Writing Confucius' life in classical Chinese

1. A brief introduction to Confucius' classical Chinese. The original 1. 15 Zigong said, "Poor without flattery (1), rich without arrogance, how about (2)?" Confucius said, "Yes.

If you are not poor, you will be happy (3), and if you are rich, you will be good at etiquette. "Zi Gong said," Poetry "said,' If you are serious! If it is like grinding (4)', what is it? Confucius said, "Give ⑤! It's time to talk about "poetry" and tell people who used to know it (6). "

Note (1) Flattery: the sound ch m 4 n means flattery. (2) He Ru: "He Ru" in The Analects of Confucius can be translated as "How".

(3) Poverty and Happiness: There is a book called Poverty and Happiness. (4) If it is incisive, if it is polished, if it is polished: See the Book of Songs Feng Wei Qi Ao for these two sentences.

There are two explanations: first, learning and pondering refer to the processing of four different materials: bone, ivory, jade and stone, otherwise it will not be finished; When it comes to the processing of ivory and bones, jade should be cut before processing, and then polished after cutting, which means improvement. (5) Give: the name of Zi Gong, Confucius called students.

(6) tell people who know the past: all are the same; Go, a thing of the past; Come on, future. Zi Gong said, "How about being poor without flattery and being rich without arrogance?" Confucius said, "This is true.

But it is not as rich and polite as poor people who are willing to do things. Zi Gong said, "Does the poem say that learning is like bones, horns are like teeth, and jade is like teeth?" Confucius said, "Give it to me. You can understand what I didn't say from what I said. By analogy, I can talk to you about poetry. "

The original 1. 16 Confucius said: "If you don't suffer from (1) the unknown of others, you will suffer from the unknown of others." Note (1) suffers from: anxiety and fear.

(2) People: refers to educated and knowledgeable people, not the people. Confucius said, "I'm not afraid that others don't understand me, but I'm afraid that I don't understand others."

2. Who knows that the ancient prose about Confucius is best simple, sensitive and studious, and I am not ashamed to ask my grandfather to be the fifth generation, and I am not ashamed to ask the Japanese: "Why is Confucius called' Wen'?" Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, but I am not ashamed to ask, so I call it' Wen'." Note (1) Wei doctor Kong Wenzi, named Kong, posthumous title' Wen'. 2 sensitive and diligent. (3) ask questions, ask questions down. Gong, the translator, asked, "Why is Confucius called Wen? Confucius replied: "He is diligent and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask people who are inferior to himself, so he is called' Wen'. "Ancient monarchs, ministers, nobles, after death, according to their life stories, give them a title, called" division ",and the title is also called posthumous title. For the name "Wen", Zi Gong in Yi Shi Fa Jie raised questions, and Confucius replied: "Be sensitive and eager to learn, and don't be ashamed to ask questions." In fact, that is to say, "be diligent and curious." "It can be seen that Confucius' answer is well-founded and not taken for granted. Looking back, it seems that it is easier for ordinary people to learn and not be ashamed to ask questions. Learning quickly and being eager to learn is nothing more than being smart and diligent. Typical examples in this regard are "stealing the light from the wall", "fireflies reflecting snow" and even "hanging the beam over the head and stabbing the butt of the gun". But a clear conscience means asking people who are not as good as yourself. This is not only a question of learning well, but also a question of self-esteem and vanity. Human nature is often so incredible. It seems that there is nothing to be ashamed of asking a respected person, a powerful person and a well-informed person for advice. Once, on the other hand, asking for advice from a respected person is self-abased, asking for advice from a capable person is weak, and asking for advice from a knowledgeable person is embarrassing. If you are a teacher, if you are an official in class, try it: ask your students and teach from your subordinate village. Don't hum hahaha-put the topic of teaching in the tone of inquiry. That's hard. Therefore, although "a clear conscience" is something we often talk about, it is really challenging to put it into practice.

3. Please introduce the life and major works of Confucius (55 BC1-479 BC). His name is Qiu, and his name is Lu.

China was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The distant ancestor of Confucius was a nobleman in the Song Dynasty and a descendant of the Yin royal family.

After the destruction of Yin, the Song Dynasty made Yin the imperial clan. From Wei Zhongyan, Song and Ding, to.

Gong Min's eldest son Fu Fu asked his younger brother to worship this country. What does your father do?

Confucius' ancestors changed from serving families to serving officials' families. He Zhi, the great grandson of Fu's father, is taking an examination of his father. He has served as a senior minister for a long time and is known for his modesty.

Confucius' father Jia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, was succeeded by Song Sima. According to Zhou's etiquette system, doctors are not allowed to wait on their ancestors. "Five generations of relatives and friends, don't wait for the public." Therefore, their descendants took Kong as their surname.

After the Song Dynasty, Taizaihua's father personally directed the uprising and killed Gong and Kong's father Jia. His descendants took refuge in Lu (since then, Kong has been a native of Lu), and his position in the Qing Dynasty began to lose and he was reduced to a scholar.

Fang Shu, the great-grandfather of Confucius, was once a butcher in Fang Lu. Xia Bo's grandfather's deeds have not been tested.

My father's name is Ge, uncle Zi, also known as Shu. He is a samurai and is famous for his bravery. Shu married Shi first and had no children. My concubine gave birth to a son and became ill. Later, she remarried to Yan Zai and gave birth to Confucius.

Confucius' date of birth is generally based on historical records? Confucius' home was recorded as Duke Xiang of Lu for twenty-two years, but the Historical Records did not record the date of birth and birthday. According to Gu Liang's biography, Confucius was born in October. Converted into the current Gregorian calendar, it should be born on September 8 +0, 5565438 BC.

Confucius was born in Shandong. Lu is a fief of his son Boqin, with the title of E799BEA6E59BE7AD 9431333231613330. It has well preserved the cultural relics and classics of the Zhou Dynasty and is known as the "hometown of rites and music".

In the 29th year of Duke Xiang of Lu (544 BC), Wu's son was amazed at Lu. In the second year of Lu (the first 540 years), the doctor of Jin Dynasty visited Lu, and after reading it, he praised "Zhou Li is in Lu!" Lu's cultural tradition and academic decline at that time had a great influence on the formation of Confucius' thought.

Confucius lost his father in his early years and his family declined. He once said: "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise."

When I was young, I worked as a "Commissioner" (in charge of granaries) and a "farmer" (in charge of cattle and sheep). Although Confucius lived in poverty, he was "determined to learn" at the age of fifteen.

He is good at learning from others. He once said, "When we have a threesome, we must learn from each other. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. "

("The Analects? Shuer) He is self-taught and never tires of learning. The villagers also praised him as "knowledgeable". Confucius "stood at thirty" and began to give lectures.

Whoever brings a little "Liang Xiu" will be accepted as a student. Such as Yan Lu, Ceng Dian, Luz, Berniu, You Ran, Zigong and Yan Yuan. Is one of the early disciples.

Lu Zhishen's sons, Meng and Nangong, both came to learn etiquette, which shows the merits of Confucius in running a school. The establishment of private schools broke the tradition of "learning is in the official" and further promoted the downward movement of academic culture.

After the founding of Lu, the regime was in the hands of Sanhuan, headed by Ji. In the early years of Zhao Gong, the three families divided up the military power of the Lu army.

Kong Liao once expressed indignation at Ji's trespassing behavior of "eight steps of court dance". In the 25th year of Zhao Gong (5 17 BC), there was civil strife in Lu, and Confucius left Lu to Qi.

Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son." He added: "Politics is about saving money."

The ruler of Qi is doctor Chen. Although he likes Confucius' words, he can't use them. Confucius was frustrated in Qi, so he returned to Lu, "retiring to learn poetry, etiquette and music, and attracting many disciples". People come from far away to study in almost all the waiting countries.

At that time, Lu was under the control of Ji's family, and Ji's family was subject to its retainer. Confucius was dissatisfied that the government was not in the hands of the monarch, but in the hands of doctors, and was unwilling to be an official.

He said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." In the ninth year of Lu (50 1 year), Yang Huo was expelled and Confucius was appointed as the commander of the capital of Lu at the age of 5 1 year.

"After a year's work, it's dry on all sides." Therefore, it all moved to Sikong and was promoted to be a big shepherd.

In the tenth year of Lu (the first 500 years), Confucius attended the Qilu Oracle Bone Conference. Confucius believed that "those who have military affairs must have weapons, and those who have military affairs must have weapons." Early prevention frustrated the premeditated plan to hijack the Lu army by force, and recovered the land of Lu' an, Guanfu and tortoise occupied by Qi through diplomatic means.

In the 12th year of Ding Dynasty (498 BC), in order to strengthen public office and contain Sanhuan, Confucius cited the ancient system that "the family does not hide armor, and the city has no pheasants", and put forward the plan of "reducing the three capitals", which was implemented through Ren Jishi's sub-road. Because Confucius took advantage of the contradiction between Sanhuan and courtiers, Ji Sun and his uncle Sun Shi agreed to destroy Fei Yi and Houyi respectively.

Dan Shi was incited by his ministers, the people and his father and opposed the siege. It is impossible to set up a public encirclement.

Confucius' plan was frustrated. Confucius was an official of the State of Lu. People in the State of Qi were afraid that the State of Lu would become powerful and merge with themselves, so they enjoyed their daughters in the State of Lu and Ji.

Ji was entertained by seven women and refused to listen to political affairs for three days. Confucius' political ambition was difficult to display, so he led more than ten disciples, including Yan Hui, Luz, Zigong and You Ran, to leave the "land of parents" and began a wandering life of 14 years.

Confucius was 55 years old that year. Chen went to defend the country first, received courtesy first, and then was monitored for fear of being convicted.

After crossing the quarry, he was besieged for five days. After the pass, I wanted to go to Jin in Puzhi, but I had to go back to Wei because of the civil strife in Jin.

I met Nanzi, which aroused many doubts. Wei Linggong was lazy in politics and didn't need Confucius.

Confucius said, "If you use me, it will take only one month and three years." The guards were in chaos at home, and Confucius left Wei Cao Jing to send Song directly.

Sima Huankui of the Song Dynasty tried to kill Confucius. When he disguised himself as Zheng of the Song Dynasty, Confucius was sixty years old. Later, Confucius traveled to and from Cai Chen many times, which was "between Cai Chen and Cai Chen".

According to historical records, King Zhao of Chu came to hire Confucius, and Dr. Chen and Dr. Cai surrounded Confucius, causing famine for seven days. After the clearance, Confucius went to Chu, and soon King Zhao of Chu died.

Wei wants to use Confucius. Confucius answered Lutz's question and said that "correcting the name" must be the first thing in politics.

After returning to Wei, Confucius was regarded as a "sage", but it was still useless. In the eleventh year (484 BC), Ran returned to Lu and led the army to defeat the Qi army in Lang.

Ji Kangzi sent someone to greet Confucius with coins. Confucius returned to Lu at the age of sixty-eight.

After Confucius returned to Lu, people in Lu praised "the country is old". At first, Lu Aigong and Ji Kangzi often asked each other about political affairs, but they were not reused. In his later years, Confucius devoted himself to sorting out documents and continuing to engage in education.

In the 16th year of Lu Aigong (479 BC), Confucius died and was buried in Surabaya, north of Lucheng. Chronology of Confucius 1 year: 55 BC1year (twenty-two years of Duke Xiang of Lu). Confucius was born in Lu.

4. Lao Tzu said a few words of advice to Confucius in classical Chinese:

It is said that the rich give people money and the kind give people words. If you can't be rich, steal the name of the benevolent, and send a son to say:' Smart and thorough, close to death, easy to discuss people. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have himself, and a minister should not have himself. "

Vernacular translation:

It is said that rich people give gifts with property, while benevolent people give gifts with words. I can't be rich, so I have to steal the name of benevolence and give it to you in words. These words are: a smart and knowledgeable person will often get into trouble and die, because he likes to talk about others;

A knowledgeable person often puts himself in danger because he likes to expose the sins of others. Children should care about their parents, not just themselves; To be a courtier, you should focus on the monarch, not just yourself.

This article is from the Confucius' Home by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty.

Extended data

Writing background:

Confucius' Family is a classical Chinese written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, and is included in Historical Records. Confucius, who was educated by Laozi, learned and absorbed the civilization and knowledge of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

He was a famous thinker and great educator in ancient China and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius Family is a historical book of Sima Qian, which describes Confucius' life activities and achievements in various aspects in detail, and is one of the most important documents to study Confucius' life thoughts.

About the author:

Confucius (September 28th BC1year-April BC1year), surnamed Kong, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong) and his ancestral home was Li Yi (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient thinker and educator in China.

Confucius' ancestor was a nobleman in Yi Li (now Xiayi, Henan Province) in Song Dynasty, and the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang. After the rebellion of the three kingdoms in the early Zhou Dynasty, in order to appease the nobles and future generations of the Shang Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou appointed his younger brother Wei to establish the Song Kingdom in Shangqiu and worship Yin Shang as emperor. After Wei's death, his brother succeeded to the throne, but Confucius' first 15 ancestor.

The sixth ancestor got Kong's family and was Kong's father. Kong was a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He used to be a fu, and his fief was in the territory of the Song Dynasty. Later, he was killed by Taizai Huadu in the civil strife in the imperial court. Confucius' father Jia Zi, his father and son, his uncle and uncle Liang's grandson are all Confucius' fathers. Liang Shu's uncle fled to Lu (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to escape the war in the Song Dynasty and settled down. His official position was Doctor Qiao.

In the 15th year of Lu Aigong (480 BC), another favorite pupil of Confucius died in the civil strife in Wei State and was chopped to pieces. After this series of blows, Confucius knew that his time was running out.

On the fourth day of February in the 16th year of Lu Aigong (April 4th, 479 BC), Zi Gong came to see Confucius, who stood in front of the door with a cane. He asked Zi Gong why he came to see him so late. So I lamented that Mount Tai would collapse, beams and columns would rot, and philosophers would wither and rot like vegetation.

Confucius said with tears: There is no road in the world for a long time, and no one wants to adopt his own ideas. It is impossible to realize one's own ideas. People in Xia Dynasty died at funerals in the Eastern Dynasty, people in Zhou Dynasty died at funerals in the Western Dynasty, and people in Shang Dynasty died between two pillars. Last night, I dreamed that I was sitting between two trees to pay my respects. My ancestors were from Shang Dynasty.

On February 11th, the 16th year of Lu Aigong (1 1 year BC), Confucius died at the age of seventy-three, and was buried at the bank of Surabaya in the north of Lucheng. Many disciples kept the tomb for three years, but Zi Gong kept it for Confucius for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came home from the ancient tomb and named them. Confucius' former residence was turned into a temple and was enshrined by people.

5. Short Story When Kong Qiu was six years old, one day he was playing a game of "courtesy" with A Niu next door, which was taught to him by his mother.

Kong Qiu plays the prime minister and A Niu plays the monarch. Put all kinds of pottery beans, plates and other things on the street-this is specially made by Wu Piao, the Potter of Linxiang's mother. For this reason, her mother also knitted him half a piece of cloth to express her gratitude.

The sun shone on Kong Qiu's face, chubby as an apple, but serious, and bowed solemnly to A Niu. Suddenly, A Niu jumped up from the position of the monarch, pointed to Kong Qiu's back and smiled. He was just about to speak when Kong Qiu looked up and glared at him, saying, "How can a monarch leave his seat without observing etiquette when offering sacrifices? Still laughing, what a scandal! " A Niu ignored him and said with a smile, "What a strange man."

Kong Qiu was about to say something, but he felt a pair of hands on his shoulder, and he couldn't help turning around. At the moment when he looked back, Kong Qiu saw a face that he would never forget in his life. This face is like this: locks of hair are not tied together, and the forehead is full of wrinkles, but the lower part of the face is smooth, except for a scar about 5 cm on the left cheek, no beard, long eyebrows, a big round face like a washbasin and a big mouth.

This is his face, look at his body: his clothes are so tattered that his left sleeve has disappeared. With a crumpled bag on his shoulder.

My head, face and clothes are covered with dirt, as if I had just turned over the mound and climbed out again. Kong Qiu's face froze, but immediately calmed down, stroking the man's head and said, "Uncle, you must have walked a long way, right? Why else is your hair so messy? You must be from a barbarian area, otherwise how can you be so poor? " The man smiled, and two front teeth were sadly exposed and said, "What's your name, little friend?" Kong Qiu didn't answer, but asked, "Uncle, you haven't answered my question yet. It is impolite. "

The man was shocked at once, turned to smile and replied, "Uncle did walk a long way, but he didn't come from a barbarian area. My uncle is so poor just because he can't manage money. " Ok, uncle has answered your question, please say your name. "

Kong Qiu said, "My name is Kong Qiu. I am six years old this year. "

The man turned to A Niu again and said, "What about you?" A Niu took a step back and said, "My name is A Niu." The man said, "What were you playing just now?" "Out of courtesy," Kong Qiu smiled. "My mother taught me.

It was fun. A Niu muttered, "it's not funny. If he is taller than me and can't beat him, I won't fight. " Might as well play hide-and-seek "

The man listened and said, "well, go home. I won't play today." A Niu cheered and ran away.

Kong Qiu said loudly, "No, the sacrifice is not over yet. How can we leave? " But the man suddenly grabbed his shoulder and couldn't move.

When A Niu walked away, the man let go. Kong Qiu immediately broke free and said loudly, "Why don't you let me chase him? I haven't finished the sacrifice yet. "

The man didn't answer him, but asked, "Kong Qiu, do you like this game? Will you tell your uncle why? Now basically no children want to play this game, you see, A Niu doesn't like it. " Kong Qiu said deadpan, "My mother taught me this. My mother said that "Li" was formulated by two great saints, King Wen and Duke Zhou, and we should study hard. She also made up a' Li Rong' game for me to play, which was obviously fun, but they just didn't like it. "

Say that finish Kong Qiu pursed mouth. With a sneer, the man said loudly, "All the articles about the King of Zhou and all the gifts are lies; It's hateful that children don't understand anything and are still pretending here! " Say that finish, a face became ferocious and horrible, staring at Kong Qiu. Although it was in broad daylight, Kong Qiu turned and ran in fright.

Hardly had I reached the corner when I was caught by a man. Looking up, it is a sign of mother.

Kong Qiu this just set to god. I just heard my mother say, "What's this gentleman's name? Why do you scare children like this in the street? " Look at the man again at this moment, and he has returned to normal. When he heard about Chen Uen, he seemed embarrassed. He bowed his head to Zheng and said, "Madam, I'm sorry. I lost my temper just now, and I really have my own difficulties. Please forgive me. " This is your son, isn't it? I think although he is a child, he plays very gracefully, so I will say a few more words.

Excuse me, madam, have you taught your son the game? "Zheng said with a smile," that's what I taught. The man's face was a whole. He saluted Zheng Zai and said, "Madam is really a person of great wisdom and virtue; But I have one thing to say.

Madam is so wise, she should know that all countries in the world are striving to develop their economies and strengthen their national strength, and all they need are practical talents. The ceremony of the ceremony can no longer meet the needs of the times, and the princes are intrigued. Only debaters and counselors are popular, so there is no future for children to learn the Book of Rites. "Zheng's face sank down, and he said," Sir, this is wrong.

Although I am a woman, I also know that the most important thing in life is to have a clear conscience. Practicality and truth are not the same concept; Although the Book of Rites is weak for the time being, it represents the conscience of today's world, and is in charge of both ends of social life with the popular science of profit-seeking. The original ceremony is in danger of being submerged. How can I stand by and watch this society be swallowed up by cigar smoke? Listening to Mr. Wang's extraordinary speech, he must also be an intellectual. Haven't you heard the saying that intellectuals are the conscience of society? "Say that finish, sign in and pull Kong Qiu home.

After walking more than a dozen paces, I heard a shout from behind: "Madam, stop!" " The man looked back and said, "This child's surname is Liming, also known as Lao Dan. Please forgive my offended words just now.

Although the child is incompetent, he knows a little manners and is willing to guide your son. Although this young lady is a great sage, I'm afraid she doesn't know so much etiquette as that boy. "To tell you the truth, I just know a little etiquette, so Kong Qiu is just a good wish to learn it. I have been worried that I can't find a good teacher to teach my children. Hearing these words, I was really happy. I quickly returned a gift, but I couldn't help laughing when I wanted to suppress it.

Said: "Then please Li.

6. Ask for an introduction to classical Chinese Confucius must be grateful for classical Chinese. Confucius, a famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni.

Born in 2 1 year, died in 42 years. Ge Liang, the uncle of Confucius, and Yan Zhizai, the mother of Confucius.

Qiu is a Miao descendant of Yin Shang, so Qiu tastes that "Yin people are also." "Great grandfather hole stop Song Shu to lu.

My father used to be a city butcher. People call it "people"

Qiu lost his father at the age of three. Weak crown was appointed Commissioner, and he was appointed Tian.

In the 1930s, I took an apprentice to teach. Thirty-five years old, left Lushi Banner for the first time because of civil strife in Shandong.

After the slaughter returned to the capital of Shandong, a political voice appeared. I was promoted to Sikong and even the big sheep herder.

At the age of 55, he left Shandong and traveled around the world. After Wei, Cao, Song, Chen and Cai.

Return to Shandong at the age of 68. People call it "the third thousand".

Qiu founded Confucianism, which lasted several dynasties. His speech was The Analects of Confucius.

Written in the Warring States Period. It was one of the outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period.

There was a third edition in the early Han Dynasty. Beginners must read.

Learn the filial piety and the Analects of Confucius first, and then the Five Classics. After the Song Dynasty, it was listed as a classic.

Qiu is a thinker, educator and politician. The representative of China traditional culture.

Thousands of years after his death, posthumous title was only in his teens. Lu said he was a father, Han said he was a father and Tang said he was a king.

Educated youth is Feng Dacheng's first teacher to Sheng Wenxuan. People call it Confucius.

The May 4th Movement of the Republic of China was named Kong Laoer. The Cultural Revolution was even worse.

After recovery. Now you respect Confucius and praise Father Ni.

Confucius Institutes are built all over the world.

7. Confucius' life, deeds, thoughts and thoughts should be concise, and Confucius' thoughts should not be copied from the encyclopedia. As the core of his thought, the thought of "benevolence" is also the highest realm of his self-cultivation and the highest standard to guide people's life actions and measure people's life behavior. Confucius set a high standard for this. He thinks Yao Shun is hard to do, and he is even more unworthy. Therefore, most of the thought of "benevolence" is only put forward as an ideal goal, and people are only required to work hard in this direction. Filial piety is mentioned as the fundamental position of "benevolence", which also shows that Confucius attaches importance to filial piety. Moreover, filial piety is also an achievable behavior in Confucius' thought, which embodies the unshirkable responsibility in human development. Therefore, even now, it is of far-reaching significance to put forward filial piety and standardize people's speech and behavior. . . . . .

The others are too long.