Rising translation and appreciation

The sky is high and the wind is urgent, the apes sound sad, and the gulls play and hover in the clear water.

The endless leaves are falling, and the Yangtze River is rolling in and rushing.

Lamenting the wandering outside the autumn scenery, I went on stage alone in my old age.

I deeply regret that my temples are getting grayer and grayer. It is very painful for me to give up drinking after illness.

Climbing and appreciating

This poem is included in Du Gongbu's Collected Works. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of long-term wandering, old illness and loneliness by climbing to see the scenery of Qiujiang River. It is impassioned and touching.

The first four sentences of this poem are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here. When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" comes from the gorge, which means "the empty valley echoes, and the sorrow turns to leisurely" ("Water Classic Notes on the River"). The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, apes whistling and birds flying are all made in heaven and naturally paired. Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "day" to "wind" and "height" to "urgency"; The following sentences of "Sha" versus "Zhu" and "Bai" versus "Qing" are full of rhythm. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state. More notably, the first sentence of the couple is usually pronounced in a flat voice at the end, but this poem rhymes in a flat voice. Shen Deqian praised "two sentences still rhyme, but the style has changed" ("Tang Poetry").

This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately. Endless and inexhaustible, it makes the rustling roll more vivid, which reminds people of the rustling of fallen trees and the surging Yangtze River, and invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting and ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east". It is reasonable for predecessors to call it "the absolute step of the past and the present" and "the transformation in the sentence"

The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking of his own exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so he gave birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feelings of a long-time guest who is most likely to be sad and sick and loves a person to go on stage, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this couplet also echo the "Boundless" and "Endless" of the previous couplet: the poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are inexhaustible and cannot be driven away, and his feelings and scenery are integrated. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of missing a stranger, added the content of loneliness after a long separation, added the feeling of sadness and pain in autumn, added the sigh of people who have left their homes in Wan Li and are in their twilight years, and is more poetic.

There are five or six sentences at the end. The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he once longed to climb high and look far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying", and here "soft and cold, infinite sadness is beyond words" ("Poetry").

The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, which should only be vivid and easy to understand, so that readers can supplement it with imagination. Triple expression of feelings, from vertical (time) and horizontal (space) two aspects, from wandering to sick and disabled. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and the people and hurt the country were vividly displayed.

All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". After careful consideration, "every sentence in the article is law, and every word in the sentence is law." Not only "the whole article can be taught", but also "choose words and make sentences", "people in ancient and modern times dare not speak, and they will never speak" It is natural to win the reputation of "masterpiece" (see Hu Yinglin's poem).

Engineering overview

Ascending the Mountain is a seven-character poem written by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767).

The first four sentences describe the scenery, describe the experience of climbing mountains, closely follow the seasonal characteristics of autumn and describe the empty and lonely scenery by the river. The first couplet is a partial close-up, and the couplet is an overall vision. The last four sentences are lyrical, describing the feelings of climbing mountains. Around the author's own life experience, they express the sadness of being poor, old and sick, and living in another country. The neckband hurts their life experience and reveals the meaning of metaphor, symbol and suggestion contained in the first four sentences of landscape writing. Tailian complained again, shutting down with the self-image of depression and disease. The language of this poem is concise, the whole poem is dual, and one or two sentences are still correct, which fully shows that Du Fu's mastery and application of poetic language temperament in his later years has reached the realm of tact.

original work

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

Sentence annotation

(1) Climbing: The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival, and there has always been a custom of climbing.

⑵ Ape cry: refers to the piercing cry of the apes in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. "Notes on Water Classics and Rivers" quotes a folk song: "The head of the Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong, the ape cries three times."

(3) Zhu (incarnation): a small continent in the water; A small piece of land in the water. Birds fly back: birds fly and hover in the strong wind. Back: detour.

(4) Falling wood: refers to falling leaves in autumn. Rustle: The sound of leaves being blown by the wind.

[5] Wan Li: far from home. Frequent visitor: I have been wandering abroad for a long time.

[6] One hundred years: I still say my whole life, here refers to my old age.

(7) Difficulties: It also refers to national luck and its own destiny. Bitterness and hate: extreme hatred and regret. Bitter, extremely. More frost on temples: more white hair, such as frost and snow on temples. Countless, here as a verb, increase.

Down and out: depression and frustration. This refers to the old and sick, and the ambition is not stretched. New station: It stopped recently. Chongyang climbs the mountain and wants to drink. Du Fu gave up drinking because of lung disease in his later years, so he called it a "new stop".

Creation background

This poem was written in the autumn of the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767), and Du Fu was in Kuizhou. This was written by a 56-year-old poet in extreme embarrassment. At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other. Du Fu entered the Yanwu shogunate, relying on Yanwu. Shortly after Yanwu's death, Du Fu lost his dependence and had to leave the Chengdu Caotang, which had been in business for five or six years, to buy a boat and go south. I wanted to go straight to Kuimen, but because of illness, I stayed in Yun 'an for several months before I arrived in Kuizhou. If it were not for the concern of the local government, he would not have lived here for three years. In these three years, his life is still very difficult and his health is very poor. One day, he climbed the high platform outside Bai Di, Kuizhou, with mixed feelings in his heart. What you saw in hope aroused your heart; The bleak scenery of Qiu Jiang evokes his wandering life experience and permeates his old illness and loneliness. Thus, there was this song "Ascending the Mountain", which was known as the "crown of seven laws".

Famous comments

Luo Song Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu": The poem says: "I have come from three thousand miles. Sad autumn, my sorrow for a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. " Away from Wan Li; Sad autumn, when sad; Be a guest and travel; Frequent visitors, long-distance travel; For a hundred years, teeth are dying; Sick and sick; Taiwan, high also; Alone on the stage, no relatives or friends. There are eight meanings between fourteen characters, and the duality is extremely accurate.

Song Yang Wanli's poem about Chengzhai: "Ci originated from the Three Gorges and swept a thousand troops alone." "Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward." The first one is a bee waist, and the second one is a crane knee.

Liu Kezhuang's Poems about Houcun in Song Dynasty: These two couplets (referring to the four sentences of "falling flowers without borders") need no stories, and they are naturally wonderful, above the seven words in Fan Chuan's "Nine Days Together".

Welcome with: This poem has been searched in Chengdu. I used to think that if I worked in Zizhou, I would be afraid. When did you get sick, you gave up drinking? When the Yangtze River rolls, it will reach the river's ears.

Selected Poems of Tang Poetry by Hong Xian of Ming Ling: Yang Chengzhai said: It's all "rustling" to arouse the spirit and keep seeing it, rather than pretending to be wordy. Liu Huimeng said: Three or four sentences are self-righteous and solemn.

Wang Mingshizhen's Memories of Yan Yuan Yan Volume 4: Lao Du's concentration, I love the chapter "The wind is urgent and the sky is high", and the knot is light.

Li Ming's poem at the foot of Dongyang Mountain: "Leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river rolling. Sadness is like Li Qiuse. I have been wandering all the year round, and my life is plagued by illness. Today I am alone on the high platform. " What kind of scenes, what kind of things? Song people took "Cui Shi No.9 Blue Sky Villa" as their lawyer's swan song. Why?

Wan Lun Poetry: There are two poems of Shaoling School, and one school has extensive discussion. So "I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, and I have been sad for a hundred years, climbing this high alone "and" two instruments are still clear and turbid, there is no doubt ".Xiaoxi is the Song Dynasty and the ancestor of Zhuang Dingshan in this dynasty. One school of rich words, such as "the oriole is surrounded by a bead curtain embroidered fence, and the Bai Ou rises from a silk rope toothed wall" and "the fish blows the fine waves and shakes the song fan, and the swallows fly and dance". And their flow is Yuan poetry, that is, the ancestor of Yang and Meng.

Hu Yinglin's Poetics Volume 5: The only way to write a great poem is to be accurate in meter and tone, so that the meaning of the sentence is high and the sentence can be diligently cut. Why harm its work? Humble bones and muscles, although silent, how to make up for it? For example, Lao Du's "The Wind Rises High in the Sky" is the first poem of seven-character rhythm in the Tang Dynasty. ..... "The wind is high and the sky is high" Chapter 56 is like a submarine coral, thin and difficult to understand, unfathomable, but powerful. Understand the first chapter grammar, syntax and word grammar. Never before, never after. The whisperer is Du Fu's poem, not Tang Shi's ear. However, this poem should be the first of the seven laws in ancient and modern times, not necessarily the first of the seven laws in the Tang Dynasty. According to this poem, Yuan people said: "Every sentence is more strange than one, and every sentence is more strange than one;" : Some people know.

Ming Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Gui Qian": No matter how heavy the conclusion is, the word "the bird flew back" is barely right and meaningless.

The mirror of Tang poetry: the third and fourth are melancholy words.

Zan's "General Comment on Tang Shilin": Say: Gao is not completely in line with the law of Tang Dynasty. This rhyme is different from other works because every word can be sung. Jiang yikui said: although the couplet is correct in the sentence, Lao Du Zhonglian also uses this method. Wu Shanmin said: If the second alliance is like the sea rushing to the waves, four overlapping words will stir it up. The triple words "unchanged" and "independent" are so powerful! Zhou Weiyun: Syntactically, it was snake gods, cows and ghosts who helped him in the pen battle.

Wang Mingfu's Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty: All times can't be abolished. Sentences are rigid, not evil, but also broken and not rigid.

Tea Shen Xing's "Chu Bai 'an Poetry Review": Seven laws and eight sentences are correct, which originated from Lao Du. The first four sentences describe the scenery, how bold.

He Qing Chao's "Reading the Secretary of Yimen": Traveling far away is boring, and you don't drink when you are ill. There are many things, no head and no tail, which make people unpredictable. How to learn such a poem? The word "independence" has been hidden in the beginning, "sobbing in the sharp windy ape from the vast sky". ..... "Heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine" stands for "a hundred years of illness". Sad knot, stop climbing sorrow, see the joy of nine days. The first half, write what you saw and heard when climbing the mountain; Fifth, insert "Wan Li as a guest", shout "hard work", and then click "go on stage". The sixth sentence, see line.

Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties compiled by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty: The weather is as muddy as Wuxia Chihiro, which is a rare work among the seven laws. Later generations have no bones, only between sound and appearance, strong outside and dry inside, for those who are not good at learning Du Fu.

Wu Qinchang's interpretation of deleting Tang poems: too white and too scattered, too small and too complete, so the poem is too true and the knot is also sluggish.

Zhang Qingshiwei's "Seven Laws of the Tang Dynasty": Four sentences are like thousands of troops, rushing and breaking sharp, and like a storm, turning over the basin. Hezhou loves it very much, and it is really powerful to pull out Mount Tai.

Notes on Huang Qing Shu Can's Tang Poems: There are all kinds of strange words.

Shen Deqian on Shishi Tang in Qing Dynasty: Eight sentences are all right, the first two sentences, but in comparison, they still use rhyme repeatedly, and their style has changed. It used to be said that these two couplets could be cut off. Think about "falling trees rustling" and "the Yangtze River rolling in". Fortunately, it is endless, inexhaustible, Wan Li and a hundred years.

Wang Qingshizhen's "Poems in Class" Volume III: Seven-character poems have the advantage of overlapping words to look solemn and stirring, such as Du Zimei's "fallen leaves are like waterfalls, but I think the long river is always rolling." The same is true of "the lonely bird in the river has gone, and the dragon is singing in the rain".

Qing Shi Buhua's Poem of Attendance 162: "Going up the mountain" begins with two sentences: "The monkey crows in the wide sky and the birds return to the white sand in the blue lake", and ends with two sentences: "The disaster is like the frost on the temples, the pain in the heart is like the fatigue of wine, and the thick dust is like it". Those who are right from the beginning and don't feel stupid, three or four words "boundless falling wood" are arrogant; The phrase "Wan Li mourns autumn" on May 6th sounds depressing. The beauty of the first sentence lies in rhyme, which is long and awkward without rhyme.

Yang Qinglun's "Du Shi Jing Quan": high-spirited, unique in ancient and modern times, should be the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems.

Fang Shudong's "Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" in Qing Dynasty: the first four sentences are scenery, and the last four sentences are emotion. One, two, three, four whole, change the brushwork. Fifth, sixth, the opening and ending, the narrative point, gushed out in one breath. This is also a place that is often mentioned. I don't think it's a sentence. I have to change my pen and think differently. But the brushwork is unrestrained and unstoppable, and others are inferior.

Zeng Guofan's eighteen poems in Qing Dynasty: This grandson is just a so-called "towering, if you dig into space, you will know everything."

Brief introduction of the author

Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.