Who is in Pang Tuyuan's Three Kingdoms?

Pang Tong (an important adviser under Liu Bei's account at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty)

Pang Tong (179-2 14) was born in Xiangyang, Jingzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei) in the Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei, an important counselor, and Zhuge Liang became captains together. With Liu Bei in Sichuan, when Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang, he put forward three strategies, which Liu Bei used. When Pang Tong entered Luowei County, he led a group of people to attack the city, but unfortunately, he died halfway. Only 36 years old, he was posthumously named Shanhaiguan Hou, No. Later, the place where Pang Tong was buried was named Luofengpo.

Original name

Pang Tong

Another name

Feng Chu

Characters and numbers used to specify serial numbers.

Shiyuan

The Times

Eastern Han Dynasty

Ethnic groups

Han Chinese

birthplace

Jingzhou Xiangyang

At birth

179

death time

265438+August 29, 2004

Major achievements

Assist Liu Bei to enter Shu and gain Sichuan.

occupation

Army adviser

posthumous title

Hou Jing

The life of the character

Early experience

Statue of Pang Tong

Pang Tong was simple when he was a child, but he didn't look smart on the surface. When Si Mahui was personable and knowledgeable, Pang Tong visited him when he was twenty years old. Si Mahui was sitting on a mulberry tree picking mulberry leaves, while Pang Tong was sitting under the tree. These two people talk to each other from morning till night. Si Mahui was surprised at Pang Tong and said that no one could compare with Pang Tong. With Si Mahui's words, Pang Tong gradually became known.

Pang Degong in Xiangyang called Pang Tong "Feng Chu", Zhuge Liang as Wolong and Sima Caode as water mirror. Xu Shu once said to Liu Bei, Wolong Feng Chu can be safe! Pang Tong used Lu Ji and Gu Shao to evaluate these characters, claiming that he had the ability to assist the emperor.

Pang Tong was later called Gongcao by the county. He likes to evaluate people and cultivate their reputations, so he often evaluates people beyond their actual talents. People feel very strange about this, so they ask Pang Tong. Pang Tong said, "There is great chaos in the world today, and the way of justice is declining. There are few good people and many evil people. I want to put forward such a custom to encourage the right path, so we should carry forward good examples and improve the world style. If we don't do this, there will be fewer and fewer good people. If you can improve five out of ten people, you will have finished half of it, so as to achieve the goal of educating the world and encouraging people with lofty ideals. Is this impossible? "

Wu Dong brought the funeral.

In the 14th year of Jian 'an (209), the Sun-Liu Alliance defeated hundreds of thousands of troops of Cao Cao in the Battle of Red Cliffs, and then Zhou Yu repelled Coss stationed in Nanjun. In order to create a contradiction between Sun and Liu's alliance, Cao Cao appointed Zhou Yu as the prefect of Nanjun in the name of a fake emperor. The following year, Zhou Yu prepared to attack surprisingly, but suddenly fell ill and died in Baqiu. Pang Tong sent Zhou Cao to Dongwu. Most people in Dongwu have heard of Pang Tong's name. When Pang Tong was ready to go back, he sent Pang Tong to Nagato with Lu Ji, Gu Shao, Quan Cong and others. Pang Tong knew their purpose and told them: "Lu Ji can be said to be a Hummer, and Gu Shao can also be said to be a Hummer. He said to Quan Cong, "You like to appreciate me, just like Fan Zhaozi in Runan. Although he lacks intelligence, he is also a beauty for a while. Lu Ji and Gu Shao said to Pang Tong, "If the world is peaceful, I hope to judge the world celebrities with you. So Dongwu Luji, Gu Shao, Quan Cong and others made friends in Pang Tong and returned.

Pang Tong was asked afterwards: "In your opinion, is the land record better than Gu Shao?" Pang Tong said, "Although Xu is excellent, he only chooses one person. Niu Yi walks 30 miles a day. Where is the weight of only one person? " It is said that Gu Shao went to see Pang Tong and stayed with Pang Tong, and they talked. Gu Shao asked, "You have a good reputation for knowing people. Tell me, who is better than you? " Pang Tong said: "I can't compare with you in cultivating the secular world and comprehensively analyzing the characters, but if I give advice to the emperor, I can be better than you." Gu felt that Pang Tong's words made sense, so he befriended him.

Go find Liu Bei

Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou and led Jingzhou as a shepherd, while Pang Tong tried to keep Leiyang county magistrate as a shepherd. During his tenure, he was dismissed regardless of county administration. Lu Su of Soochow wrote to Liu Bei, telling him that Pang Tong was not a talented person. Zhuge Liang also told Liu Bei about Pang Tong. So Liu Bei summoned Pang Tong. After some communication, Liu Bei attached great importance to Pang Tong and appointed him Zhizhong, who was closely related to Zhuge Liang. Later, Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang were both military commanders.

Once, Liu Bei chatted with Pang Tong and asked him, "You used to be the hero of Zhou Yu, Cao. I heard that when I went to Wu, Zhou Yu sent a secret letter to Sun Quan, asking him to detain me. I wonder if this really happened. Under whose hand, of course, you should be loyal to whom, and you don't have to hide it. " Pang Tong replied: "This is indeed the case." Liu Bei sighed sincerely: "At that time, I was in danger and wanted Sun Quan, so I had to see him. I almost fell into Zhou Yu's hands when I went! " Liu Bei also said: "People with great wisdom think alike. Kong Ming also advised me not to go at that time, insisting again and again, probably for fear that Sun Quan would detain me. I thought at that time that Sun Quan should be on guard against Cao Cao in the north. He should want me to help him, so he insisted on seeing him without doubt. Now that I think about it, this is indeed an adventure, not a panacea. "

Offer a plan to levy Shu

In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Fa Zheng went to Jingzhou on the orders of Liu Zhang, a priest in Yizhou, to welcome Liu Bei into Yizhou and refuse Zhang Lu. Fa Zheng privately offered Liu Bei a plan and asked Liu Bei to take the opportunity to make profits. Liu Bei hesitated, unable to make up his mind. Pang Tong advised him, saying, "Jingzhou is deserted and dilapidated, and the characters are tired. Moreover, with Sun Quan in the east and Cao Cao in the north, it is difficult to make great progress. Yizhou has millions of families with fertile land and rich products. If you can really capture this place, you can achieve great things. " Liu Bei is still worried: "What is different from me now is Cao Cao. When Cao Cao is anxious, I will be generous. Cao Cao is bullying, so I am kind. Cao Cao is cunning, so I am loyal. Everything is against him, and today's achievements are made. Now, for the sake of profit, you have broken your promise, can you? " Pang Tong said: "In troubled times, we can't stick to the rules, we should improvise. What's more, it is what the ancients paid attention to, annexing the weak, attacking the darkness, obeying orders, and repaying kindness with righteousness. As long as the matter is settled and a piece of land is returned to him, who can say that you have broken your promise? If we don't attack Yizhou now, others will take the lead. " Liu Bei thought that Pang Tong was right and decided to leave Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, while himself led Pang Tong and tens of thousands of soldiers into Yizhou. Liu Zhang, a shepherd from Yizhou, met Liu Bei in Fucheng. Pang Tong suggested that Liu Bei hold Liu Zhang hostage at the banquet, but Liu Bei refused because his thank-you letter to Zhong Shu was invalid. Liu Zhang gave a grand reception to Liu Bei and his men, allocated a lot of troops, grain and munitions to Liu Bei, and even handed him the white water of the strategic pass, ordering him to lead the troops to attack Zhang Lu. Liu Zhang confessed and returned to Chengdu. Liu Bei came to Jia Mengguan.

In December of the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12), Liu Bei had been stationed in Jiamengguan for one year. On the strategic issue, Pang Tong put forward three secrets to Liu Bei: "Selecting elite soldiers and attacking Chengdu day and night can be decided at one stroke, which is the best policy;" Yang Huai and Gao Pei are famous generals in Shu, with elite troops under their command, and they are at a critical juncture. We can pretend to go back to Jingzhou and bring them here, but we can kill them alive and then enter Chengdu. This is a recruit; Back to Bai Di, even lead Jingzhou, slowly into the soil profit, this is the next step. If you hesitate, you will be in great trouble. You can't stay here for a long time. "

Liu Bei thought this move was very reasonable and acted according to the plan. Cut Yang and Pei, and lead troops to Chengdu. All the way, like bamboo, was successfully conquered, and soon arrived in Fucheng. In Fucheng, Liu Bei met the soldiers, bought wine and had fun, and was full of ambition. Drunk, he said to Pang Tong, "Today's banquet should be coming soon." Pang Tong, on the other hand, said, "It's fun to crusade against other countries, but it's not a benevolent soldier." Liu Bei was drunk and said angrily, "Isn't the King of Wu a teacher of benevolence and righteousness? You don't speak well, get out. " So Pang Tong got up and quit. But Liu Bei immediately regretted it and asked him to come back. Pang Tong returned to his original position and sat down. He didn't look at Liu Bei and didn't apologize. He just eats and drinks alone. Liu Bei asked, "Whose fault is our discussion just now?" Pang Tong said, "You and I are both at fault." Liu Bei laughed, and the atmosphere of joy was restored at the party.

Died in Luocheng

In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to conquer Bai Di, Jiangzhou and Jiangyang. Soon, Liu Bei surrounded Los Angeles (now Deyang Guanghan area). Pang Tong led a siege and was shot dead by an arrow. He is 36 years old. Liu Bei deeply regretted it and wept when he talked about Pang Tong. In recognition of his achievements, his father was appointed Ichiro, and later he was promoted to Dr. Suggestion. Liu Bei made Pang Tong Shanhaiguan Hou and posthumous title Jing Hou.

Pang Tong was buried in Luofengpo after his death, and the cemetery only had simple maintenance. It is said that this is the cemetery chosen by Liu Bei for relatives, but it is a treasure trove of geomantic omen and has tombstones.

Historical evaluation

Pang Tong's self-evaluation: As for Wang Ba's other strategies, I seem to have a day's experience.

Chen Shou: Pang Tongya loved the people and thought deeply about learning, so he was called Jun Gao at the time of Jingchu. Buddhism focuses on success or failure, with clever plans and calculations, but it is not called virtue. Is the right person to be jealous of Guo. [ 12]

Pang Tong 13 in the history of the three kingdoms.

Si Mahui: ① The highest scholar in southern states. Virtue and sincerity know people, which is the real virtue. People who know the time care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu.

Lu Su: Pang Shiyuan is not a talented person. In the middle of treatment, he should show the clues when he is not driving.

Yang Opera "Han Ji Chen Fu Zan": The militarist is gorgeous, elegant, deadly and wise, and loyal to his feelings. Only this righteous Sect will repay him when he dies.

Zhuge Liang: Pang Tong, Liao Li and Chu are excellent talents and should be praised by the world.

Practice and gnash your teeth: if your husband is a bully, you will take benevolence and righteousness as the foundation and believe in obedience as a Sect. If he has nothing, he will be fine. Today, Liu Bei attacked and seized Zhang's land. His power is to help industry. He is treacherous and goes against his feelings. He is virtuous and upright. Although the merits are long, it should be a big injury and a big defeat. What is joy? Pang Tong was afraid to reveal what he had said. He knew that his monarch would realize what he had said. Therefore, he tried his best to correct his mistakes instead of being too modest. If you lose your husband, you may be right. If you have a minister, you can win without support. This is reasonable. If you have a minister, you will be high, and if you are reasonable, you will be United. A word that is both good and clear, and a temporary suggestion that has a hundred generations of righteousness, can be said to be general. It is too arrogant and self-defeating to regret its small losses and waste its big profits, and there will be no one who can achieve his career and help. I thought I was planning to attack Liu Zhang. Although the plan was based on unity, it successfully opposed justice. This is due to sophistry, and I feel guilty, so I am happy. So, I heard that I was happy, but I didn't think I was right. The same thing happened when the banquet was lost. Since the tournament was against the king, there was no shame. There is no loss of unity in this preparation, and its cloud' the loss of both the monarch and the minister' covers up the slander. Xi's theory, although the big idea is not good, is almost ruined if it is interpreted.

Justin: A scholar is elegant. Worship good and love things, know the end from the beginning. It's better to be prepared for chaos than to be long. Sir, make a mark to cheer up the breeze. Take precautions, but be timely. Staying up late, righteousness is pursuing the city. Three strategies are old, and hegemony has been based.

Pei Songzhi: Although the plot to attack Liu Zhang was based on reunification, it was successful in antonym. It is based on cunning. Since I feel guilty, I am full of joy, so I feel happy, but I don't feel right. When preparing a sumptuous banquet, everything shares joys and sorrows. I have no sense of shame since I played against the king. This establishment is correct and unified. His phrase "the loss of both the monarch and the minister" covered up the slander.

Cheng: Shu generals such as Guan, Zhang and Pang Tong, Wu generals such as Zhou Yu and Lu Su, have lofty aspirations and are cherished by the world. There are Ma Chao, Huang Zhong, Zhao Yun, Fei Yi, Lv Meng, Cheng Pu, Yan Zhi and Gan Ning, all of whom are brave.

Liu Qi: Now that the masters are separated, the scholars all want to choose their own masters to make contributions, such as Xun You, Jia Xu, Cheng Yu, Guo Jia, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, Lu Su and Zhou Yu, and strive for wisdom and self-efficacy.

Fang Xiaoru: But the emblem is called Kong Ming and Pang Tong, who said I was suspicious. Commentators cherish the early death of reunification, so their achievements are not as good as those of Kong Ming; I said Zhuge Liang didn't make reunification immortal. Confucius' knowledge is almost king; In short, it is a habit of deception and utility. Liu Ying Zhaolie, or Zhaolie takes Yizhou, Zhaolie is afraid of breaking the promise of the world, so please kill him. If Zhao Lie does not obey, it is still the intention of the king to strengthen the obedience of the people of Yizhou; Both reunification and independence are eager to seize Zhang's position, but how modest are they? The king suffers from the lack of virtue, the inconsistency of roads, the narrowness of soil and the smallness of people.

Li Guangdi: "Pang Shiyuan's mind is called' Feng Chu' because he talks about talent without seeking perfection."

Artistic image

Novel image

Liu Bei's army commander. Feng Chu, his number is the same as Zhuge Liang's. Battle of Red Cliffs, who unified Jiangdong and avoided chaos, recommended Lu Su to Zhou Yu, and joined in providing a series of tricks to help Yu defeat the fire. I'm dead. I'll pay my respects at dawn, because I'm unified. At that time, Su also recommended reunification, because reunification was ugly and slow, so it was unnecessary. So he went to Jingzhou to vote for the first master, and was appointed as Leiyang Order because of his glamorous appearance. Unified arrival, ignoring political affairs, the first Lord angrily sent Zhang Fei to blame, flying to know all the talents, and later worshipped Tong as a deputy military commander, and together with Liang * * *, praised the strategy and tutored the sergeant. Later generations took Shu from their ancestors, aiming to slay Yang Huai and get Fu Shui Guan. When attacking Luocheng, because it was too bright, I did not discourage the bright book. When he went to Luofengpo, he was ambushed by Zhang Ren and shot dead by disorderly arrows.

a two-part allegorical saying

Pang Tong is overqualified when he is magistrate of a county.

Film and television image

New (Right) Old (Left) Three Kingdoms Pang Tong Film and Television Image

1985 TV drama Zhuge Liang (Li Faceng Edition): Liu plays Pang Tong;

1985 TV series Zhuge Liang (Adam Cheng Edition): Ceng Weiquan plays Pang Tong;

1993 TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Zhu Shibin and Jin Shugui play Pang Tong;

1996 movie Zhu Gekongming: Shi Yukun plays Pang Tong;

200 1 TV series "Little Zhuge of Wolong": Liu Xiaohu plays Pang Tong;

20 10 TV series "Three Kingdoms": Du Xudong plays Pang Tong;

20 15 TV series returns to Three Kingdoms: Ma Xiaojun plays Pang Tong.

mother

Pang Tong Tomb is also called Longfeng Temple. Beside Baimaguan, Luojiang County, Deyang City, Sichuan Province. Pang Tong's ancestral grave was built by Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han, after his death in Jian 'an 19th year (AD 2 14). Wang Pingfan was in chaos in Shu, and his mausoleum and shrine were destroyed. In the 30th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (169 1), it was restored, with the existing gate, main hall, pavilions and Qifeng Hall on both sides, and Pang Tong's tomb outside. There are thousands of pines and cypresses around the Temple Mausoleum, which are lush and picturesque. There are two cypress trees in the courtyard of the temple, which are said to have been planted by Zhang Fei. Both the main entrance and the side door are engraved with couplets: "Knowing Phoenix as the first emperor, I hope Wolong will be the old minister." On the stone wall behind the main hall, there is a biography of Pang written by Chen Shou in the Jin Dynasty. There are two horse pavilions on both sides, one is the White Horse Pavilion, and the other is the Rouge Pavilion, symbolizing the change of horses between Liu Bei and Pang Tong.

Pang Tong's ancestral grave is located on Laoshan Road, only about 15km away from Deyang, with a layout of three entrances and four exits, and a stone and wood structure (stone wall, stone pillar, stone man, stone pillar gallery and stone window), which is simple and dignified. Shanmen, Dragon and Phoenix Second Division Hall, Qifeng Hall and Pang Tongling are arranged in turn. There are sculptures of Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang in the temple, as well as a large number of precious cultural relics and historical materials such as plaques, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting. The ancient cypresses around the tomb are towering, lush and square. There is a rutted and mossy ancient post road next to the tomb of the shrine, which is the platform for Zhuge Liang's eldest son Zhuge Zhan and Wei Jun Wargo to fight bloody battles. The grotesque ravines and caves are one of the relics of Shu Han.

Pang Tong's tomb in Pang Tong Temple was only built by later generations to commemorate Pang Tong, and its real tomb is near the Phoenix Ridge not far away. On May 25th, 2006, Pang Tong Zufen, as an ancient building in Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.