What are the commonly used first aid methods?

Objective: To observe the injured and send them to hospital for treatment.

First, if there is unconsciousness, see "unconsciousness".

If there is bleeding in the wound, please refer to the treatment of the wound. It can compress the blood supply artery in the corresponding area to stop bleeding.

If the situation is serious, you should send it to the hospital immediately.

If you vomit, put yourself in a position of recovery.

2. Within 48 hours after head injury, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible if you have the following phenomena:-

A, dizziness and vomiting;

B, headache;

C. neck pain and stiffness;

D. insanity, incoherent speech or partial loss of control of the body;

E. lethargy

shock

Objective: To examine and treat shock and send it to hospital for treatment.

1. Pale skin, cold sweat and rapid pulse, such as 100 times per minute, are all symbols of shock.

Secondly, one way to deal with shock is to improve the feet of the injured and increase the blood supply to the heart and brain.

Third, keep warm for the injured.

Four, immediately notify the doctor or sent to the emergency room for treatment.

break

Objective: To fix the injured limb to relieve the pain. Send it to the hospital as soon as possible.

First, observe the fracture site:

(1) can't move normally, the pain will increase with movement or touch, the wound will swell, and then blood stasis will appear as a closed fracture.

(2) It can't move, and the broken bone end can be seen, which is an open fracture.

Second, if you have symptoms of shock or respiratory obstruction, you should deal with them first.

Third, don't move the injured unless the situation is dangerous to life.

Fourth, if there is a wound, it can be covered and bandaged with clean gauze or dressing.

5. Fixing the broken bone: stabilize and support the upper and lower positions of the broken bone, fix the position of the broken bone with wooden boards or bamboo poles, take the length as the principle of exceeding the upper and lower joints, and then bind the injured limb with bandages.

Six, immediately sent to the hospital for treatment.

nosebleed

Objective: To stop bleeding; Reduce blood reflux

First of all, let the injured sit or stand, don't lie down, and lean forward slightly.

Second, persuade him to breathe through his mouth and hold the nasal cartilage with his hands a little hard.

Third, let him spit out the blood in his mouth, because swallowing blood may cause nausea and vomiting.

Four, if a lot of bleeding, should be sent to the hospital immediately.

Five, such as a small amount of bleeding, relax the pressure after ten minutes, if still bleeding, pressure for another ten minutes. Don't let the injured look up for the time being.

Six, if after thirty minutes, still don't stop bleeding, should be sent to hospital for treatment.

get an electric shock

Target: There is no electricity; Send it to the hospital as soon as possible.

First, cut off the current quickly before you can contact the injured.

Second, if you can't cut off the current, you can isolate the injured from the power supply with insulation such as bamboo, wood or wooden chairs.

Third, check the situation of the injured. If the heartbeat and breathing stop, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be implemented immediately.

Fourth, timely notify the ambulance to the hospital for treatment.

be poisoned

Objective: to dilute the poison; Send it to the hospital as soon as possible.

Take drugs or chemicals by mistake.

Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, spasm, unconsciousness, coma, dyspnea and residual stains in the mouth.

First, if the injured person is awake, it is forbidden to gastric lavage if he accidentally treats it as a corrosive agent. You can drink lubricants such as fresh milk or egg white to prevent absorption.

2. If the injured person loses consciousness, don't give him any food or drink to avoid food or liquid flowing into the respiratory tract.

Third, take it to the hospital with toxic substances and vomit samples to provide guidance for further treatment.

4. If you vomit or diarrhea after 12 hours, you should drink plenty of water and seek medical advice as soon as possible.

Gas or petroleum gas poisoning

1. Cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or hold your breath.

2. Open all doors and windows, and don't switch on or off electrical appliances or ignite.

Third, turn off the gas supply.

Fourth, move the injured to a place with good ventilation.

Five, notify the ambulance safety.

Six, if the injured stop breathing, artificial respiration should be implemented immediately.

kill

Objective: To clear the blockage as much as possible; Send to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

Symptoms: dyspnea, congestion or purple-blue face, cough.

First, remove things from the injured person's mouth, such as food scraps and false teeth, and encourage him to cough.

2. When the injured person is standing or sitting, help him to bend down so that his head is lower than his lungs, and pat his scapula hard with his palm, which can be done four times in a row, so that the blockage can be discharged by himself.

Third, if you have seen a blockage in your mouth, but you can't cough it out, you can dig it out with your fingers.

Fourth, artificial respiration when necessary.

lose consciousness

Objective: To keep the respiratory tract unobstructed; Go to the hospital for treatment.

1. Let the injured lie down in a prone position to prevent the tongue from blocking the throat and make the vomit flow out easily.

Second, keep the air circulating and loosen the tight clothes of the injured, such as the buttons on the neck and throat.

Third, keep the respiratory tract unblocked and remove objects in the mouth, such as food, vomit and loose dentures.

Fourth, check the breathing, pulse, sobriety and injury. If breathing and heartbeat stop, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Fifth, deal with serious wounds.

Sixth, arrange to be sent to the hospital.

Seven, do not give food.

Eight, continue to observe the changes in alertness.

Infantile spasm

Purpose: to protect it when attacking; You should take care of it as soon as you regain consciousness after the attack.

First, when a child has epilepsy or convulsions, be careful not to let him hit his head.

Second, if you bite the bullet, don't pry it open to avoid injury.

Third, don't try to stop convulsions forcibly, because convulsions usually stop themselves within a few minutes.

Fourth, loosen the patient's clothes as much as possible to keep the respiratory tract open.

Five, after the convulsion stops, generally will enter a state of lethargy, take out the vomit or false teeth in the mouth of the injured.

6. The injured person lies down on his side.

Seven, quickly sent to the hospital for treatment.

Eight, after the injured person wakes up, because convulsions consume a lot of physical strength, so he should be given a rest.

Muscle spasm

Objective: To relax muscles and reduce cramps.

Hand cramp:

First, slowly straighten the patient's finger.

Secondly, gently massage.

Leg cramp:

First, straighten your knees.

Second, put one hand under the heel and lift your legs.

Third, press your knees with your other hand and gently massage the cramped muscles.

Leg cramp:

First of all, pay attention to straighten your knees.

Second, gently lift your legs, bend the soles of your feet upward, and slowly press them toward your calves.

Third, gently massage the cramped muscles.

Leg cramp:

First, straighten your toes.

Second, gently massage the foot muscles.

Please add a detailed explanation.