What are the reasons for the emergence of "hollow fruit" in planting tomatoes and how to prevent it?

hollow fruit is one of the common phenomena in tomato production. Once the tomato fruit appears hollow, not only the edible value is greatly reduced, but also the commodity value is basically lost. So what causes the hollowness of tomatoes? How to avoid it in the production process. Next, let's understand the cause and effect of the phenomenon of hollow fruit in tomatoes.

1. Causes of the occurrence of tomato hollow fruit

The root cause of the occurrence of tomato hollow fruit is the disharmony between the jelly of peel and pulp during growth and development. Peel and pulp grow separately, and the growth speed of them mainly depends on the absorption speed of nutrients. When the absorption speed of the two is quite different, the hollow fruit of tomato is formed.

because the pulp inside is less influenced by the outside world, its nutrient absorption rate mainly depends on the concentration of synthetic organic matter in leaves and the concentration of water absorbed by roots and nutrient supply, while the peel is not only affected by these two aspects, but also by external factors, such as temperature and hormones. The factors that affect the imbalance of their coordinated growth are mainly as follows:

1. Hollow fruit caused by variety < P > Some tomato varieties have congenital defects in the coordinated development of peel and pulp, such as varieties with few ventricles are prone to hollow fruit phenomenon. Generally speaking, early-maturing varieties have fewer ventricles and late-maturing varieties have more ventricles.

2. hollow fruit caused by temperature factors

in the pollen formation period, if it encounters a high temperature of 35℃ and lasts for a long time, it will lead to poor pollination and fertilization. At the same time, because the peel is more obviously affected by the external environment than the pulp, the growth speed of the peel is faster, which leads to the uncoordinated synchronization between the pulp and the peel, resulting in hollow phenomenon.

3. Hollow fruit caused by improper use of hormones

At flowering stage, fruit farmers' friends have the habit of dipping flowers to promote pollination, and even some vegetable farmers' friends will use some swelling agents to promote fruit expansion. If the concentration is too high, the flowers are dipped repeatedly, or the buds are small when dipped in flowers, the phenomenon of empty fruit will occur. In addition, the use of bulking agent is particularly easy to cause hollowing, because the main component of bulking agent is chlorfenuron, and the internal absorption of chlorfenuron is relatively weak, where it is used, it will grow faster. Therefore, if too much bulking agent is used, the peel will grow faster, but the pulp will still expand at the original speed, which will easily form hollow fruit.

4. Hollow fruit caused by light

In the fruit expansion period, if it encounters cloudy weather, there will be insufficient light, which will affect the photosynthesis of tomato leaves, and then lead to the decrease of photosynthetic products, and the supply of nutrients transported to the fruit is in short supply, resulting in the uncoordinated growth of pulp and peel, resulting in the phenomenon of hollow fruit.

5. Insufficient nutrition supply

If the supply of water and fertilizer can't keep up at the full fruit stage and the later growth stage, the nutrition supply of the fruit will be insufficient, and the accumulation of carbohydrates will be less, and hollowing will also occur. In the same inflorescence, the order of flowering will also affect the supply of nutrients. The fruits formed by early flowering are more abundant than those formed by late flowering, so the fruits formed by late flowering are easy to form empty fruits.

second, the prevention and control measures of tomato hollow fruit

after understanding the causes of tomato hollow fruit formation, we can easily put forward solutions to the symptoms.

1. Select suitable varieties for cultivation

Under the premise of combining consumption habits, market prices and other factors, try to choose middle-late maturing varieties with more ventricles for cultivation.

2. Rational use of hormones

Minimize the use of expansin; When two-thirds of the flowers in each inflorescence are in bloom, the regulator is sprayed; The content of anti-falling agent is 15~25㎎/L when used, or 25~4㎎/L of flowers are dipped with tomato essence. Repeated dipping of flowers should be avoided when dipping flowers, and the concentration should be reduced accordingly before use in high temperature season.

3. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer

In tomato cultivation, with the help of agricultural technicians, formula fertilization should be carried out as far as possible to ensure the reasonable distribution of nutrients, adjust the root-shoot ratio of plants, avoid competing for nutrients because of overgrown branches and leaves and fruits, and ensure adequate nutrient supply for plant nutritional growth and reproductive growth.

In the full fruiting period, attention should be paid to the supply of water and fertilizer to meet the demand of tomato plant growth and development for nutrients; In the full fruit period, organic matter nutrition can be applied to improve the nutrient supply concentration of roots, which will promote the growth rate of pulp, narrow the gap with peel as much as possible, and the hollow phenomenon will disappear. Glucose is strongly recommended here, and it can effectively reduce the empty fruit rate of tomatoes in 4-7 days in general. If premature aging occurs, root system maintenance and foliar fertilization should be carried out in time.

4, do a good job of light and temperature control

do a good job of temperature and light management to create good environmental conditions for fruit growth and development. The temperature at seedling stage and fruiting stage should not be too high. In the process of tomato growth and development, the daytime temperature is generally controlled at around 26℃, and the deviation between up and down should not exceed 4℃. The temperature at night is controlled at around 16℃. Especially in the seedling stage, it is necessary to prevent the night temperature from being too high and the light from being insufficient. Try to avoid encountering high temperature above 35℃ during flowering to avoid adverse effects on pollination.

5. Choose strong seedlings for planting

Avoid planting young seedlings when planting. Young seedlings have strong roots and strong absorption, and excessive nitrogen nutrition is easy to form hollow fruits. Seize the opportunity to pick the heart, especially to avoid the shortage of nutrition supply caused by premature picking the heart.

The above is the answer to the causes and prevention measures of the phenomenon of hollow fruit in tomatoes. Apart from varieties, to prevent the phenomenon of hollow fruit, vegetable farmers should pay more attention to field management, and if the field management is done properly, the hollow rate of tomatoes will naturally decrease.