Which country did ice cream originate from?

There are many theories about the origin of ice cream.

★As far as the West is concerned, it is said that around the 4th century BC, when Alexander the Great was on an expedition to Egypt, he preserved the winter snow in the Alps and froze the fruit or juice for consumption, thereby enhancing the soldiers' ability to function. morale. There are also records showing Palestinians using ice and snow in caves or canyons to beat the heat. Among the various theories, the most convincing one started in China. In 1292, Marco Polo's "Oriental Insights" written after traveling in China recorded that he brought the recipe for his favorite frozen milk in Beijing back to Venice and spread it in northern Italy. The traditional frozen food from the East was introduced to the West through Marco Polo, and was further developed and industrialized, thus giving birth to today's ice cream.

★Frozen Milk, which has been consumed in China a long time ago, was introduced to the West by Marco Polo, but it is as popular all over the world as it is today. It was around 1660 that the first 'Cafe opened in Paris Procope', Italian Cotelli makes fruit juices that add flavor to oranges or lemons, freezes them and sells them as ice.

But the product at this time has large ice crystals and is closer to frozen juice than ice cream. The first production of products with small and soft ice crystals like today was started by the royal chef of King Louis of France in 1774.

It was called cream ice at this time. Later, with the extensive use of condensed milk, condensed milk, milk powder and other raw materials, it began to be called ice cream. Then, ice cream was introduced to the United Kingdom and the United States via France, and gradually became known to people.

★In 1851, in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, milk merchant JACOB FUSSEL realized the industrialization of ice cream.

He established a factory in Baltimore, USA, and began mass-producing ice cream. With the invention of the isobaric machine in 1899, the circulating refrigerator in 1902, and the continuous refrigerator in 1913, the industrialization of ice cream has developed rapidly around the world.

On the other hand, the ice cream cone made its debut at the 1904 St. Louis Everything's Fair.

History of ice cream:

1. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to make ice in summer.

2． In the Song Dynasty, merchants began to add fruits or juice to cold food.

3． In the Yuan Dynasty, some people even added fruit pulp and milk to ice.

4. In the 13th century, Marco Polo brought the method of making ice cream to Italy, and the Italians spread it to France. The French invented a semi-solid ice cream - mixed with cream, milk, spices and then carved with patterns to make the ice cream more colorful and delicious.

5. So far, there are more and more types of ice cream, and it has become a food that everyone likes.

Amidst the overwhelming icy advertisements in the hot summer, there is always an ice cream that makes your heart beat. It is there, always full of temptation, and can never be replaced.

The history of ice cream:

The earliest ice-cold drinks originated in China. At that time, in order to relieve the summer heat, the emperors asked slaves to take ice from winter and store it in cellars. Take it out and enjoy. Around the end of the Tang Dynasty, people mined a large amount of saltpeter when producing gunpowder. They found that when saltpeter is dissolved in water, it absorbs a lot of heat and can cool the water to 圜? Luan コ squid to vulgar juju oyster na play? Qianyan Qiang supports the prize? Luo? Si Ting 5 stirs up the counsel yet? Comedy ∩ Xia 涫车 curtain ㄑ? Throw the howling swan and poke and play? If the sound is good, file 呒 by fiber? The method of making ice cream was not known until the 13th century. By the Italian traveler Marco. Brought to Italy by Polo. Later, there was a man named Charles Xin in Italy. The recipe brought back by Polo added orange juice, lemon juice, etc., and it was called "Charlsin" drink.

In 1553, when Henry II, the later king of France, got married, he invited a chef from Italy who knew how to make ice cream. His innovative cream ice cream opened the eyes of the French. Later, a brave Italian introduced ice cream to France.

In 1560, a personal chef of Queen Catherine of France invented a semi-solid ice cream in order to change the queen's taste. He mixed cream, milk, and spices into it and engraved patterns to make the ice cream more colorful and delicious. tasty.

Ice cream was most likely developed from flavored water ice. In the fourth century BC, Alexander I used ice and snow to freeze his wine. In 62 AD, the Roman Emperor Nero sent his Slaves went to the mountains to collect ice and snow to freeze with fruit pulp and honey. Among the many discoveries made by Marco Polo during his travels to the Far East, there was a recipe for frozen desserts that included milk.

Although these early The concoctions are very similar to ice, frost and dew, but they have a profound impact on the production of ice cream. The fact that ice cream first appeared in Europe in the 16th century has been accepted by the general public. However, no one Man is confirmed to have discovered this delicious treat.

The first record of ice cream appeared in England in 1769. In the mid-19th century, Jacobo, a milk dealer in Baltimore. Jacobfussell decided to deal with his excess cream by making ice cream. Soon he found that his ice cream business was far more profitable than his milk business, so he devoted all his equipment to making ice cream and opened Several other ice cream factories. Today, he is considered the father of wholesale ice cream in the United States.

1. Foreign situation

The development of cold drinks must start with the development of refrigeration technology. The earliest The inventor of refrigeration technology was the Englishman Filken. In the early 19th century, he manufactured the world's first compressor using ether as the refrigerant. As early British colonists entered the United States, they also brought ice cream production technology with them. In 1851 The first ice cream factory was built in the United States; between 1860 and 1872, the Frenchman Caisse, the American Spinner and the German Linde successively invented compressors using ammonia as the refrigerant. Since then, the production technology of frozen storage and frozen drinks has undergone fundamental changes. Soon the Swede Laval invented the cream separator, which played a decisive role in the production of high-fat ice cream. In 1890, the American Babcock invented the pasteurized fat bottle, which played a decisive role in detecting the fat content in milk, cream and ice cream. From 1909 to 1912, the Frenchman Goering created the first high-pressure homogenizing pump, which played a key role in improving the organizational state and expansion rate of ice cream; in 1917, the British Jonnier Brothers invented the method to measure the expansion rate of ice cream. The technology played a guiding role in increasing the expansion rate. By 1920, the taste and nutritional value of ice cream had been generally recognized. Since then, ice cream has become very popular with the public; in 1921, Japan began to produce American-style ice cream; in 1926, the United States The Food Research Institute has conducted further research on the sterilization method of the mixture. Due to the improvement of refrigeration, the development of transportation, the promotion of household refrigerators, the improvement of packaging, the establishment of chain sales networks and the improvement of ice cream ingredient standards, consumers have People can buy ice cream everywhere, and cold drinks are blooming all over the world.

Currently, the production methods have been controlled by computers and automated. Famous manufacturers specializing in the production of cold drink equipment in the world include GLACER and CREPAC0, members of the American APV Company, HOYER of the Swedish ALFA-LAVAL Group, MAKE of Italy, etc. At present, the world's largest ice cream producer is the United States, with an annual output of more than 8 million tons and an average of more than 40 kilograms per capita. In the past two years, my country's cold drink production has hovered around 1.2 million tons, with an average per capita of about 0.9 kilograms. It is far away from developed countries and has development prospects.

2. Domestic situation

The development of my country's cold drink industry can be roughly divided into four stages:

The first stage (1927-1950)

In 1927, the American businessman Haining Sheng opened Haining Foreign Trade Co., Ltd. in Shanghai and used mechanical methods to produce popsicles. This was the driest cold drink manufacturer in my country. At that time, the product was cylindrical, and the daily output was only 2,000-3,000 pieces. In 1932, the factory changed the popsicle mold to a flat and long shape. In addition to fruity popsicles, it also produced red bean and mung bean popsicles, 2000g tinplate canned ice cream, 320g three-color and vanilla large ice cubes, two-color paper cups, purple ice cream, etc.

In 1948, the factory was resold to the pseudo-logistics department (now Yimin Food Factory No. 1). Later, it established a joint venture with the British business Yihe Egg Factory to establish Haihe Co., Ltd. to continue to produce the above products and register The trademark is "Beauty Brand".

The class produces 12 tons of popsicles and ice cream, and more than 2 tons of ice cream. This was the largest cold drink factory in my country before liberation, accounting for more than 70% of the country's output.

The second stage (1951-1980)

All parts of the country have successively expanded the cold drink food industry and carried out technical exchanges across the country. The annual output of cold drinks has reached about 80,000 tons, which can be called production Development, technology exchange stage

The third stage (1981-1990)

Many manufacturers introduced foreign advanced equipment, increased varieties, and the annual output reached 544,000 tons. In this stage, technology introduction and technical consultation are quite active, which can be called a stage of extensive communication and innovation.

The fourth stage (1991-present)

Foreign businessmen have come to China to invest and establish joint ventures, joint ventures have been established, and private enterprises have become involved. The annual output has reached 1.2 million tons, with more than 3,000 varieties. This stage can be called the rapid development stage.

At present, the domestic cold drink market is divided into three parts: foreign-funded enterprises occupy most of the high-end market, domestic enterprises occupy the mid-range, and most township and village enterprises and private enterprises occupy the low-end market. Guangdong, Beijing, and Shanghai are currently the three regions with the most concentrated production and sales, accounting for 25% of national sales.