What is the poet Su Shi?

1. The birth of a genius is unstoppable

In 1037 AD, all the vegetation on Meishan Mountain in Sichuan suddenly withered overnight. People couldn’t figure out what happened for a while, until 65 years later, the trees on this mountain suddenly came to life again. Later, the locals said that this was related to a person. Who was he? He is Su Shi, the famous literary giant of the Northern Song Dynasty that we are going to introduce today.

Su Shi was born in Meishan, Sichuan. His father, Su Xun, was a pauper. His mother, the Cheng family, was a little richer and generally considered well-off. However, although Su Xun was poor and had never passed the Jinshi examination in his life, he still became one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Why? Failure to pass the Jinshi examination does not mean that you cannot read. There is a sentence in the "Three Character Classic" describing Su Xun's reading: "Su Laoquan, at twenty-seven, began to be angry and read." This means that Su Xun was before the age of twenty-seven. He was just a young man who didn't like reading. He only started to study hard behind closed doors after he was twenty-seven years old.

"Brother Su, let's go out for a drink!" "No, I'm studying."

"Brother Su, I went shopping in Kaifeng recently!" "No, I'm studying. ”

In this way, Su Xun studied behind closed doors and did not think about food and drinks. He read, read, and wrote every day. Not only did he teach himself better and better, but he also cultivated two talents by the way. A good boy who loves reading is Su Shi and his younger brother Su Che.

Su Xun was very strict with his two children. In his later years, Su Shi had a dream one night. He dreamed that Su Xun was checking his recitation. woke up. When he woke up, he was as flustered as if there was a fishhook in his mouth. Think about it, if an old man wakes up from his dream and is frightened by his father, how strict is Su Xun? You can also read this poem to get a feel for it:

The night dream is like a child wandering about, but the father and teacher scold him and take away the book in shock.

It was the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and now it is the beginning of the year and the beginning of Huanzhuang.

With palpitations and uneasy feeling, standing up and sitting up is like fishing.

In this way, under Su Xun's strict requirements, Su Shi memorized it every day until he memorized the 800,000-word "Han Shu" backwards and forwards, and Su Shi's genius traits gradually emerged. , when he was ten years old, he once wrote an article "Ode to the Sharp Rat", in which he said: "A man can break a jade worth a thousand pieces of gold without losing his voice in a broken cauldron. "

The meaning of this poem is: "A person remains calm when breaking a jade worth a thousand gold, but may scream when breaking a pot; a person can fight a tiger, but when I can't help but be a little scared when I see wasps and poisonous scorpions. "It's really admirable to have such insights at such a young age.

An article will take you through the life of the genius Su Shi

2. Pass the Jinshi examination and become famous all over the world

When he grew up, Su Shi was even more amazing , in 1056 AD, Su Xun took Su Shi, who was in his early twenties, and Su Che, who was 19, to take the exam in Beijing. In the era of "Seventy Young Scholars", after layers of selection, the 21-year-old Su Shi was The first time I took the exam hosted by the Ministry of Etiquette, I got second place.

You may say: "Oh, he's only second?" In fact, as you think, Su Shi should have been first, and all this is due to one person, that is Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world at the time. .

The examiner Ouyang Xiu saw Su Shi's article when he was marking the exam. At that time, Ouyang Xiu's mental activity was like this: "Hey, ah ah! How come this article is so well written and so wonderful? There’s nothing to say about getting the first place!"

However, just when Ouyang Xiu was about to get the first place on this test paper, another thought suddenly appeared in his mind, and he hesitated: "Yes. I’m afraid my student Zeng Gong is the only one who can write such a good article! If I gave him the first place, wouldn’t they all say that I’m covering for him? It’s not bad to give him the second place.” That’s it. Yang Cuo was given a second place "good result" by Ouyang Xiu.

As soon as the result came out, Ouyang Xiu was dumbfounded: "Meishan Su Shi? How is this possible!" In fact, he didn't know that there are people outside the world, and there is a sky outside the world. After that, Ouyang Xiu collected some articles by Su Shi. As he read them, he felt sweat dripping down his back: "Genius, genius, in thirty years, no one will know me anymore. I am such a talented person. I should stay out of the way and let go." He has a head start.

”

This is how the idiom “getting ahead” comes from. After that, Su Shi opened his mouth with his own pen and won the first place in the system examination in a century, and his official career was also booming. His rise was unstoppable. From then on, he became famous in the capital and became a well-known celebrity in the literary and art circles.

This article will take you through the life of the genius Su Shi

3. Opposed to the reform and was framed

In fact, in addition to his good writing skills, Su Shi was also very kind as an official and always considered the people. However, he happened to encounter Wang Anshi's reform. At that time, the officials in the court were divided into reformers and reactionaries. Among the reformists, Su Shi did not support Wang Anshi’s reform, so he was an anti-reformist. His point of view was: “Isn’t this nonsense? How can there be such a powerful reform? There are loopholes everywhere and the people are miserable. "What's even more irritating is that the current emperor Song Shenzong actually supports Wang Anshi very much.

Although Su Shi has a good heart, he is a sharp-tongued man who speaks his mind without saying anything. Although he did not cover it up, he also offended many people. Su Shi criticized the new law again and again. Today he wrote a "Shang Shenzong Emperor's Letter" and tomorrow he wrote a "Shang Shenzong Emperor's Letter" to complain to Song Shenzong, and said: " In this case, I will no longer stay in the court. I will go somewhere to benefit the people. ”

The genius was still too proud, but the reality was very skinny. Later, Emperor Shenzong had nothing to do with Su Shi. After all, he supported Wang Anshi, so after an edict, Su Shi was appointed to Hangzhou. .

However, Su Shi was not discouraged: "Then I will benefit the people! "He traveled to Hangzhou, Mizhou, and Xuzhou to serve the people, catching locusts, repairing wells, praying for rain, etc., and won wide acclaim. However, Su Shi's outstanding performance became a thorn in the eyes of the reformists. They learned from Su Shi's poems Wen set out to search for evidence of Su Shi's crimes and wanted to persecute him. When he was transferred to Huzhou as the magistrate, disaster struck.

The villains of the reform faction launched a literary inquisition against Su Shi: “Who makes you the most active, the most talkative, and the most influential? "In this way, Su Shi was falsely accused and imprisoned in Yushitai's prison for almost three or four months. It is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history.

He suffered all kinds of torture in the prison. He was so thin that he even prepared suicide pills and had no intention of getting out alive. However, there were so many people interceding for Su Shi later that even Wang Anshi, who had retired, came out to intercede for Su Shi (it can be seen that the two of them came out. It is the struggle between gentlemen). At the same time, the ancestors of the emperors of the Song Dynasty established a rule saying: "You cannot kill scholar-bureaucrats. "

Su Shi was not beheaded, but after he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted from a mayor to Huangzhou, Hubei Province, where he was still a prisoner under house arrest called "Huang". "Deputy envoy of the state regiment training, resettled in the state, not allowed to sign official documents", how cruel.

An article will take you through the life of the genius Su Shi

4. Being demoted to Huangzhou, Living life in a fancy way

However, Su Shi is a very optimistic person, he is an invincible Xiaoqiang! Not only did he not give up hope in life, but he came out of his sadness and even shouted out famous sayings. : “Looking back to the desolate place where I came from, there was neither wind, rain nor sunshine. Xiao Su, I will not be knocked down. I must always be strong and brave. ”

At first, Su Shi had no place to live. The local mayor Xu Junyou admired Su Shi’s talent so much that he lent Su Shi a place to live in Lingao Pavilion, a post station on the riverside. Under the guidance of Q spirit, Su Shi began to obtain "wealth in life" through "self-paralysis"

In terms of living, although the house was very poor, Su Shi said:

"Eighty steps below Lingao Pavilion is the river, half of which is Emei Snow Water. I can take all my food, drink and bathing, so why bother returning home!" There is no permanent master in the country, mountains, wind and moon, and those who are idle are the masters. I heard that Fan Zifeng’s new garden is better than this? What's worse is that there is no tax or service money. "

What do you mean? Recreating the scene at that time, Su Shi said: "Although my house is leaking, it is a river-view house. When I go out, I will walk straight to the river. The water in the river comes from Mount Emei. Water, and the mountains, water, wind, and moon on this river are all mine.

I heard that so and so built a very luxurious garden? How does it compare to me? Can't compare! And he still has to pay taxes, but mine doesn’t! "It can be said that Honey is confident!

As for food, although he can't afford the mutton that rich people eat, he can only eat pork that even poor people disdain to eat, but Su Shi was stunned. The pork that people wanted made a famous dish called "Dongpo Pork".

Rinse the pan, add less water, and wait for it to cook until it is cooked. At that time, he was pretty. The rich people in Huangzhou refused to eat the good pork, but the poor people didn't know how to cook it. If they got up in the morning, they would have nothing to do with it.

What do you mean? ? Su Shi first explained how to make Dongpo Pork, and then said: "Rich people won't eat it, but poor people won't eat it. Fortunately, I'm good at it!" I made it delicious! Never mind them, I'll have a good time myself first. "In this way, Su Shi solved the problem of eating again.

As for Su Shi, who had no wine to drink, he learned to make wine and drink it by himself, so "Dongpo Honey Wine" appeared. He designed it by himself without clothes to wear, and "Dongpo Honey Wine" appeared. "Dongpo hat", this Dongpo hat was later imitated by literati in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is another story.

After the money was spent, they farmed the land and built a piece of wasteland that no one wanted and named it "Dongpo hat". "I was also known as the "Dongpo layman", so I built a house and named it "Snow Hall", planted bamboos and plum blossoms, and said it was my study room, where I usually drew "Dead Trees and Strange Rocks" and wrote " "Cold Food Post", and then sighed narcissistically: "Ah! I might be the reincarnation of Tao Yuanming! ”

When he had nothing to do, he went around looking for fun, eating melon seeds and telling ghost stories to the farmers around him. When he ate a very crispy cake, he named it “Why Shenzhou”, and he drank too much. Wine made from water is called "misplaced water". Today I went to Chibi to play and wrote a poem "Niannujiao·Red Cliff". When I felt good, I asked my friends to go to Chibi to play and then write a "Red Cliff Ode". I couldn't sleep at night. Then I went to Chibi to write a piece of "Post-Chibi Ode", which turned out to be a famous poem. I turned my poor life into a paradise on earth.

The poems written by Su Shi in Huangzhou became famous. , the "Dongpo Pork" made has become a classic, "Dongpo" is unknown to everyone, "Why is it so crispy" and "wrong water" have become jokes through the ages, "Dongpo Hat" is sought after by people, "Dry Wood and Strange Rocks" "Han Shi Tie" has become a priceless treasure. Who would have thought that Su Shi was a farmer and criminal in Huangzhou?

< p>An article will take you through the life of the genius Su Shi

5. The short spring, being demoted again and again

Maybe even God can’t stand it anymore, Song Shenzong actually Su Shi relented and wanted to promote him, but he died not long after. Empress Dowager Gao, who was newly in charge of the government, also admired Su Shi very much. It can be said that things have changed. After Su Shi stayed in Huangzhou for four years, his official position continued to rise. He was promoted to the position of deputy prime minister.

Although Su Shi went to work in a local area due to party disputes, he was not idle. Today he built a Su Causeway, tomorrow he built Three Pools Reflecting the Moon, and now Su Shi built one of the eight scenic spots in the West Lake. "Spring Dawn on the Su Di" and "Three Pools Mirroring the Moon" are still in an invincible position. It can be said that he has exerted his power as a master of architecture.

However, it didn't take long for the situation to change again, and Queen Mother Gao. After his death, Song Zhezong, who admired his father, directly demoted Su Shi to Huizhou, Guangdong. Huizhou can be said to be a place of death. Basically, officials who go here are either dead or injured, but who is Su Shi! But he is a very optimistic person! His Ah Q spirit took over again:

"I wonder if Lingnan is good, this is my hometown": I want to regard this sentence as the truth, the environment It’s not important, the mentality is the most important!

“If you eat three hundred lychees a day, you will never give up and become a Lingnan native. ": For example, you see there is nothing wrong with Lingnan! I can't even finish eating three hundred lychees a day, and I am much happier than the officials in the court, hahahaha!

"Every household in Lingnan is in spring. There is a quiet guest apartment. ": And there are so many beautiful places in Lingnan! What's wrong with that, hahaha!

"No one eats sheep bones? I eat! I grilled it and ate it. It was delicious. I’m not that good at it! "Thousands of years later, people today prefer to eat sheep bones instead of mutton. There is also a fashionable name called "Sheep Scorpion." Su Shi can be said to have led the trend of the times.

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In this way, Su Shi, who was in his sixties, was demoted to Hainan Island again. But after arriving in Hainan, Su Shi remained optimistic. Although Hainan has "no meat to eat, no medicine for diseases, no room to live in, no friends to go out, no charcoal in winter, and no cold springs in summer", don't forget that Su Shi has super adaptability. , he started his own wilderness survival, for example: building a house in the palm forest, learning the local language, etc. Who can imagine the scene of a 60-year-old Su Shi, shirtless and speaking Hainanese Mandarin, building a house in a palm forest?

Besides, isn’t there no meat in Hainan? Then look for wild ones. Finally one day, Su Shi found something called oysters. He cooked them, grilled them, and ate them however they wanted. I thought it was a delicacy in the world, so I quickly wrote to my son: "Son! Dad has found a delicious food! Emma! It is so delicious, but this will be our family's secret from now on, you must not tell Others, otherwise someone will come and snatch it from me."

Su Shi, who was in his sixties and was demoted to Hainan Island to survive in the wilderness, was not defeated by life and still maintained his usual attitude. Innocence and humor.

An article will take you through the life of the genius Su Shi

6. A generation of superstars will eventually fall

However, Song Zhezong turned out to be short-lived as well The emperor actually died in 1101. Su Shi, who had never expected to return alive, actually returned to the mainland alive.

Su Shi summed up his life and said: "Ask you about your life achievements, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou" and also issued a cry to defend himself: "Who embellishes the scattered clouds and the bright moon, the sky and the sea are clear! ”

However, even though he returned to the mainland, Su Shi did not escape the clutches of death. Su Shi, who had just returned, fell seriously ill and eventually died in Changzhou, Jiangsu.

Even when he died, Su Shi was very relieved. He smiled and said: "I have never done any bad things in my life. Although I may not go to heaven, I will definitely not go to hell."

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Just like this, a generation of literary giants fell away.

7. All-round literary and artistic talent, optimistic and open-minded

Su Shi's life can be described as ups and downs. He was a genius, a criminal in Huangzhou, a deputy prime minister, a criminal in Huizhou, and a criminal in Danzhou. However, although Su Shi's life was full of misfortunes, we can find that Su Shi seemed to be an unbeatable tumbler who actively created a beautiful life no matter what the environment.

Dongpo meat, Dongpo soup, Dongpo tofu, sheep scorpions, grilled oysters, and Dongpo honey wine made Su Shi a gourmet master. Dongpo hats and Dongpo towels were called masters of design. Su Di Chunxiao, Santan Yinyue can be said to be a master of architecture.

In addition, he also left a lot of thousands of poems and essays, such as "Niannujiao·Nostalgia in Chibi", "Shui Tiao Ge Tou·When Will the Bright Moon Come", "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou", etc. , known as "one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", and also invented idioms such as "Be confident" and "Hedong lion's roar". He is a well-deserved master in the Chinese literary world.