Why did Yuan Mei say it was difficult to change poems? Tell me something interesting about the ancients changing poems?

Foreword Poets write poems, and many people are quick-thinking and eloquent. For example, Li Bai can write hundreds of poems about drinking, Yang Wanli can write an unfinished poem, and Huang Tingjian boasts that he "throws his hand as a guest". Some people write poems very slowly, such as Yin An by Lu Yanrang, which has several broken stems. The song "Family Road" lasted for three years, and when I sang it, I burst into tears. However, no matter how fast a poem is written, there is one thing that poets often do, and that is to "change the poem". Among all kinds of poems handed down, there are many interesting stories about changing poems. 1. What is rhyme? Is it possible that my son recorded a hilarious story of changing poetry in the An Shi Rebellion written by Yao Runeng in the Tang Dynasty under Zhou Zhi: Siming couldn't read, and suddenly he was good at reciting poems. Every time he finishes writing a chapter, he will announce it again, and everything will fall down. I want to write a book for my son, Chao Yi and Zhou Zhi Cherry, with colorful notes, saying: A cage of cherries is half red and half yellow. Half with Wang Huai, half with Zhou Zhi. Long, a small official, said, "Please change it to half of Zhou, half of Zhou, and half of Zhou." Siming said:' What is rhyme? How can my son be under Zhou Zhi!' Shi Siming couldn't read, so he suddenly fell in love with writing poems. Every time he finished writing a poem, he would publish it. Every capital is "absolutely amazing". On this day, Shi Siming will give cherries to his sons Wang Huai, Shi Chaoyi and Prime Minister Zhou Zhi, and write a letter with a poem: A cage of cherries is half red and half yellow. Half with Wang Huai, half with Zhou Zhi. Someone suggested that the third sentence and the fourth sentence should be reversed to rhyme. I didn't expect Shi Siming to say: What is rhyme? How can I make my son rank below Zhou Zhi? It is said that An Lushan can't read and Shi Siming can't read. I don't know if it's true or not. I don't believe that two illiterate people turned the Tang Empire upside down. Second, the word division 1, Yuan Xinwen's Biography of Tang Caizi According to the Biography of Tang Caizi, Qi once wrote poems for Yuan, and Chenmei said, "In the former village, several branches bloomed last night." Gu said, "If you don't count early, you might as well count." I didn't know he was bowing, so I said, "I'm a typist." Tang Priest Qi wrote a plum blossom poem "Early Plum", which said: All trees are frozen to break, and solitary roots are warm and lonely. In Qiancun, Zita Law, several branches opened last night. The wind is too fragrant to disappear, and the bird can see the plain face. If you obey the law next year, it will first be reflected in Chuntai. Zheng Gu said, the topic is to sing early plums, and a few branches are not early plums. Why don't you change it to "one branch opens"? Qi has already prostrated himself and called it "teacher at one word". 2. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang Yikui recorded in Volume 54 that Wang Neixiang was going to Linchuan, and Zeng Jifu sent him a poem with the sentence "A cursive script from Bai Yutang, a cold poem from the Crystal Palace". Han Zicang changed his mind: "A cursive script from Bai Yutang, a cold poem from the Crystal Palace." Her father heard of it and took Zi Cang as a lyricist. Bai Yutang's original poem "The Bell" was once "cold" to the Crystal Palace, which was obviously not neat. Han Ju changed "Zhong" to "Shen". This story is not credible, and he has never made such a low-level mistake before. If he has, he is careless and neglected, so he doesn't worship the word master. Maybe this scholar is too polite. Third, poetry never tires of changing 1, Wang Anshi is green in the spring breeze. The story of Wang Anshi's changing poems is almost a household name in Jiang Nanan. "Rong Zhai Xu Zhi" Volume 8: Wang Jueju said: "Guazhou in the mouth of Beijing is separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains. Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me? Sergeant Wu Jia hid his grass and went again at the beginning of the cloud. He circled the word "to" and marked it as "bad" instead of "over". The rotation is changed to Full. If it is ten words, it is defined as "green". Wang Anshi's revised poems have been collected. It can be seen that the third sentence of this poem has been used successively, and finally green is chosen. If we write our own poems, which word would we choose? Tao, Guo and Man are all function words, and the green word is a noun (which can also be regarded as an adjective) used as a verb. The virtual and the real alternate, and none of those three words exist. As for the other words "Xu Cross", what do you think might be? 2. As for Jia Dao's monk knocking on the moon door, Jia Dao has different opinions on the story of collision with Han Yu's bicycle. It's hard to say whether this is true or not. According to the lessons of He Guangyuan in Shu after the Tang and Five Dynasties, when the island first entered the famous city, it was often lighter than its ancestors, so it was better to learn from the eight hundred sons. Naturally, I often talk alone, and there is no one nearby, or I sing loudly in the downtown area, or I am arrogant in the long road. Suddenly one day, I sang "Birds in the trees in the pond, monks knocking at the door of the moon" on the donkey. At first I wanted to push or knock. When the refining was undecided, I made a gesture of pushing the word on the donkey and making a gesture of knocking the word. I didn't feel half way, and the viewer was dumbfounded. The island seems to have disappeared. At that time, the official department of Korea was in charge of Jingyin, and the spirit was clear and strict, which was shocked by Zimo. After singing for the third time, the gestures on the island did not end. Russia pushes the donkey as an official, holding it before Yin and realizing it on the island. The consultant wanted to blame him, and the island was right: "I get a couplet occasionally, and the word Yin 'an is undecided. I wandered to the poetry room and rushed to the official. I dare not take you and hope to learn from you. " Korea immediately thought for a long time and said, "It's good to type. "Then with the island and smile, with the government. * * * On poetry, I never get tired of listening to it for days, because I am close friends with this island. . Jia Dao's poem was so confused by one sentence that it ran into Han Yu's motorcade. After hearing the reason, Han Yu thought for a long time and thought that the word "knock" was better, so he smiled at Jia Dao and made friends with him. I don't know if the story is true or not, but this poem has indeed been handed down. " Li Ning lives in seclusion: he lives in seclusion with few neighbors, and the grass trails into the empty garden. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door. Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date. 3. Huang Tingjian and Lu Zhishen's poem: "Yan's return is not in March, and Gao Chan sings with a stick. At the beginning of the word "hug", it was changed to "possess", "be present", "take away" and "want" until the word was used ... Today, yu zhang's print is "cicada still occupies a branch". It is said to Juyuan that "there is Lu Zhi's Dongpo Niannujiao in the Yuan Dynasty", which is different from modern people's songs in several places, for example, the waves are heavy, and Zhou Lang Chibi is Sun Wu. "I wonder where this book is now?" Rong Zhai Xu Huang Luzhi, namely Huang Tingjian, one of the four bachelors of Su Men, is one of the three major schools of Jiangxi Poetry School and a leading figure in Song poetry, so Huang Tingjian and Su Shi are also called "Su Huang". Huang Tingjian's poem "A cicada chirps with its branches" is said to have been changed to "hold, be, take and want", and later "use" was chosen, but there is a version of "Cicada still chirps with its branches". In Su Shi's Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia, there are more modifiers. According to Xiang Yi, Su Shi has also changed a lot, because there is another version: a river of no return, choppy, eternal romantic figure. On the west side of the old base, the humanities are Sun Wu of the Three Kingdoms in Chibi. Rocks and clouds collapsed, and stormy waves swept the coast, rolling up thousands of piles of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. My old country is falling, and I should laugh when I am affectionate. I was born with Fahua. Life is like mail, and one statue is still on the moon. 4. An old woman can explain another famous story, in which the hero is Bai Juyi: Every time Bai Letian writes a poem, an old woman explains it and asks, Can you explain it? Say it and record it. If you don't understand, it's simple enough. Therefore, the poems in the late Tang Dynasty are close to the common customs. He also said: Lotte poetry is easy to get in the world, and Lei tastes in a gentleman's house. When he saw Bai Gong's poem, he scribbled on the paper and became an article, which was similar to his first work. Bai Juyi's poem "Cold Zhai Night Talk" is not his own hard work, but going out to face users. The old lady leaves the factory if she can understand it, and returns to the furnace if she can't understand it. Fourth, it is difficult to change poetry into poetry. Yuan Mei, an old man traveling with the garden, said, "Poetry is hard to change. Why? He explained: a poem is popular and easy to write. If you change the poem, the party will be over and the overall situation will be settled. One or two sentences are restless and energetic, and you can't ask for them easily. Even after a month or two, I got it unexpectedly. Liu Zhifeng and the so-called "rich in ten thousand words, embarrassed in one word" really mean it. Xunzi said, "The person who missed the needle can't find it, but suddenly gets it;" If you don't look, you will get it with your eyes. " The so-called "eyes" can even be said to be arrogance. There is a saying in the Tang Dynasty: "I can't find it all day, sometimes I come by myself." That is, "get it by eye" is also called. Poetry writing in Suiyuan Poetry Talk is the product of inspiration, which can't stop when literature is surging. However, changing poetry is different. The inspiration at that time has passed. If one or two words are inappropriate, it is difficult to find a substitute. This is what Liu Xie, the author of Wen Xin Diao Long, said: "There are thousands of articles in Qian Qian, but only one word is embarrassing. "It's like a needle falling to the ground. If you find it, it's not good for your eyes. You just happen to see it. This is the meaning of Tang poetry "I can't find it all day, sometimes I come by myself". After a long journey, you must count your talents. I can't find several places, but sometimes I come. Zhen Feng contains plain hair, and autumn scenery enters the mourning stage. Singing to frost toad must be mourning for ghosts and gods. (Tang Guanxiu)? Conclusion Poetry never tires of changing, and it is hard to change. Du Fu said, "If you change a new poem, you can sing it. "."The reason why I want to recite is because it is said that Ouyang Xiu wrote a poem, and after writing it, he posted it on the wall and changed it, and even changed the words after the work was completed. It is said that Han Ju not only likes to help others change poems, but also likes to change poems herself. Some poems have been given to friends for several years, but he still takes them back and changes a few words before returning them to others. Have the power to sharpen the knife and not mistake the woodcutter, and change endlessly for life. There are also people who have written the number of years, and it is easier to catch up with one or two words, so they do less and do well. " (The Complete Works of Mr. Houcun, Volume 95) What do you think of such people? Do you have it with you? @ Lao Jie Wei Li Ning's two poems about Lushan Waterfall were praised by Su Shi. Which one do you like? Why do some people pay special attention to leveling? Must I proofread the meter before reading the poem? Su Shi said that writing poetry must be poetry. Yuan Mei said, either a poem or a poet.