Zhuzi's cultural poems

1. What articles are there about Zhu culture? What are Zhu's main philosophical works? Four books with notes, four books or topics, explaining Taiji diagram, explaining general books, explaining Mingxi, the original meaning of Zhouyi and the enlightenment of Yijing, etc.

In addition, there is "Zhuyu Subclass", which is a record of questions and answers between him and his disciples. Zhang Jianguang rambles on Zhuzi culture and rereads Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism. "Neo-Confucianism" comes down in one continuous line with the two peaks of China culture-Confucius and Mencius.

The sages called Zhu Zi "Confucius under three generations" and offered sacrifices to the Confucius Temple with his immediate disciples. Why did Zhu win such high praise? What is valuable about Zhu is that he didn't "follow the rules", but "followed the rules", systematized and theorized Confucius' theory, and established a new Confucianism with "the widest, the smallest and the most complete", which responded to the challenges of value ideal (breaking and enjoying), foreign culture (Buddhist culture) and theoretical transformation (I note six classics, I note six classics).

Zhu's Neo-Confucianism is not only a masterpiece of Neo-Confucianism, but also a masterpiece of China culture such as Buddhism and Taoism. It is a symbol of the spirit of that era and the mainstream thought. Therefore, Zhu called his theories "post-Confucianism" and "new Confucianism".

Scholar Chen Yinque commented: "From the Qin Dynasty to today, the evolution of China Thought is complicated for a long time, and it is only one main reason, that is, the emergence and spread of Neo-Confucianism." Zhu constructed an academic ideological system with "rationality" as the core, which is equivalent to Kant in the history of western philosophy.

What puzzles Zhang Jianguang is that such a great man has not been deeply studied by many people for a long time, which is a great pity. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism includes natural science. Some people think that since the Southern Song Dynasty, China's scientific and technological inventions have declined, and Zhu Neo-Confucianism is more about social science, which is not beneficial to natural science, and even fetters it.

Does Zhuzi culture hinder scientific and technological progress? Zhu Zi is not only a sociologist, but also a natural scientist. He made his own armillary sphere, observed the stars, put forward the theory of oriental classical nebula, and was the first to identify fossils.

Zhu also discovered the fact that snowflakes are hexagonal, four or five hundred years earlier than the western astronomer Kepler. Joseph Needham, a famous British biochemist who once put forward the Needham puzzle, also spoke highly of Zhu, saying that Zhu was "the thinker with the highest comprehensive ability in the history of China" in the history of scientific thought.

It is worth mentioning that Zhu's achievements in the study of Zhouyi, especially the ancient Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang embracing each other, greatly influenced Bohr and Leibniz and inspired the creation and invention of modern physicists. Bohr publicly declared that the complementary concept of his quantum theory is strikingly consistent with the Taiji Yin-Yang thought of oriental classical culture.

Inspired by this, Leibniz invented the binary system, so there was an electronic computer. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism contains extremely rich natural science thoughts, at least in guiding ideology and methodology.

Since the formation of Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, the evaluation of Zhu's personality and knowledge has been two worlds of ice and fire. The most polite words are respect and unfriendly.

Is that really the case? "Zhu is not a gentleman, nor a pseudo-moralist, but a man with temperament." Zhang Jianguang said that Zhu's respectable and amiable is reflected in his being an official, being a man, being a friend and writing.

Be an official, be people-oriented and pay attention to the church. Zhu has been an official for less than nine years, and he has done two major things: educating the people and providing disaster relief.

During his political career, Zhu reorganized and expanded official schools, restored famous academies, and personally taught Confucianism. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of disaster relief, Zhu suggested establishing a cooperative warehouse in combination with the actual situation of Five Blessingg Town.

Today, the brick tablet of Five Blessingg Shecang is still there, and his book Shecang in Five Blessingg, Chong 'an County, Jianzhou is still so warm. Be a man, be kind to others, clean up each other and be kind.

Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan held their own opinions in the "dispute between Goose and Lake" and broke up in discord. However, after the reconstruction of Bailudong Academy, Zhu still invited Lu Jiuyuan to give lectures and listen in person, which shows that Zhu is open-minded and has no bad feelings because of academic differences.

Be friends, like-minded and sincere. When Lu You was demoted back to Shao, Zhu, who was also ill, sent Wuyi paper quilts thousands of miles away, and wrote two poems for this purpose. The poem says, "Paper is surrounded by snow, as white as a fox's armpit."

This shows the friendship between Zhu and his friends. Lingshan is beautiful and lively for words.

"Half an acre of square pond, day put * * *. Ask where the canal is so clear because there is a source of living water. "

Compared with Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, his poems have been unanimously recognized by all dynasties. As for the ten well-known "Nine Songs to Acura" written in folk Yuefu, it has already become the first introduction of Wuyi landscape.

Zhu's Fujian School is the core of Fujian-Taiwan culture and the source of cross-strait exchanges. Folklore was introduced into Taiwan Province Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and became the mainstream culture in Taiwan Province Province, which had a far-reaching impact on the people in Taiwan Province Province.

Every time the Confucius Temple in Taipei worships Confucius, it is dedicated to Zhu. In Taiwan Province Province, a strong atmosphere of "Confucianism in Ziyang, seclusion in the sea corner" has been formed. "Zhuzi culture can enhance cross-strait recognition and promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland.

In promoting cross-strait cultural exchanges, Zhuzi culture has been recognized by politicians, experts and people. Zhang Jianguang said that Zhu's theory has not only greatly influenced the ideology and culture of the Chinese nation, but also spread to East Asian countries and European and American countries, which has the value and conditions to go abroad.

When evaluating the cultural heritage of Wuyishan, UNESCO pointed out that "as a theory, post-Confucianism has occupied a dominant position in East and Southeast Asian countries for many centuries, and has influenced a large part of the world in philosophy and politics". Zhuzi culture is the official philosophy of the Korean Li Dynasty for more than 500 years, the official ideology of the Japanese Edo era and Tokugawa shogunate for nearly 300 years, and the official guiding ideology of the Vietnamese Chen, Li and Ruan dynasties for more than 600 years.

Professor An Xuanbang, the eldest son of the Japanese Society for the History of Thought, said: "In modern eastern philosophy, the only system that can be on an equal footing with the West is Zhu's philosophical system." .

2. What is Zhu's culture? As a master of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, Zhu's Fujian study system contains rich philosophical thoughts, humanistic spirit and moral concepts. Known as Zhu culture, it has a far-reaching influence on later generations and is an important part of China's traditional culture.

Neo-Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism, also known as Taoism, is a theory aimed at studying the meaning of Confucian classics, that is, the so-called study of righteousness.

Educational thought

Zhu has been engaged in lecturing for a long time, and has carefully compiled a variety of teaching materials, such as Notes on Four Books, and trained many talents. His educational thoughts are extensive and profound, among which the most noteworthy are: first, discussing the education of "primary school" and "university", and second, discussing "Zhu's reading method".

Scientific thought

Zhu believes that everything such as astronomy, geography, biology, agriculture and meteorology should be studied.

Aesthetic ideology

Zhu's philosophical system contains the theory of artistic beauty. He believes that beauty is the unity of aesthetic feeling and moral goodness. Based on the viewpoint that beauty is the unity of external beauty and internal moral goodness, the harmonious unity of literature and quality, literature and Taoism is perfect. His research on The Book of Songs and Songs of the South often shows keen aesthetic insight.

Extended data

"Neo-Confucianism", also called Tian Li or Daoism in ancient China, was founded by Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong and Zhang Zai in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi continued to develop, and finally the Southern Song Dynasty saw Zhu Ji's success. Therefore, this kind of Neo-Confucianism is usually called "Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism", which is the official thought of the Yuan Dynasty and subsequent dynasties. Scholars who study Neo-Confucianism are called "Neo-Confucianism".

As far as subdivision is concerned, there are differences between Lu Wang and Neo-Confucianism, which cannot be confused. Metaphysics prevailed in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Taoism and Buddhism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and Confucianism was no longer dominant. However, Zhu completed the transformation of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhu's profundity lies in putting Confucius and Mencius in an authentic position, sorting out Dong Zhongshu's yin and yang elements, Zhang Zai's, Zhou Dunyi's and Cheng Cheng's views, as well as the Buddhist concept of extinction and the Taoist philosophical speculative spirit, and carefully constructing a profound new Confucian system.

The shortcomings of Confucianism in world outlook and methodology have been overcome. This makes the teachings of Buddhism and Taoism never waver again. In the 700 years after the Song Dynasty, Jin's Lu Si, Four Books and Four Books' Notes have always been regarded as orthodox and very suitable for the patriarchal clan system.

Many people pointed out that China became introverted, conservative and stagnant from the Song Dynasty because of the shackles of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. Even some scholars who study the history of clothing claim that due to the influence of Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng, women's clothing in Song Dynasty tends to be stiff, stiff and tightly wrapped. But in fact, if you look at the women in Song Dynasty paintings, you will find that their clothes are very sexy, and they usually wear underwear outside to show their breasts.

Hundred schools of thought in the Song Dynasty can also be described as a hundred flowers blooming, and Neo-Confucianism is just one of them. For a long time, Zhu's theory was rejected by the imperial court.

3. Zhu culture and lotus couplets and related materials Zhu, a poet, philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. The master of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Northern Song Dynasty, and completed the monism system of principle and qi. Zhu is a master of science and one of the main representatives of feudal Confucianism in China. His academic thought, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, marking a more complete ideology of feudal society. In the second year of Yuan and Qing Dynasties (13 13), the imperial examination was resumed, and Zhu's Notes on Four Books was ordered as the textual research. In the second year of Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu reign (1369), Zhu et al. took "Chuan as the Sect" in the imperial examination. Zhu Xue became a powerful spiritual pillar to consolidate the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthened the "three cardinal guides and five permanents" and hindered the later changes in feudal society. Zhu's academic thought also has an important influence in the history of world culture. Zhu's main philosophical works include Notes to Four Books, Four Books or Topics, Illustrations of Taiji, Interpretation of General Books, Interpretation of Mingxi, Original Meaning of Zhouyi and Enlightenment of Yijing. In addition, there is "Zhuyu Subclass", which is a record of questions and answers between him and his disciples.

Lotus related knowledge:

Lotus, also known as lotus flower, lotus flower, whiplash flower, water hibiscus, water lily, cloud water, hydrangea, water bloom, etc., is its elegant name. The unopened bud is called cymbals, and the blooming flower is called whiplash grass. It belongs to Nymphaeaceae and is a perennial aquatic perennial herb. Its underground stem is called lotus root, which is edible and flowering. It is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is the national flower of India.

Couplets:

The splash difference of the moving boat is green.

Leaning against the threshold and shaking the handle.

The wind can be smelled far away.

Sunset covered with clouds.

Light, fragrant, long winding around the curved pool.

A beautiful mosaic covers a beautiful swimming pool.

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My hometown is a place with beautiful scenery, surrounded by mountains and fresh air.

This is Youxi, the birthplace of Zhu, a famous educator and thinker. 1130 September 15, Zhu was born in Youxi "Nanxi Academy" with a burst of immature and loud crying.

Nanxi Academy is located in the southeast of Zhuxi Park in Youxi County. In the evening, when you step into Zhu Park, you will see an avenue carved with Chinese zodiac signs, cunning and treacherous mice, honest bulls and mighty tigers ... everything is lifelike, as if they were going to live.

Follow the path and walk into a pond half an acre square. There is a small bridge in the middle of the pond. Standing on the bridge, looking down, the red carp swam happily in the pond, jumping out of the water from time to time, and performing "Carp yue longmen" for tourists. There is a "turtle" on the left side of the pond, carrying a stone tablet motionless, as if waiting for the arrival of tourists.

On the right side of the half acre square pond are two stone carp, which are continuously spitting water. Looking at the uninterrupted flow of the stream, I seem to see the clear stream. The poet Zhu is writing a poem: When the square pond is half an acre open, the sky is high and the clouds are light.

Where is the canal so light? Only the source of living water has come. Follow the pond, walk into a small door, lift your eyes, and you will see two ancient trees.

The trunk is thick and straight. Standing like two pillars.

Walking out of the pond half an acre square, melodious music came not far away. Go in and have a look, it turned out to be a music fountain! Columnar spray goes straight into the sky, sometimes spewing thick and straight water columns, and sometimes dripping water droplets. With the string rhythm of music, fountains come and go. Like a green mountain, winding and circling.

Stepping on the stone road, reluctantly walking on the way back, I can't help but feel a poetic feeling: my hometown is a harbor of love; Is the source of happiness; It is our hometown. I want to study hard, build a better hometown and create a better tomorrow.

5. Zhu Shi 1 Describe the relationship between writing and life "Two thoughts on reading (I)"

Song: Zhu

Half an acre of square pond opened, and the sky was overcast.

Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.

A half-acre square pond is displayed like a mirror, in which the brilliance of the sky and the shadow of floating clouds move together. Why is the water in that square pond so clear? It is because there is an inexhaustible source to continuously transport living water for it.

2. Two Thoughts on Reading (Part Two)

Song: Zhu

Last night on the Ross River, the huge warship was as light as a feather.

It used to take a lot of effort to push it, but today it can move in the middle of water.

The spring tide rose by the river last night, and the ship was as light as a feather. Pushing and pulling has always been in vain, but today I can drift freely in the middle of the river.

Extended data

"Reading Comprehension" is an interesting poem written by Zhu, who tells his feelings about reading with metaphor. Influenced by Zen, there are many reasoners in Song poetry. But there are not many people who can explain the truth well and have literary talent. Zhu's two Random Thoughts on Reading are well-founded and interesting.

Whether Zhu is right or wrong, he has a great influence on China culture. There is a couplet. The first couplet is: Zhu's eyes and nostrils are taller than Confucius.

Liang Qichao criticized the scholars who were attached to the imperial power of the Qing Dynasty, and praised Zhu more than Confucius, which was manifested as: wrong rather than right.

These statements seem strange, but they are all true. Although the school had a confrontation with Zhu, Zhu's influence still existed. Wang Yangming was superstitious about Zhu in his early years, and later opposed Zhu Zicheng's system. Finally, he inevitably wrote Zhu's conclusion in his later years.

Apart from Zhu's academic achievements, his two books "Reading Experience" are really excellent works.

The first book uses a square pond as a metaphor (the circle is a pool and the square is a pond), which reflects everything. The water in the pool is very clear, precisely because there is running water at the source. This flowing water, of course, is a steady stream of knowledge.

But this poem can only be considered unqualified if it is with the founder of Yunmen Sect. As the saying goes, "the person who enters the door is not a treasure", and the water flowing in is not his own treasure after all.

The second is about the size and timing of energy. When the spring water comes, the big ship becomes like a feather, floating gently. In the past, when the water was small, a lot of energy was wasted; He can run freely in the water.

Kunpeng soaring, need to rely on the power of the horn wind; Filling one's pockets requires the buoyancy of spring water. It's a matter of energy and timing.

Baidu encyclopedia-two thoughts on reading

6. What are the poems related to "culture"? 1, bid farewell to Dongchuan?

Song sushi

I am full of life, I am full of poems and books.

Tired of cooking leaves with old Confucianism, it is better to step on Sophora japonica with children.

If it's empty, you can't find a spring horse or see a car.

Proud of the secular, Sun Wong wet words such as crow.

Life is wrapped in coarse cloth and poor clothes, and the temperament of learning in the chest is naturally glorious. I don't like chatting with the old Confucian about the bitter days of "cooking leaves", so I decided to take the imperial examination with the scholars.

If you don't have money in your pocket, you won't buy a "painted face" horse, but you will look at the dazzling "choosing a husband's car". I can also boast to secular people in the exam, and my name is written in crow black on the imperial edict.

2. Two ideas about reading, the first part.

Song: Zhu

Half an acre of square pond opened, and the sky was overcast.

Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.

Half an acre of square pond is like a mirror, clear and bright, with clouds floating on the water. Why is the water in the pond so clear? It is because there is an inexhaustible source that continuously delivers living water to it.

Step 3 read books

Ming Dynasty: Yu Qian

My feelings for books are like friends for many years, and there will always be sadness or joy in the morning and evening.

In front of countless words, there is no worldly thought in my heart.

Fresh ideas emerge one after another, like the wind in the east wind, flowers are new.

Roaming the golden saddle, the dignitaries are still lamenting that it is hard to find a product, and they don't believe that there is no spring scenery in this study.

Books are like my old friends for many years. No matter whether they are sad or happy, they always accompany me day and night. After browsing countless words in front of me, there are no worldly distractions in my heart.

Insist on reading regularly, and fresh ideas emerge one after another. Study hard, like a willow in the east wind fighting for a new color. After walking through the golden saddle, the dignitaries are still lamenting that the trace is hard to find, and they don't believe that there is no spring scenery in my study.

4. Reading on a Winter Night.

Song dynasty: Lu you

The ancients learned nothing, and it takes time to grow old.

What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.

The ancients spared no effort in learning, worked hard when they were young, and achieved nothing when they were old. After all, the knowledge gained from books is not perfect. If you want to know things thoroughly, you must practice it yourself.

5. "reading"

Tang Dynasty: Pi Rixiu

What is family fortune? It's accumulated.

Gao Zhai Xiao opened the book and spoke only in the language of saints.

Although Yingxian is a different world, it has been in love since ancient times.

It is better to see a mullet on the table than any other couple.

What's in the house? It's just a room full of books. Open the book slowly in the beautiful and quiet study, wander in the sea of books and talk to the sages. Although people with both ability and political integrity are not in the same era, they have always praised and appreciated each other since ancient times. Reading a book on the desk is happier than meeting a long-lost friend.