Common sense of outdoor sports

1. What are the necessary knowledge about outdoor safety?

The infinite attraction of outdoor sports stems from fans' desire to return to nature and their experience of challenging the limits and surpassing themselves. Outdoor activities can enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way, but the harsh environment also tests the participants' physical strength, experience, equipment and team consciousness. Unpredictable accidents will happen in the process of engaging in this sport, not to mention being a novice. How to engage in outdoor sports correctly, under the premise of respecting life and ensuring the team, is the test endless? Travelers are willing to share outdoor safety knowledge with you.

Compared with nature, human beings are extremely small and fragile. We must know, understand and adapt to nature with a scientific attitude in order to communicate with nature. Otherwise, casualties are inevitable. Generally speaking, outdoor sports risks are roughly divided into two categories, one is objective danger, and the other is man-made danger (such as carelessness, equipment problems, lack of technology, theft, etc.). How to avoid objective dangers and prevent man-made dangers has become the knowledge that anyone, especially beginners, need to learn in the process of outdoor sports.

Recognizing the danger and establishing safety awareness According to the investigation of relevant organizations and the nature of outdoor people's participation in activities, most outdoor consumers in China have only begun to participate in outdoor sports in recent years. In recent years, outdoor sports in China have developed rapidly, but there is a lack of adequate organization and preparation. The public, especially beginners, lack awareness of outdoor dangers and formal training institutions. As we all know, there are objective dangers, such as accidental falling rocks, lightning strikes, low temperature, lack of oxygen and other natural disasters, which will be dangerous if caught up; If you avoid it, it is an irrelevant natural phenomenon, and people without outdoor experience can know its existence, but beginners often have different understandings of this phenomenon. They often ignore such dangers, thinking that there is no way to take natural and objective dangers anyway, and it is better to leave them behind. Ignore this matter.

In fact, this is the best difference between experienced and inexperienced. Experienced people will reasonably avoid natural disasters. The sign of an outdoor enthusiast's maturity is to see whether he will feel scared and know how to give up when traveling outdoors. Fear and timidity are completely different concepts here. When you are afraid, people will know how to be careful to prevent any danger. Therefore, we must take it seriously when we step outside, and respect life from learning to be afraid. Join a regular outdoor group.

From the point of view of organization, outdoor activities are mainly organized by relatives and friends spontaneously and convened through the network. Many novices generally don't walk alone, but look for outdoor sports clubs or outdoor organizations. At this time, the team formation often determines the accident rate of the team. Professional outdoor organizations usually have activity plans, routes are determined after prior inspection, and there is a perfect logistics support and contact system. In contrast, irresponsible spontaneous group activities are very blind and random. This kind of outdoor activities, after problems, often lead to disagreement and aggravate outdoor risks. So the suggestion is to find some more formal teams to join. It has legal qualifications, established a sound internal management mechanism and has professional and technical personnel. Members have a clear understanding of their rights and obligations and are recognized by the local sports department. Each of us should be kind to ourselves and our teammates. Safety is more important than anything else. Learn from experience and lessons.

The answer comes from the extreme outdoor network official website.

2. Give me some sports advice.

1。 Exercise time

It is recommended not to wake up in the morning (except leaving early), because the functions of various parts of the body can not reach the level of exercise quickly, which is easy to cause sports injuries.

2。 sports garment/apparel

Try to wear loose and elastic sportswear (except for special sports, such as swimming ~ ~), and the choice of fabric is also very important. If you expect more sweat to flow out during exercise, try to wear clothes made of chemical fiber fabric. Here, correct a small misunderstanding. Pure cotton T-shirts are not suitable for sports, especially outdoor sports. Because the pure cotton fabric is easy to cling to the skin after encountering water, the pores open after strenuous exercise, and it is easy to catch a cold.

3。 warming-up

It is best to do 15-30 minutes of warm-up activities, ankles, knees, wrists, shoulders, waist and so on.

Let the joints and ligaments of all parts of the body fully move, and it is best to "see sweat" to avoid sports injuries.

4。 eating habits

It is not advisable to drink cold drinks or water or drink alcohol after strenuous exercise.

3. Who knows little about sports?

People who exercise in summer should have scientific methods, and there are six taboos for exercising in midsummer.

First, avoid exercising in the scorching sun. Every day around noon, when the sun is shining, except swimming, it is best not to do outdoor sports at this time to prevent heatstroke.

Second, avoid too long exercise time. In high temperature, do not exercise for more than half an hour at a time, so as not to sweat too much, and the body temperature will rise too high, causing heatstroke.

If the one-time exercise time is long, you can arrange 1 to take two breaks in the middle. Third, avoid drinking plenty of water after exercise.

Drinking plenty of water after exercise will increase the burden on the blood and digestive system, especially the heart. At the same time, drinking too much water will make you sweat more and lose salt in your body, which will cause muscle spasms and other problems.

Fourth, avoid washing cold water immediately after exercise. In summer, the heat in the body increases rapidly, and the capillaries expand a lot, which is convenient for heat dissipation.

When the body is suddenly washed with cold water, the capillaries suddenly close, which leads to the disorder of internal organs and abnormal temperature regulation of the brain, thus causing the disease. Five, avoid eating cold drinks after exercise.

After exercise, a lot of blood can rush to the body surface and muscles, and the digestive tract is in a state of relative anemia. Eating a lot of cold drinks lowers the temperature of the stomach and dilutes the gastric juice, which is easy to cause indigestion and even acute gastritis. Sixth, avoid drying clothes with body temperature.

Exercise in midsummer, clothes are soaked with sweat, some people don't change clothes, and want to dry wet clothes with body temperature, which is easy to cause rheumatism or arthritis. After exercise, they must put on dry clothes.

4. Outdoor sports knowledge

These include mountaineering, rock climbing, cliff descent, camping, picnics, orienteering, streams, exploration and other projects. Outdoor leisure sports are mostly adventurous, belonging to extreme and sub-extreme sports. They are very challenging and challenging, embracing nature and challenging themselves.

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5. What are the experiences of outdoor sports equipment?

1, another use of towels.

It's the most common cotton towel, the thicker one. Put it on your back to absorb sweat before strenuous exercise, and take it out immediately after exercise. You will feel comfortable and your underwear will dry much faster.

It is best to cooperate with sweat-wicking underwear. Take more copies and change them several times. 2, cheap chemical fiber underwear.

I once saw someone climbing a mountain in ordinary thermal underwear, which was terrible! Special sweat-wicking underwear is best. Don't wear cotton if you don't have it for the time being. Go to a stall or supermarket to find that kind of chemical fiber (usually acrylic) underwear. Although it can't catch up with sweat-wicking underwear, it is much better than needle cotton underwear! 3. Reject jeans. I don't need to say much about this, but I noticed that there are still many novices playing outdoors in jeans. Maybe some people still think jeans are durable and strong.

In fact, cotton products are neither strong nor wear-resistant, and their physical properties are not suitable for outdoor sports. Once it rains, wades or sweats a lot, you will know the shortcomings of jeans.

Take it off quickly, even wearing a pair of chemical fiber pants with more than 20 yuan is better than it.

6. What sports games are there?

Outdoor sports category 1. Water sports and navigation: 1. Diving: diving, underwater orientation, underwater photography.

Swimming: swimming, diving, water polo and rafting. 2. Navigation: surfing, water skiing, windsurfing, sampan, sailing, yachting, motorboat, jet skiing and rafting.

Second, land sports and cycling: 1, hiking: hiking, marching, running, running? Orienteering, fox hunting. 2. Cycling: long-distance road bike, mountain bike cross-country, BMX motorcycle, downhill mountain.

3. Mountain movement and underground activities: 1. Mountaineering: hiking, mountain climbing, climbing snow-capped mountains. 2. Downhill: skiing, sliding, grass skiing, falling rocks, and falling streams.

3. Rock climbing: Rock climbing, rock climbing and equipment climbing. 4. Cave exploration: natural caves, artificial caves and underwater caves.

Camping activities and hunting diet: 1, camping, hunting and picnicking, collecting flowers and plants, simulating field battles, expanding training, and surviving on a desert island. 2. Fishing [pond fishing, sea fishing, shrimp fishing], crab fishing, rat catching, insect catching, butterfly catching, barbecue cooking.

3. Photographic sketch, geological survey, ore collection, folklore survey, historic site investigation and anecdote interview. V. Motor vehicles, boats and air movement: 1. Motorcycle: mountain cross-country, road race, long-distance travel.

2, cars: racing, cross-country, adventure, travel, vacation. 3. Sliding: skiing, skating, water skiing, roller skating, skateboarding, bungee jumping and rock jumping.

4. air movement: skydiving, paragliding, powered parachute, hot air balloon, glider, ultralight aircraft. Recreation and leisure military sports: 1, the eagle catches chickens, throws handkerchiefs, jumps over squares, goes to Shimonoseki, saves people, fights cocks, bears catch people blindly, and horses scuffle.

2. Playing marbles, jumping rubber bands, brushing the top, throwing apricot stones, playing diabolo, flying kites and mowing grass. 3. Ball games: ball games, basketball, volleyball, football, badminton, tennis and sandbags.

4, riding: horses, camels, cows, donkeys. Sheep cart, dog cart, sleigh.

Bicycle, unicycle. 5. Communication: semaphore communication, lighting communication, telegraph communication and motorcycle communication.

6, shooting: air gun, (hunting? ), archery, dart crossbow. Paintball field battle.

7. What first aid knowledge must sports enthusiasts master?

The composition of joints is very complicated, and there are many "parts", such as ligament and cartilage damage, which cannot be detected by X-ray.

These small wounds on ligaments and cartilage, if not treated in time, will become more and more serious with human activities, and even cause lifelong regret. Many people do not attach importance to joint sprain and swelling, thinking that it is similar to general contusion and soft tissue injury.

The composition of joints is very complicated. For example, the human knee joint is composed of femur, tibia, patella and fibula, and its medial and lateral collateral ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament, and medial and lateral meniscus, together with the surrounding muscles and tendons, can maintain the stability of the knee joint. Among the common sports injuries, knee and ankle injuries are the most common.

Clinically, at least 1/4 elderly people with osteoarthritis are caused by sports injury or overuse when they are young. Cartilage repair ability is poor, and it is easy to form bone spurs. Experts remind that the sooner the joint injury is diagnosed, the better.

Some ligaments and joints are slightly injured, and they can recover by themselves within two or three weeks through regular physical therapy, rest and taking drugs to promote cartilage growth. However, many people do not take joint injuries seriously, and still exercise vigorously, thinking that it is good to move.

I didn't expect the ligament to get bigger and bigger, and finally it even broke. The small wound on the cartilage was only as big as a small point at first, but if it keeps grinding, it will not heal, but will get bigger and bigger. Only surgery can solve the problem in the end. There is no good medical treatment for cartilage injury at present.

Articular cartilage is not dominated by nerves, and its nutrition comes from articular fluid, which is transparent and elastic. However, after cartilage injury, it is difficult to completely repair itself as before.

Cartilage repair is like skin scarring, but there are differences. After the skin is scarred, the scar will fall off on its own after a while, and the skin below is exactly the same as before.

But cartilage is different. The scarred part is fibrocartilage, which is far less elastic than before injury. Because the "scarring" part of cartilage is too hard, it will grow into bone spurs over time, leading to repeated inflammation, swelling and effusion of joints, and its defective part will become larger and larger.

In addition, repeated practice of an action and excessive movement of some parts can also cause chronic joint injury. The most common chronic joint injury is patella softening.

For example, if the knee joint is excessively flexed and stretched for a long time, the patella will be "worn", just like old glass, which will lead to the degeneration and softening of the patella cartilage surface. Another common chronic joint injury is "football ankle". When playing football, the ankle keeps moving left and right, back and forth, and the joint activity is too frequent, which will lead to defects and bone spurs.

After every activity, bone spurs will bump in the joints, making the wound bigger and bigger.

8. Sports knowledge

A very broad question

Too much, too much

If divided into major categories, there are track and field, gymnastics, ball games, equipment, water sports, swimming, martial arts fighting, national sports and so on.

1。 Exercise time

It is recommended not to wake up in the morning (except leaving early), because the functions of various parts of the body can not reach the level of exercise quickly, which is easy to cause sports injuries.

2。 sports garment/apparel

Try to wear loose and elastic sportswear (except for special sports, such as swimming ~ ~), and the choice of fabric is also very important. If you expect more sweat to flow out during exercise, try to wear clothes made of chemical fiber fabric. Here, correct a small misunderstanding. Pure cotton T-shirts are not suitable for sports, especially outdoor sports. Because the pure cotton fabric is easy to cling to the skin after encountering water, the pores open after strenuous exercise, and it is easy to catch a cold.

3。 warming-up

It is best to do 15-30 minutes of warm-up activities, ankles, knees, wrists, shoulders, waist and so on.

Let the joints and ligaments of all parts of the body fully move, and it is best to "see sweat" to avoid sports injuries.

4。 eating habits

It is not advisable to drink cold drinks or water or drink alcohol after strenuous exercise.

9. What are the basic knowledge of outdoor sports?

The selection and construction of outdoor basic knowledge camp is a big problem related to the rest of all personnel, and the following matters must be paid attention to: 1, near water: camping and rest must be close to water sources, such as streams, lakes and rivers.

However, you can't set the camp on the beach or by the stream. Once it rains heavily, or the upstream reservoir releases water, flash floods, etc. , there will be life-threatening. Especially in rainy season and flash floods.

2. Leeward: The leeward problem should be considered when camping in the wild, especially in some valleys and river beaches. You should choose a leeward place to camp. Also, pay attention to the orientation of the tent door, not facing the wind.

Leeward is not only camping, but also using fire. 3. Far cliff: When camping, you can't stick the camp under the cliff. Once there is a strong wind on the mountain, stones and other things may be scraped off, causing danger.

4. Near the village: When the camp is near the village, if there is an emergency, especially when there is no firewood, vegetables and food, you can ask the villagers for help. Being close to the village is also a shortcut to facilitate the movement and transfer of the team.

5. Shade: If you need to stay in the camp for more than two days, when the weather is good, you should choose a shady place to camp, such as under a big tree and to the north of the mountain. It is best to bask in the sun, not the sunset. If you rest during the day, the tent will not be too hot and stuffy.

6. Animal prevention: When building a camp, carefully observe whether there are footprints, feces and nests of wild animals around the camp. Don't build them in places where snakes haunt, so as not to hurt people or damage equipment and facilities. There should be drugs and protective measures to repel mosquitoes, insects and scorpions.

Scattering some plant ash around the camp will be very effective in preventing the invasion of snakes, scorpions and poisonous insects. 7. Lightning protection: In rainy season or lightning-prone areas, the camp shall not be built on highlands, tall trees or isolated flat land.

It's easy to attract lightning strikes. 8. Camp construction: Once the camp is selected, it is necessary to build the camp.

Especially in the field campsites with a certain scale, the construction of the whole camp is particularly important, which is divided into the following steps: leveling the site: cleaning the selected tent area, removing things that are easy to pierce the tent, such as stones and shrubs, and filling the uneven places with soil or grass. Site zoning: A complete camp should be divided into tent camping area, fire prevention area, dining area, entertainment area, water area (toilet), health area and other areas.

The fire area should be downwind to prevent Mars from burning the tent. The dining area should use the nearby fire area to cook and eat.

The entertainment area should be downwind of the dining area to prevent activities from polluting tableware and other things. The sanitary area should also be downwind of the activity area.

The water area should be divided into two sections, the upper section is the drinking water area and the lower section is the domestic water area. Construction of tent camping area: If there are several tent camping areas, when arranging tents, it should be noted that the tent doors are all open in one direction and arranged side by side.

Keep a certain distance between tents. Build a dining area with fire: Dining is usually with fire. Cooking is best to dig and build a stove where there are mounds and stones. The firewood collected by everyone should be piled outside the area or upwind.

It's better to have a lawn in the dining area, and everyone should sit together. The "dining table" can be made of a large flat stone or placed on the ground. Establish a sanitary area: a sanitary area is a convenient place to urinate. If you just stay for one night and don't have to dig a toilet, you can designate a place convenient for men and women.

If you stay for more than two days, dig and build, and the temporary toilet will be built in a place with dense trees, without drawing curtains. Everyone should urinate in the built sanitary area, and should not be covered with mountains, but spoil the scenery.

Construction of entertainment area: As long as the entertainment area is smooth, everything that bumps and meets in the area should be cleaned up. Sometimes when you play some games, you should pull a fixed protective rope to avoid accidents. 9. Farmhouses and inns: Farmhouses and inns in some rural towns are quite interesting, especially in some remote small places. You light oil lamps and sleep on bamboo beds. The windows are made of paper and the floors are made of wood. When you walk on it, you will make a crunching sound.

Life has to experience all kinds of tastes. Living in a farmhouse is more interesting than living in a small shop. It is not only the most direct way to understand the countryside, but also an important way to experience rural life.

But be careful not to affect the normal life of farmers and take the initiative to do things. 10. Accommodation caves: Various caves can be seen all over Yunnan, such as dry caves, water caves and caves. Accommodation in caves is one of the most common ways to travel in the wild.

Cave accommodation is safe and convenient, and it is a good place for heating and shelter from the wind and rain. Pay attention to ventilation, water conditions and don't live too deep, and be careful of animal harassment.

1 1, outdoor camping: camping is an exercise and test of outdoor life and an experience closer to nature. In the weather without rain, strong wind, heavy snow and frost, you should try to camp out without any shelter such as tents.

Choose a flat ground under a big tree, spread plastic sheets and moisture-proof mats, and then put a sleeping bag. You can cover the sleeping bag with plastic sheets or hang a poncho on it. The main problem of sleeping is to prevent dew and mosquitoes from harming people. Therefore, you can cover the headgear of the sleeping bag with a layer of anti-mosquito gauze, and then set off fireworks overnight, which can reduce the first frost and dew. Another way to sleep is to use a hammock, which has the advantage of not being disturbed by animals on the ground (such as snakes and other reptiles). Very suitable for some wet areas. When using the hammock, you should also put a damp-proof pad under the sleeping bag and hang a poncho above it.

There is a hammock tent with a rainproof awning and mosquito screen, which is very suitable for camping in the jungle. 12. Finally, please note that in order to protect the natural environment in the wild, the fire must be completely extinguished when leaving the camp.

Garbage and waste should be taken out as far as possible and put in the designated place. Under special circumstances, when it is impossible to take it away, the garbage can be dug up and buried. The answer comes from the extreme outdoor network official website.