 < /p>

0.8

1

2.8

⑶Total profit

3.16

5.74 < /p>

8.86

14

31.74

Minus: 33% income tax

1.04

1.8

2.9

4.6

10.34

⑷Net profit

2.12

3.94

5.96

9.4

21.42

Chapter 7 Entrepreneurial Team

(1) Brief Introduction to Entrepreneurial Team Description

The project proponent has conducted in-depth research on the advertising planning and advertising media, and the relevant team members have experimental operation practices and have maintained a relatively in-depth business ××.

(2) Business plan description

This company’s business plan roughly describes the entrepreneur’s business philosophy. In the future, all our decisions will come from mutual inspiration between senior management . We are making preliminary preparations for the company, and we will make technical and management reserves.

I hope to present to you a complete and clear business plan. Due to my limited personal level, omissions are inevitable and I sincerely hope for corrections.