Talk about your understanding of classical Chinese

1. Understanding classical Chinese and writing essays

Beauty makes people feel a kind of pleasure, satisfaction and sublimation of emotions, thoughts and wisdom, making the mind more beautiful and open, thus Standardize your own words, deeds, morals, etc. For example, there is such a short answer question in the Chinese language test paper of the Jiangxi Provincial High School Entrance Examination in 2003: Read the excerpt of "The Biography of Wen Tianxiang in the History of Song Dynasty", and combine it with the texts you have studied to talk about Wen Tianxiang's work for people today. The reason for admiration. This question asks students to combine the two texts they have learned, "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" and "Talk about Integrity", to talk about Wen Tianxiang personally leading the army to resist the Yuan Dynasty from the perspective of sacrificing his life for righteousness, and resolutely refusing to surrender to the Yuan Dynasty after being captured after the failure. He was a man of iron and steel; one could also say that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of a country". He took the world as his own responsibility, regardless of personal safety, and pledged himself to the country as an envoy to the Yuan Dynasty. "Take loyalty and reflect history", thereby winning the admiration of Chinese descendants. Students can be shocked by this tragic beauty, experience the influence and influence of strong emotional integrity, and their souls can be purified and sublimated, absorbing the essence of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, And passed down from generation to generation. As the saying goes, you are not afraid of not knowing the goods, but you are afraid of comparing goods; only by comparison can you distinguish. Comparative and speculative reading has become quite popular recently, and it is of vital importance to the ideological understanding and comprehensive ability cultivation of junior high school students. Influence. For example, in the 2002 Chinese paper of the high school entrance examination in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, students were required to read Zhou Dunyi's "Love of the Lotus" and analyze: ("The Love of the Lotus") The short article praises the noble quality of the lotus that "comes out of the mud but remains unstained". In fact, it is It is an expression of the author's thoughts and feelings, but in reality, some people think that "when you are close to vermillion, you are red, and when you are close to ink, you are black." What do you think of these two views? Please give a brief explanation of the reasons. I personally think that the opposing viewpoints of "coming out of the silt but not staining" and "being close to vermilion are red, and being close to ink are black" essentially boil down to the relationship between man and the environment. In the relationship between man and the environment: man is Primary, playing a decisive leading role; environment is secondary, also plays a corresponding role under certain conditions. People who live in a good environment will perform better as they grow (under normal circumstances); people who live in a bad environment will Living in a harsh environment, there are two possibilities: one is to "come out of the silt without being stained", that is, to transform the environment and grow and temper in a harsh environment, and the other is to "come close to vermillion and become red, and to be close to ink" "Black" means being changed by the influence of the environment. This shows that people play a decisive leading role. Therefore, a person's comprehensive quality is particularly important. If we want to have excellent comprehensive quality, we must learn knowledge in many aspects of science and culture. Only in this way can we become useful talents who keep pace with the times. Practice has proved that the essence of competition is ultimately the competition of talents. As for the education to cultivate the comprehensive quality of outstanding talents, can't teachers and students still get a glimpse of it and see the whole thing? It is urgent to pay attention to the ability test trend of brief description questions in classical Chinese reading, and guide and cultivate students' healthy emotions and many abilities in daily teaching. Everything educators do must be to enable the majority of young students to grow into talents who keep pace with the times. , the education and influence on them will be lifelong. Only in this way can education truly have new development momentum and fundamentally ensure the sustainability of development. 2. Views on learning classical Chinese

The significance of learning classical Chinese: (1) Learning classical Chinese well is conducive to understanding and learning our country’s profound culture.

Classical Chinese is an important cultural carrier. It has preserved my country’s five thousand years of rich, colorful, extensive and profound culture completely and orderly. As long as we take a brief look back, from "Book of Documents" to the literature of the Qing Dynasty, we can feel how rich Chinese culture is contained in these classical Chinese classics, and how much outstanding wisdom and broad thoughts of the ancients are contained.

Carrying forward traditional culture is the need of the times. There is no reason for us to abandon thousands of years of cultural accumulation. As a high school classical Chinese teaching, it is of course necessary to undertake the mission of improving students' traditional cultural literacy.

Studying classical Chinese in high school will lay the foundation for them to further understand and love the motherland’s culture in the future, and will have a profound impact on their lifelong cultural literacy. (2) Learning classical Chinese well will help enrich the spiritual world and cultivate the sense of language.

The poems written in classical Chinese by Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Li Bai, Su Shi and other sages are splendid "spiritual lighthouses" that have shone for thousands of years and bathed people both ancient and modern. Their souls have gone through a long spiritual journey through classical Chinese. We today use classical Chinese to let students follow the traces, and the students' spirit is experienced again and again.

Continuous journey and continuous experience are the spiritual accumulation, spiritual memory and spiritual inheritance of the nation! It is also the formation of language sense. Writer Li Jiye said in the 1940s: "For people who have read a little poetry, the emotions caused by orioles, swallows, doves, cuckoos and other birds are naturally completely different from those who have never read poetry.

We see everything through the eyes of poetry and listen to everything through the ears of poets, which seems to have added a sense. People who have never read poetry seem to be blind and deaf. Their life experience Naturally, it is much poorer. "The poetry here refers to classical poetry. Such quantitative accumulation is the formation of the sense of language and the formation of spiritual temperament.

These are probably irreplaceable to simply learning vernacular poetry. (3) Learning classical Chinese is conducive to promoting moral return.

Morality, as a norm for adjusting human behavior, is both a means and the purpose of human development. It has a positive normative, educational and guiding role in society. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has handed down many valuable morals and values ??in classical Chinese.

Therefore, classical Chinese has immeasurable educational potential and contains the soul of an ancient nation. In the current process of re-establishing personal responsibility and virtue, classical Chinese teaching has an irreplaceable and important role and function.

Many principles about self-cultivation, family management, family harmony, employment, communication, etc. that are generally lacking in our contemporary students have thought-provoking discussions in ancient classics. For example, "The Doctrine of the Mean" discusses "sincerity" in people's interactions: "Sincerity is the way of heaven, and sincerity is the way of man."

" Only the sincerity in the world can fulfill its nature; if it can fulfill its nature, it can fulfill the nature of human beings; if it can fulfill the nature of human beings, it can fulfill the nature of things; if it can fulfill the nature of things, it can praise the transformation and upbringing of heaven and earth. Together with heaven and earth." Another example is moral integrity. The ancients emphasized this aspect to such an extent that they even regarded morality as more precious than life.

In the words of Confucius, "Three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize his ambition." Although these moral concepts have certain class limitations, as long as we use a historical perspective and dialectical method to reasonably explore and utilize them, they will definitely release huge energy.

From the short-term effect, it helps to improve students' ideological understanding of one person and one thing; from the long-term effect, it helps to strengthen their personal moral cultivation, enhance their sense of social responsibility, and help shape their ideal personality. (4) Learning classical Chinese well will help improve your writing skills.

In the first half of the 20th century, the Chinese literary world was shining with a group of bright superstars. They were Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu, Guo Moruo, Lao She, Ba Jin, Cao Yu, Lin Yutang, Zhang Ailing, etc. They were radiant and literary. shining. They mastered vernacular Chinese flexibly and built a splendid chapter of vernacular Chinese.

In sharp contrast, the Chinese literary world in the second half of the 20th century suddenly lost its luster, and there was no longer a "group of masters" who could flexibly control the vernacular, and no one who could be called a "vernacular master" emerged. There are only a few. There are of course many reasons for this phenomenon, but the most fundamental reason is that starting from the 1930s and 1940s, primary and secondary schools cut off the lineage of systematic classical Chinese education.

This makes it difficult for people who became the mainstream of the literary world in the second half of the 20th century to receive a systematic and in-depth education in classical Chinese, making it difficult for them to achieve the simplicity, cleanliness, purity, elegance and image shown in classical Chinese. , the realm of expressiveness. Therefore, reciting a considerable amount of first-class classical Chinese in adolescence is conducive to improving the writing level of vernacular Chinese.

The perfect score essay "The Death of Red Rabbit" written by Jiang Xinjie, a student of Nanjing No. 13 Middle School in the 2001 college entrance examination is proof of this. The author of the article uses the familiar story of the Three Kingdoms to compile a touching story of Chi Tu Ma dying for integrity. The idea is profound, and the whole article uses proficient ancient vernacular. It is clear and clear, and the literary talent is high. The experienced language skills are unanimously praised by the marking teachers. Appreciated.

Afterwards, the reporter conducted an exclusive interview with him. Jiang Xinjie told reporters that this was due to his usual love of reciting classics. "If the wind is not thick enough, it will not be able to carry a large boat."

People who have lost contact with classical Chinese will inevitably make their articles lengthy and straightforward due to insufficient knowledge of ancient Chinese. Our country is an ancient civilization with a long history. Our ancestors have left us vast cultural treasures. Chairman Mao Zedong once said that we should adopt an attitude of "serving the past for the present" when it comes to ancient culture.

When we study classical Chinese, we must master the methods and inherit the ancient cultural heritage. Therefore, we must not only study classical Chinese, but also learn classical Chinese well so that we can inherit the cultural heritage of ancient times and truly "serve the past for the present." 3. Understand classical Chinese texts from content and emotional analysis

"The author's views and attitudes in classical Chinese texts" refer to the author's ideological propositions, as well as the author's opinions and evaluations of the people, events, and principles in the text, which are the author's feelings. The attitude reflected in the text is highly subjective.

"Analyzing and summarizing the author's views and attitudes in classical Chinese" is to analyze, reason and summarize the author's views and attitudes in the article, which are either explicit, implicit, concentrated or dispersed. High school classical Chinese essays mainly examine biographical articles, so you must understand the qualities and merits of the characters you write about, pay attention to the author's brief comments in the article, such as "filial piety", "uprightness", etc., and pay attention to argumentative sentences in narrative articles and expressions of the author in argumentative articles. Opinion sentences, etc.

Authors generally express their opinions and attitudes in articles in the following two ways: Indirect expression-may express the author's emotional tendencies by using words of praise or criticism when describing characters and events, or Say it with the help of a character in the text, or express your own opinion by paraphrasing other people's comments. Direct expression - expressed through the central argument and sub-argument in argumentative writing, the argumentative lyrical sentences in narrative writing, and the descriptive language in explanatory writing.

For example, articles in "Historical Records" often end with evaluative language such as "Tai Shi Gong said". There are two common proposition angles for "analyzing and summarizing the author's views and attitudes in classical Chinese articles": (1) Analyze the author's basic views and attitudes based on relevant materials in the article.

(2) Analyze the relevant content of the article, reason and summarize the author’s views and attitudes. During the examination, it is often combined with "summarizing the main points of the content and summarizing the central meaning" and is tested in the form of multiple-choice questions.

2. Answering method To answer this type of question, you must read the original text as a whole and analyze the center and viewpoints of the article according to the specific context. Specifically, there are the following methods: 1. Use "question" to solve "wen".

The sentences used for propositions in classical Chinese articles are often the key sentences in the article. The words that analyze and summarize the article in the test questions generally also involve the main content of the article. On the basis of overall reading, using the "question" to solve the "text" is an important skill to understand the main idea of ??the article. Through the "backward reading method", you can cleverly find the key to solving the problem.

2. Screening method. To find out the specific objects and scope of sentences referred to by the "opinions and attitudes" in the options, you need to look at which character and event the author's opinions and attitudes listed in the options are directed at, and where the argumentative text is reflected.

Then compare the "opinions and attitudes" listed in the options with the corresponding "opinions and attitudes" screened out in the article to get the correct option. 3. Summary evaluation method.

The author’s point of view in the article is expressed through the narration, discussion and evaluation of characters and events. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and evaluate the author’s point of view and attitude from the words and deeds of the characters and the narration of events. This kind of Compare and analyze the evaluation with the evaluation in the options, and select the option that meets the requirements of the question. 4. Grasp the question’s eye.

Carefully examine the question stem, grasp the key information in the question stem, clarify the requirements, carefully compare, and comprehensively analyze to find the correct answer. 4. Insights on classical Chinese learning methods

After studying classical Chinese, I feel that methods are very important. Here are some of my insights.

First, we must have a solid grasp of basic knowledge. You must be proficient in mastering common classical Chinese content words, classical Chinese function words, and special classical Chinese sentence patterns.

The second is to understand the use of classical Chinese translation methods. Classical Chinese translation generally takes "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" as the translation principles. Faithfulness requires that the translation accurately expresses the meaning of the original text, without distortion or omission, or adding or subtracting meaning at will, that is, not "out of shape". "Da" means that the translation is required to be clear and fluent, conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese, and have no grammatical errors. "Elegance" further requires that the translation should be more elegant in terms of words and sentences, and the writing style should be beautiful.

The third is to master and use classical Chinese reading skills to understand the content of the article.

1. When learning classical Chinese, you must establish context awareness and use the method of "interpreting the text with text, interpreting the text with events, and understanding the text" to understand the article more accurately. ① "Explain text with text", that is, based on the characteristics of ancient people's writing and the location of the word, a more scientific understanding of the meaning of the word in the context. In learning, you can use grammatical structure analysis to infer the meaning of words. For example, in the sentence "It's hard to find a letter in the vast sea", "hard to find" is the predicate, and "faith" modifies "hard to find" and serves as an adverbial. The adverbial is generally used as an adverb. , combined with the context, we can infer that "faith" means "reality". You can also use neat sentence patterns to infer the meaning of words: ancient people's behavior often has the characteristics of symmetry. In similar language environments, words in corresponding positions often have the same, similar or opposite meanings, and the correct meaning can be obtained from this explain. For example: "The rapids are like arrows, the fierce waves are like running", "arrow" and "running" are opposite, and they are both objects. It can be judged that it is a noun, meaning "running horse". You can also use the context, corresponding things, people, etc. to understand. ② "Explain the text with things", the "things" here refer to the relevant factual background. When studying, you can understand this by reading the notes below the class. ③ "To understand the text" means reasonable understanding taking into account the factors of reason and reason. For example, you can understand the article by understanding the character of the character, the author's emotional attitude towards the characters, the events narrated, the emotions expressed, etc.

2. When learning classical Chinese, you must establish an awareness of ancient literary styles, and quickly grasp the connotation of the article by grasping the stylistic features. The styles of ancient prose are roughly: notes (including: ① stele: an ancient style of writing on stone tablets to record the life stories of people. ② travel notes: a prose style that describes travel experiences. ③ miscellaneous notes: ancient things that reflect the meaning of events. A prose style that writes about what you have seen and heard without much discussion. ④Stories: It is an ancient style of writing about people’s life stories. ⑤Notes: A short and rich style of writing that mainly records things. For example: "Mengxi". "Bi Tan".) Yuan (an argumentative style that explores the origins of things in ancient times. For example: "Yuan Jun" (Huang Zongxi)) Bianshuo (an argumentative style that distinguishes right from wrong in ancient times) Shuo Shuo (an ancient way of describing, discussing, or explaining things) The literary style. For example: "Ma Shuo" and "Shi Shuo") (An argumentative style of analysis and reasoning in ancient times. For example: "Six Kingdoms") Ancient memorials submitted by ministers to the emperor (Shu: It is the minister's statement to the emperor in detail) A style of opinion, also known as memorials and memorials. Table: a style of stating an opinion or thing. Ce: a style of asking questions about policy in the imperial examination and asking the candidates to answer. It is called sarcastic remonstrance: used in ancient times. A type of literary style that tactfully persuades others to accept the opinions of subordinates.) Preface and postscript (Preface to a gift: one of the ancient literary styles, written for farewell. For example: "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang") Historical biography (general). First introduce someone's life, character, and experience, then describe specific events, and finally describe the person's ending, influence, or later generations' evaluation of him, etc.) Students can consciously follow the stylistic characteristics of classical Chinese in the process of learning classical Chinese. , quickly obtain article information and grasp the key points of the content.

Fourth, on the basis of understanding classical Chinese and grasping the content of the article, timely summarize classical Chinese knowledge points, summarize reading skills, and improve classical Chinese learning ability.

Students can classify the knowledge points of the text according to the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, and at the same time summarize the reading skills according to the characteristics of the style, and draw inferences from one instance to achieve the effect of learning classical Chinese and learning classical Chinese. Classical Chinese carries China's long culture. Scientific learning methods will give our learning wings to fly, allowing us to happily fly in the sky of history, appreciate delicacy, sincerity, beauty, and understand broadness, depth and breadth!