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Chinese name: Wang Zhi, gender: male, year: Ming Dynasty, nationality: Han nationality, year of birth and death:? — 1560

biography

Wang Zhi (? -1560), the history book was mistakenly written as Huizhou (now Shexian County, Anhui Province). During the Jiajing period, he privately built ships with Ye Zongman and others, violated the ban on going to sea, and engaged in overseas trade, which gained a lot. He was called the "Lord of the Five Peaks" and later lured the Japanese pirates to settle in Shuangyu Port, Zhejiang Province. In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), Zhu Wan, the governor of Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty, sent troops to suppress Shuangyu Port. Wang Zhi led Dang Yu across the ocean to Japan, calling himself King Hui. Thirty-two years (1553), Wang Zhi and others colluded with the Japanese and invaded the southeast coast, successively capturing Shanghai, Jiangsu, Huizhou, Nanjing and other places, burning and looting. Hu Zongxian, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, sent Jiangzhou to Japan to lure Wang Zhi into rebellion. In the winter of 38 AD (1560), Wang Zhi was trapped in Hangzhou and killed.

Become a pirate leader through smuggling and hire Japanese to disturb the coast of China.

Recently, the "Wang Zhi Tomb" and its "Fangming Pagoda" built in Shexian County, Anhui Province, which were donated by Fujiang Municipal Government of Nagasaki Prefecture and some Japanese people, were smashed by two university teachers, causing a controversy in China. Who's Wang Zhi? Why did two teachers smash his tombstone? This has to start from the Ming Dynasty.

In the mid-Ming dynasty, the Japanese pirates became an important foreign invader of the Ming government. In the early days, Japanese pirates were "real pirates", most of them were Japanese and a few were Koreans. In the later period, they were mostly "slaves", that is, China people who participated in the Japanese rebellion. Wang Zhi is one of the important leaders.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang helped Fang Guozhen and Zhang Shicheng to compete for the world because of the people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and banned the people from going to sea. In the third year of Yongle (1405), the maritime trade was resumed and the maritime ban was relaxed. In the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing (1547), there was a relatively free trade period in the Ming Dynasty, where people exchanged needed needed goods and maritime trade was relatively prosperous.

In the late Jiajing period, due to the exorbitant taxes and exploitation of officials and gentry, people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces were in distress, and a large number of refugees fled overseas to make a living. Coastal coastal defense officials deliberately exaggerated, which led the central government of the Ming Dynasty to mistakenly think that "the armed forces at sea plundered the good people under my jurisdiction" and called all those who went to sea for business as "accomplices and traitors", thus tightening the maritime ban.

At that time, Chinese mainland people were eager to get huge profits from their trade with China and sent a large number of merchant ships to Japan. Due to the lack of formal procedures, these merchant ships were rejected by the Ming government. After the Japanese army was rejected, some of them were not eager to return to China, but colluded with the "Fan Tong traitors" drifting along the coast and occupied the coastal islands. In addition, after the Portuguese occupied Macao in 15 17, they also began to trade with the coastal residents of China, which further aggravated the tension between the government and the people in the coastal areas.

Wang Zhiben was originally from Shexian County, Anhui Province. Japanese historical materials call him "the Lord of the Five Peaks", and some historical materials also call him ""because his ancestral home is Wang. He first partnered with fellow countryman Xu to sell illicit salt, and after failing, he went to Zhejiang and Fujian coastal areas to engage in other smuggling activities. In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), Wang Zhi built a double-masted ship in Guangdong privately, engaged in smuggling activities of materials prohibited by the government, such as sulfur, saltpeter, raw silk and cotton cloth, and frequently traveled to Japan, the southeast coast of China, and even Siam (now Thailand).

In the early years of Jiajing, there were mainly two Zhejiang merchants gangs active at sea, one headed by Li Guangtou, a Fujian native, and the other headed by Xu Dong, Shexian County, Huizhou. Xu Dong's business groups initially cooperated with Portugal, and later Japanese private businessmen joined in. Wang Zhi and Xu Dong are fellow villagers, so they joined his enterprise group. After Xu Dong and Li Guangtou were wiped out by the Ming army for engaging in piracy, Wang Zhi quickly became the leader of the refugee business group. He first led the people to live in Liebiao Mountain (also known as Liegang), a barrier in eastern Zhejiang, about 50 miles north of Dinghai County, and then paid tribute to Shouguang, Japan, who had been living in the coastal areas of China, to take shelter in Japan.

Wang Zhi kept trying to get close to officials of Haidao and Weifang in the Ming Dynasty, and wiped out other pirate gangs for him with his own strength, in exchange for the goodwill and support of officials in the Ming Dynasty, so as to open the market.

After the continuous movement of the Ming Dynasty and private collusion with local officials, Wang Zhi gradually gained the maritime monopoly position between China and Japan, and all the new vessels of Haitong Fan dared to sail at sea under the banner of "Five Peaks". However, Wang Zhi's behavior has always been contrary to the "no sea" policy of the central government of the Ming Dynasty.

The behavior of Wang Zhi Group attracted the attention of the central government in the Ming Dynasty, and the government sent Zhu Wan and others to wipe out armed refugees along the coast of Zhejiang. They sent troops to attack Wang Zhi in two ways, and Wang Zhi had to move its activity base to Japan.

The foreign trade policy of Japanese rulers provided Wang Zhi with good conditions for staying in guest houses. Wang Zhi is good at wooing and making friends, and has won the trust of the Japanese. He settled in Hirado, Japan (present-day Nagasaki Prefecture), hung the banner of "King of Emblem" and built a huge Chinese-style house in Hirado's mountain. At least 3,000 people from China followed him to settle in Hirado and Fukushima, and ships with 300 people can often be seen in the port. Wang Zhi used this as a base to absorb anti-Ming forces and used Japanese ronin to launch many cross-sea attacks on the coastal areas of China.

In the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1556), the Ming government appointed Hu Zongxian as the governor of Zhejiang. Emperor Jiajing was determined to destroy bandits and never spare thieves.

At the beginning of March of that year, Wang Zhi sent a message to the China government, expressing his willingness to obey orders and help eliminate refugees from all parts of Songjiang, hoping to obtain the commitment of the Ming government to open coastal trade. Hu Zongxian deliberately created an atmosphere of cross-strait peace and trapped Wang Zhi.

Due to the tense situation along the coast at that time, Hu Zongxian dared not kill Wang Zhi rashly and put him under house arrest for more than two years. He hoped that the hooligans would disband themselves because they lost their leaders, but the effect was not great. In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), Wang Zhi was executed on December 25th.