Literary problems about bridges!

1? Beam bridge: beam type, also known as beam-column type, is a single-span and multi-span bridge. A bridge column or pier is erected in the water and a beam is placed on it.

Pontoon bridge: A bridge with a boat or other floating body as the middle foot.

Suspension bridge: a bridge built on the moat in ancient times, and now it is a general term for suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge.

Arch bridge: a bridge with arch as the main load-bearing structure of the bridge body.

Overpass: a bridge built to ensure that traffic does not interfere with each other when lines (such as roads and railways) cross. Those crossing existing lines are also called overpass bridges, and those crossing underground are also called tunnels.

2? The artistic style of China ancient bridge is first manifested in the shape, such as the softness and changefulness of the curve; Secondly, the ancient bridge in China attaches great importance to the harmony with the environment, because the existence of the bridge increases the aesthetic feeling of the environment; Thirdly, the artistic style of the ancient bridge in China is also reflected in the attached buildings and stone carvings. Many ancient bridges have bridges, pavilions, pavilions, railings and archways.

Second, Qiao Hua.

1? Bridges and landscapes are beautiful, and bridges really complement each other in such a natural picture. Du Fu's poems, such as "willow trees are sparse on the city bridge, plum blossoms on the river road", and Bai Juyi's poems, such as "Sunny Hongqiao reflecting, autumn geese whispering", all describe the beautiful scenery composed of mountains, water and bridges.

2? Where there are mountains and water, there must be bridges, pavilions, bridges and flowing water, which set each other off and are indispensable. Ouyang Xiu's two poems, "Blooming bright and blue, Quzhu Bridge painting children's songs", are a portrayal of this.

3? Bridge and literary bridge are on the water and on the mountain, the more they fly over obstacles, the more they fly over diversity and the more they fly over people. This has always been an excellent theme in literature and art, such as the famous Maple Bridge in Suzhou. In poetry, in addition to Zhang Ji's poem "Sleeping at the Edge of Maple Bridge", there is also Du Mu's poem "The grass in Changzhou is rustling and the autumn rain crosses the Maple Bridge at dusk" and so on. In painting, the structure of "Hongqiao" in Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is very ingenious. In terms of drama, there are many "bridge plays" in Beijing Opera alone. The most famous ones are Changbanpo, Broken Bridge, Caoqiao Dream and so on. The story of "Queqiao" in myths and legends has a long history, and the story of Zhang riding a donkey backwards across the bridge is also known to all women and children.

4? The historical story of the bridge Qiantang River Bridge, built at 1937, is the first modern bridge designed and built by China people themselves. You may know it. But do you know that this bridge was opened to traffic on September 26th 1937, and it was blown up by us on February 23rd, and it didn't serve the Japanese invaders!

Third, all kinds of bridges in ancient and modern China and abroad

1? The oldest bridge in China.

The oldest existing open-shouldered stone arch bridge is Zhao Zhouqiao, Zhao County, Hebei Province. It was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the first year of Daye (595-605).

The earliest existing multi-arch stone bridge with span is baodai bridge, Suzhou, Jiangsu. Founded in the 11th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 16).

Suzhou baodai bridge →

The earliest existing bridge crossing is the fish pond flying beam in Jinci, Shanxi Province, which was built in the first year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 102).

The earliest movable switch stone bridge is Guangzhou Chaozhou Guangji Bridge. It was built in the 10th year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1435). Yangzhou Wu Ting Bridge

The only Wu Ting Bridge is located in Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu.

2? Overpass adds a modern flavor to the city. The earliest road overpasses built in Beijing include Baifu Bridge on Changping Road, Balizhuang Bridge on Landianchang Road and Chedaogou Bridge, all of which were built at 1966. 1974, Fuxingmen Bridge, the first overpass in the urban area, was completed.

Siyuan Bridge is located at the intersection of Capital Airport Expressway, Jingshun Road and Fourth Ring Road. It is a four-story fully interconnected large overpass with 26 large and small bridges with a total length of 2? 6 kilometers, it is the largest urban overpass in China. Yuting Bridge, located at the intersection of South Second Ring Road and Dongpu Road, is a three-story dragonfly overpass.

3? The construction cost of subsea tunnel is high and it takes a long time, so people choose more cross-sea bridges. At present, there are more than 30 large-scale sea-crossing bridges in the world. Bahrain-Saudi Arabia sea-crossing bridge is located in the Persian Gulf, with a total length of 25 kilometers, which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world today. Beijing Yuting Bridge

Xiamen cross-sea highway bridge

The Messina Bridge in Italy connects the mainland that looks like boots and Sicily that looks like football. The Bosphorus Strait Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, although it spans only1.560m, is an intercontinental bridge across Europe and Asia.

West Lake is a broken bridge, originally called Duanjia Bridge.

A long time ago, the white sand embankment of the West Lake meandered from the lonely mountain to here, and there was only a small wooden bridge with no name, which was closely connected with the shore of the lake. Visitors must pass this small wooden bridge to visit the lonely mountain. Due to the sun and rain, the wooden bridge often breaks, which brings great inconvenience to tourists.

There is a humble hut by the bridge, where a couple named Duan lived. Both of them are kind and hard-working. Men fish in the lake for a living, and women set up wine stalls at the door to sell local wine. Because the wine tastes bad, customers seldom come to the door and business is light.

One day, when the sun was setting and the couple were about to close the door, an old man with white hair and rags came, saying that he had come all the way and was penniless and asked to stay overnight. Seeing that he was old and poor, Duan Jia and his wife warmly asked him to stay. They also burned a carp just caught from the West Lake and played a bowl of locally brewed wine to entertain the elderly. You're welcome. The old man drank three bowls in a row and then fell asleep on the bed.

When the white-haired old man left the next morning, he said, "Thank you for your hospitality. I have three kinds of wine medicines here, which can help you make good wine. " Say, take out three red wine medicines and say goodbye.

Duan Jia and his wife put the old man's three kinds of wine medicines in a wine-making jar, and the wine brewed was bright red and extremely sweet. Since then, every day, customers are crowded, and Duan Jia scarlet wine is famous in Hang Cheng, and its business is booming day by day. Duan Jia and his wife tore down the hut and built a restaurant. In order to thank the white-haired old man, they saved a sum of money and prepared to thank him well.

Years passed, and three years passed. This winter, it was snowing heavily in the West Lake, and the white-haired old man braved the heavy snow to come to Duanjia Hotel. When the couple saw the benefactor coming, they were overjoyed and asked the old man to stay in his house for a long time. However, the old man will say goodbye the next day. When they left, Duan Jia and his wife took out 320 pieces of silver and gave it to the old man. The old man declined with a smile and said, "Thank you for your kindness. I am a lonely old man. What's the use of asking so much money? " You still use it in the most important place! "After that, he walked across the snow to the bridge. Duan Jia and his wife stood at the door to see each other off. They saw that the old man had just stepped onto the small wooden bridge, his foot slipped, the bridge broke and the old man fell into the lake. The couple rushed to the rescue, and suddenly saw the white-haired old man standing on the lake, walking on the ground, smiling and waving to them, drifting away.

Duan Jia and his wife realized that the white-haired old man was not a mortal. Remembering what the old man said when he left, he used the money to build a tall Qingshi arch bridge and a pavilion at the bridge head. Since then, people who visit the West Lake are no longer afraid of the road slipping and breaking the bridge.

People miss Duan Jia's kindness in building a bridge, so they call this bridge Duanjia Bridge. Later, because "Duan" and "Duan" are homophonic, it was called broken bridge.

First, the bridge knowledge

1? Beam bridge: beam type, also known as beam-column type, is a single-span and multi-span bridge. A bridge column or pier is erected in the water and a beam is placed on it.

Pontoon bridge: A bridge with a boat or other floating body as the middle foot.

Suspension bridge: a bridge built on the moat in ancient times, and now it is a general term for suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge.

Arch bridge: a bridge with arch as the main load-bearing structure of the bridge body.

Overpass: a bridge built to ensure that traffic does not interfere with each other when lines (such as roads and railways) cross. Those crossing existing lines are also called overpass bridges, and those crossing underground are also called tunnels.

2? The artistic style of China ancient bridge is first manifested in the shape, such as the softness and changefulness of the curve; Secondly, the ancient bridge in China attaches great importance to the harmony with the environment, because the existence of the bridge increases the aesthetic feeling of the environment; Thirdly, the artistic style of the ancient bridge in China is also reflected in the attached buildings and stone carvings. Many ancient bridges have bridges, pavilions, pavilions, railings and archways.

Second, Qiao Hua.

1? Bridges and landscapes are beautiful, and bridges really complement each other in such a natural picture. Du Fu's poems, such as "willow trees are sparse on the city bridge, plum blossoms on the river road", and Bai Juyi's poems, such as "Sunny Hongqiao reflecting, autumn geese whispering", all describe the beautiful scenery composed of mountains, water and bridges.

2? Where there are mountains and water, there must be bridges, pavilions, bridges and flowing water, which set each other off and are indispensable. Ouyang Xiu's two poems, "Blooming bright and blue, Quzhu Bridge painting children's songs", are a portrayal of this.

3? Bridge and literary bridge are on the water and on the mountain, the more they fly over obstacles, the more they fly over diversity and the more they fly over people. This has always been an excellent theme in literature and art, such as the famous Maple Bridge in Suzhou. In poetry, in addition to Zhang Ji's poem "Sleeping at the Edge of Maple Bridge", there is also Du Mu's poem "The grass in Changzhou is rustling and the autumn rain crosses the Maple Bridge at dusk" and so on. In painting, the structure of "Hongqiao" in Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is very ingenious. In terms of drama, there are many "bridge plays" in Beijing Opera alone. The most famous ones are Changbanpo, Broken Bridge, Caoqiao Dream and so on. The story of "Queqiao" in myths and legends has a long history, and the story of Zhang riding a donkey backwards across the bridge is also known to all women and children.

4? The historical story of the bridge Qiantang River Bridge, built at 1937, is the first modern bridge designed and built by China people themselves. You may know it. But do you know that this bridge was opened to traffic on September 26th 1937, and it was blown up by us on February 23rd, and it didn't serve the Japanese invaders!

Third, all kinds of bridges in ancient and modern China and abroad

1? The oldest bridge in China.

The oldest existing open-shouldered stone arch bridge is Zhao Zhouqiao, Zhao County, Hebei Province. It was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the first year of Daye (595-605).

The earliest existing multi-arch stone bridge with span is baodai bridge, Suzhou, Jiangsu. Founded in the 11th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 16).

Suzhou baodai bridge →

The earliest existing bridge crossing is the fish pond flying beam in Jinci, Shanxi Province, which was built in the first year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 102).

The earliest movable switch stone bridge is Guangzhou Chaozhou Guangji Bridge. It was built in the 10th year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1435). Yangzhou Wu Ting Bridge

The only Wu Ting Bridge is located in Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu.

2? Overpass adds a modern flavor to the city. The earliest road overpasses built in Beijing include Baifu Bridge on Changping Road, Balizhuang Bridge on Landianchang Road and Chedaogou Bridge, all of which were built at 1966. 1974, Fuxingmen Bridge, the first overpass in the urban area, was completed.

Siyuan Bridge is located at the intersection of Capital Airport Expressway, Jingshun Road and Fourth Ring Road. It is a four-story fully interconnected large overpass with 26 large and small bridges with a total length of 2? 6 kilometers, it is the largest urban overpass in China. Yuting Bridge, located at the intersection of South Second Ring Road and Dongpu Road, is a three-story dragonfly overpass.

3? The construction cost of subsea tunnel is high and it takes a long time, so people choose more cross-sea bridges. At present, there are more than 30 large-scale sea-crossing bridges in the world. Bahrain-Saudi Arabia sea-crossing bridge is located in the Persian Gulf, with a total length of 25 kilometers, which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world today. Beijing Yuting Bridge

Xiamen cross-sea highway bridge

The Messina Bridge in Italy connects the mainland that looks like boots and Sicily that looks like football. The Bosphorus Strait Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, although it spans only1.560m, is an intercontinental bridge across Europe and Asia.

B Everything is famous, and some have proper names, just like people have names. Since it is a name, you must type it well. Influenced by the West, the modern bridges in China are always named from the geographical point of view. As long as you can point out its location and let people know at a glance, that's all. On railways and highways, mileage signs are even used as names, just like the "345,678 km bridge" on a certain road, which is really unshakable. However, the name of the ancient bridge in China is not like this. There is always some literary flavor that people can't help but feel and never forget. Or chronicle lyrical, causing deep thought and reverie; It's still poetic and refreshing. In this way, through careful inscription, the history, function or influence of a bridge will be immediately displayed, so it is easy to spread. The value of this bridge has also been raised. When a bridge is famous, its name will also increase. In addition to its proper name, there are common names, aliases and so on. Just like people's names, there are nicknames, fine print and so on besides scientific names. Some are gradually formed in folk nature, and some are scholars, so I want to write my own name. In a word, the achievement of bridge building should be named as a kind of ethos, which is also a feature of China ancient culture.

There are not many words in the title of the bridge, just like a person's name, usually two words, sometimes only one word. Only these two characters can show the characteristics of the bridge, which is the wonderful use of Chinese characters. This is because there are many allusions in China history and rich idioms in literature. The wealth of literature and history adds a lot to the name of this bridge. But there are many bridges, and the allusions and idioms about them also serve literature and history in turn. For example, the word "faithfulness" in Historical Records comes from the allusion of bridge, and the word "long bridge lies in waves" in Epanggong Fu comes from the idiom of bridge. If the name of the bridge is well written, it will contribute to literature and history. The name of the bridge is very important.

Now let's introduce some bridge names, so as to get a glimpse of the richness of Chinese bridge literature, which may be unparalleled in the world. Let's start with a single name. The famous ones are: "Blue Bridge", which is located on Lanxi in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. "It is said that there is a fairy cave in the land, that is, Tang Peihang meets Yunying"; "Qiao Feng" is in Suzhou, and Tang Zhangji has a poem "Sleeping by the Maple Bridge"; "Broken Bridge" is in West Lake, Hangzhou. Hu wrote the poem "Wild Moss on a Broken Bridge" and Zhong wrote the word "Broken Snow on a Broken Bridge". But the bridge with a single name is often a generic name, but it may be a proper name. Some are named after materials, such as "stone bridge". Emperor Wen of Liang Jian has a poem "Stone Bridge": "Writing a rainbow makes people want to drink, and the stars are like real people"; "Iron Bridge", in the Ming Dynasty, Wu Zhaoyuan had the poem "Crossing the Iron Bridge": "The boat and raft are horizontal, and the gold rope opens eight roads"; "Bamboo Bridge", Du Fu has poems such as "Viewing and Building Bamboo Bridge". Some indicate the location of the bridge, such as "mountain bridge", and there is a poem by Emperor Liang Jianwen: "Lying on a stone vine as a rope, a mountain bridge tree as a beam"; "Jiangqiao", Tang Du Fu's poem: "The mountain county closes early, and the river bridge gathers in the spring"; "Wild Bridge", Liu Tang Changqing's poem: "Wild Bridge is cut off by rain, and streams divide fields". Some indicate the shape of the bridge, such as "square bridge", and Tang Hanyu's poem: "You have to ask the square bridge, and the square bridge does this"; "Oblique Bridge", written by Ouyang Xiu, a poet of the Song Dynasty: "The waves are bright and colorful, and the curved bamboo oblique bridge is well painted"; "Painting Bridge", Fan Song: "Painting Bridge hangs in the sun according to the contract, reflecting the sunset with a touch of red"; Zhu Qiao, a poem by Zheng Gushi in Tang Dynasty: "Zhu Qiao goes straight to Jinmen Road, and the pink jade is in the clouds"; There are "flyovers" in Baodezhou, Shanxi and Dali, Yunnan, and the "Xialian" in Dali crosses Liang Shi. Two rocks splash water, just like plum blossoms, which people call "not thanking the plum blossoms". Some are related to the scenery beside the bridge, such as "Huaqiao", which is found in Ningde County, Fujian Province, Changyang County, Hubei Province, Guilin, Guangxi and other places. Guilin is known as "Huaqiao misty rain". " Liuqiao, West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhou Bangyan's words in Song Dynasty: "A rising tide lifts a boat, a fish swats at Liuqiao" and so on. Some of them are special, such as the "grass bridge" outside Beijing's You 'anmen. Xiqiao is located in Dongping County, Shandong Province. "It is said that Mount Tai is sealed in the east, and the car is driving on the road, so it is paved"; "Guaqiao", Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province, "Zhong Sun, a world-famous legend, planted melons on this bridge"; "Duck Bridge" is in Shancheng, Shaanxi. "Golden Bridge" was taken from Shanxi, and Tang Panyan wrote "Golden Bridge Fu". There are even more grotesque things, such as the "hidden bridge". In Jianping county, Anhui province, "the old Taoist priest ran to Wu, hid in the deep mountains, and the people who chased him here were covered with clouds, and it was dark when he reached the bridge"; Ghost Bridge, Beginner's Notes, There is a Ghost Bridge on it; "Red Bridge", on the Jinshui River North Canal in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, "Song Taizong chisels Wolong Mountain, with rivers of blood, which is more famous today".

It is the most common and standard to use two words for bridge names. There are many bridges with single names and many bridges with duplicate names. Try to think that every bridge is famous. How many bridge names should our ancient big country have? However, among these thousands of single names and double names, there are not many repetitions. It would be spectacular if all the bridge names were collected and compiled into a Catalogue of Bridges in China.

Now, let's give a few examples with the same name to illustrate the richness of bridge names. According to the content, a "bridge catalogue" can be divided into five chapters.

The first chapter is "praise". The first is to praise the function of the bridge, such as "Anji Bridge", that is, "Zhao Zhouqiao". On the South River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, a "Dashiqiao" is strangely made, "the trace of Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty"; Wan 'an Bridge, or Luoyang Bridge, is used to cross the sea in Quanzhou, Fujian. "Easy to get on the boat and safe, people are not good. "Crossing the bridge" in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province has become "the people of the north and the south warmly celebrate the crossing of the bridge, causing destruction and violence. "Anping Bridge was built in Jinjiang, Fujian Province in the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty, with a total length of 2,070 meters. Its common name is "Wuli Bridge", which is an ancient legend that there is no bridge in the world. Secondly, people who build bridges are praised, such as the "Ji Ma Bridge", which was built by women handed down from generation to generation in Xiaogan County, Hubei Province. " Husband-wife Bridge, namely Zhusuo Bridge in guanxian, Sichuan, was built by He Xiande in Qing Dynasty, but his wife continued to build it. ""Gejing Bridge "was built by Ge Jing in Pingyue, Guizhou Province, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It took a lot of money to build it for three times, and it was known that it had run out of money. "

The second chapter is "Chronicle", which records the stories handed down from the bridge. For example, Wan Li Bridge is located outside the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan. "Yesterday, Kong Ming hired Wu here, saying that his trip to Wan Li began here." There are Wan Li Bridge Poems in the Six Arms of Tang Dynasty, Wan Li Bridge Poems in a generous way, Du Fu's poems: "Wan Li Qiaoxifu, Baihuatan Beizhuang", and Tang Zhangji's poems: "There are many restaurants near Wan Li Bridge, and tourists like to stay"; Su Shi's poem in the Song Dynasty: "Looking for Wan Li Bridge, the leaves are rustling at dusk", and Lu You's poem in the Song Dynasty: "Carving an saddle to send a pair of Liugang, watching the silver candle on Wan Li Bridge". Maqiao, or Shengxian Bridge, is located in the north of Chengdu, Sichuan. Sima Xiangru of the Western Han Dynasty was unwilling to be poor and determined to be an official. "A gentleman will never cross the bridge without a carriage again." Tang Censhen wrote the poem "Dengxian Bridge": "He came back from the bridge in a carriage." Song Jingtang wrote the cloud "Ma Qiao Ji": "I will build a bridge to build a horse." Lanting Bridge is located in the restoration site of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in Wang Youjun, Shaanxi Province. There are fine stones and shallow wrasse under the bridge, and the sound of water is endless day and night. "Washing Ear Bridge", a native of Ruzhou, Henan Province, is said that Yao, after listening to it, wanted to give the world to someone who thinks he is lofty and thinks he has polluted his ears. This bridge is located in "the place where Xu You washes his ears" and "Hudu Bridge", also known as Jiangdong Bridge. It is located in the first bridge in the south of the Yangtze River in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. In the past, I wanted to build a bridge, but a tiger's son crossed the river and stayed in the middle stream ... because it was a bridge. " Night Market Bridge is located in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, which is called Xiaoshi Bridge. According to legend, the night market was opened here during the reign of Yang Di.

The third chapter is "lyric", which expresses thoughts and feelings through the name of the bridge. For example, the "ecstasy bridge", that is, the "Baqiao Bridge", in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, "the people of the Eastern Han Dynasty saw off guests at this bridge and folded willows to bid farewell" because "it is also called ecstasy bridge in other sentences of Jiang Yan." Wang Tangzhi's poem: "Willow is the east wind tree, and green is the royal river. I have been climbing hard recently, and it should be separated. " Ming Ge Yi Long wrote: "The flying flower bridge on the bridge is launched, and the heartbroken person is the bridge bearer." "Homesickness Bridge" is very rich in Hebei Province. "Song Huizong Beiyuan bridge, stay in Gu Si. Suddenly, I said, it's as safe for me to go to the desert as this water ... people call it "homesickness bridge" Xi Zhi Bridge is located in Guang 'an, Sichuan. "Ouyang Xiu entered Shu from Wu, and now Lu is in danger." Jianyang, Sichuan, the Tang poem "Bridge of Love" is in an orderly way: "An Yang saw off the bridge of love, asked him why, and said," Send him to the welcoming place. " "Ungrateful Bridge", in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, "Selecting officials in junior high schools, entering Donghuamen. There is a bridge inside the door, called Huanggen Bridge ... It is said that the officials in China are rich and expensive, and they will hate and shame. "

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However, not all ancient bridges in China have proper nouns. Some of them didn't have names at first, and then someone casually called them, and gradually they got names, such as bridges, small bridges, new bridges, old bridges, long bridges, short bridges, south bridges and north bridges. These "common names" have become "corrected names" after a long time. For example, the small bridge in Fuzhou was named after the bridge near Wanshou Bridge, so it became a proper name. Some "bridges" are famous, but there are no such bridges. For example, "Chen Qiao" is actually "Chen Qiaoyi" and "Yellow Robe" in Kaifeng, Henan Province, and "Tang held a post in Shangyuan and set fire to Li Keyong", but more bridges are silently serving there, and their names have long been forgotten. It can be seen that both the bridge and the bridge name are fortunate and unfortunate, some are famous without bridges, and some are nameless without surnames. However, although unknown, it is not a "hero"!

"Meng Po Tang" is an ancient legend in China, which was recorded in an ancient book of Zilan family. In that legend, people repeat it from generation to generation. The end of this life is only the beginning of the next life. People who have experienced life again and again can't have memories of past lives, just because everyone drinks Meng Po Tang on Naihe Bridge before being reborn. Therefore, walking on the Naihe Bridge is the last time a person has memories of this life. At this moment, many people still cling to the unfinished wishes of their previous lives, but they deeply understand that these wishes will eventually be impossible to realize, so they sigh. This is also the reason why this bridge connecting generations is named Naihe Bridge.

The origin of Naihe Bridge:

Bridges can connect gods, immortals, heaven, ghosts, hades and hell. From the perspective of folk culture, bridges and their symbolic meanings are used by people to establish contact or form a transition and intermediary between people and ghosts, life and death.

Compared with myths and fairy tales, there is another unique ghost story in China folk word-of-mouth literature. Although we often use "nonsense" to describe someone's absurdity or lack of credibility, it is no accident that "bridge" appears repeatedly in folk "nonsense". In our opinion, this is not absurd. In Chinese folk beliefs, "ghost" is a negative supernatural existence caused by death. In many stories circulating around China, ghosts often haunt bridges, especially those of drowning people.

The ghosts of the dead who died in the water or fell off the bridge are always looking for their own body body double, so that they can be reincarnated. In this sense, the bridge is not only the place where the ghost of the dead leaves the underworld to be reincarnated into the afterlife, but also the place where new dead people constantly appear and disappear from the world. The alternation and transformation of life and death is realized through bridges. In Japan, there is also a saying that ghosts or resentful spirits who wronged the dead wander on the bridge, and often tilt the bridge slab to make people fall into the water when invited by the bridge.

Some kind-hearted water ghosts who can't bear to drag people into body double, although they can't be reincarnated immediately in nonsense, can often get promoted in hades, or they can always touch hades in the end, and even get permission from hades to be reincarnated.

There is a story called Lu Atang, which tells that there is a Lujia Bridge on the Li Anqi River in Baoshan, with Lujia Building in the south and Tangjialou in the north. The two surnames * * * benefited from this bridge, so the two sides agreed to build it in turn every March. One year, when Lujia was repairing a bridge, unfortunately, a man fell into the water and became a water ghost. In March of the following year, the water ghost dragged the Tang family to build a bridge, fell into the water as body double, and was reborn back to death. Since then, when the bridge was repaired in March every year, people always fell into the water and died. People were afraid to repair it, which led to the destruction of the bridge. Later, a man named Lu Atang, whose wife adopted him from the Tang family, volunteered to be a scapegoat, so that everyone could rest assured to build the bridge. After Lu Atang became a water ghost, he not only couldn't bear to drag others into the water, but also blessed the bridge repairman under the bridge. So people from Lu and surnamed tang proposed a toast to him. Later, everyone who passed the bridge had to hand over at the bridgehead before crossing it to show their respect for Lu Atang. When the bridge is built once a year in March, the incense offered to Lu Atang is more abundant, which finally alarmed the "land" of Lu Tangjia.

After the earth god told the jade emperor, the jade emperor named Lu Atang as the bridge god of the continental bridge and gave him a ghost stick. Since then, Lujiaqiao has been safer, and even people who fell into the water will not be drowned, because after being named the bridge god, Lu Atang devoted himself to removing pesticides for the people. Sometimes, people will be driven away by ghosts, but as long as they run to the bridge, they will be protected by the bridge god Lu Atang.

From this story, we can not only see the connection between life and death, but also the connection between the jade emperor and Yan emperor, the connection between the "human column" and the bridge god, and the connection between the two surnames.

Interestingly, there are also some stories about bridges. There are often stories about female ghosts giving birth in the underworld and begging for food for babies on the bridge or at the bridge head. One of the stories said that the baby was named Bridge and later won the first prize. In addition, there is even a story that Yan ordered Yin Cai, a confidant assistant, to control water ghosts and ordered him to build a pontoon bridge for the people to make amends.

Naiheqiao's folk beliefs have a long history in China. Zhang Du's Xuanshizhi in the Tang Dynasty mentioned that Naihai came from the underworld. There has always been an idea in ancient China that there is a river between the underworld and the dead, and the dead must bridge it. Duan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, mentioned the ghost road in Youyang Miscellanies, saying, "... there is water flowing east and west, ... a bridge decorated with gold and jade, crossing the bridge to the north and entering the city, ... suspected to be a ghost companion." China's traditional concept of hell later coincided with Buddhism's concepts of hell, death and reincarnation in the afterlife, thus gradually forming Naiheqiao's folk beliefs. Around the Southern Song Dynasty, folk legends of the underworld gradually determined that the ghost of the underworld was located in Fengdu County, Sichuan Province. Since then, buildings have been built in Fengdu Ghost House, including the Yin-Yang boundary and Naihe Bridge, which people often say. Naihe Bridge in Fengdu Ghost House is probably the most famous bridge in China.

According to the Anthropologist Wei Huilin 1935' s Survey of Religious Customs in Fengdu, there is a stone arch bridge called Naihe Bridge in front of the hall in Fengdu Ghost House, and the next stone pool under the bridge is the blood pool. Naihe Bridge, the East is the Dizang King Hall, and the West is the Blood River General Hall. It is said that the helpless river is the first level for ghosts to cross. In order to attach this "ghost story", Chunzhu, the king of Shu in the Ming Dynasty, built three multi-arch stone bridges in Pingdu Mountain, Fengdu, and called them Naihe Bridge. It is said that in the old society, pilgrims had to burn incense and paper before crossing the Naihe Bridge here and pray for God's blessing. Moreover, monks in the temple often deliberately paint tung oil on the bridge deck of Qingshiqiao, so that people crossing the bridge often slip and frighten to death to get more incense money.

Regarding Naihe Bridge in Fengdu, Sichuan, there are two bridges:

If you practice virtue, it is easy to cross the bridge.

Greed and sin, sharp knife mountain can not escape.

Cross the Naihe Bridge in three steps and know good and evil.

Go through the gold and silver road in one breath and bless you to get rich.

In the literary description of ghost house and Fengdu, besides Meng Bi's Jin Ping Mei, another story about Wang Shizhen, a famous person in Ming Dynasty, said that Wang Po, a tea kiosk in Yin House, only made tea for those who crossed the bridge in the ghost town, but not for those who crossed the bridge into the ghost town. Wang Shizhen came to the bridge, but he saw seven colors of spray under the bridge, which was unpredictable. He thinks this may be a disaster of desire. Wang Po boiled tea under the bridge and let the reborn ghost eat it, which would make him lose his passion and conscience. ... the "bridge" in this nonsense, or put it another way

China has many different stories about Naihe Bridge. Or there is a Naihe River in the underworld, and a bridge on the river is the Naihe Bridge; Or there is a "blood pool", "blood pool" or "blood pool" on the way to the underworld, and there is a bridge on the pool called Naihe Bridge. According to ancient archaeological records of Shandong, people even called the attached part of the bridge a real river near Taian, Shandong.

Fangshengqiao

In the fifth year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 157 1), it was built by monks. The monk sex tide once stipulated that only five turtles were allowed to be released under the bridge, and fishing with nets was not allowed, hence the name "Free Bridge".

Sospiri bridge

This closed bridge connecting the court in the Governor's Mansion and the stone gate of the prison is separated by a river, which is the only place where convicted people can see the blue sky and blue sea before entering the prison. Therefore, when the criminal was escorted here from the court and saw the outside world through the small window, he could not help sighing. This is the origin of the name of this bridge.

Bridge truncation

Sunrise reflects the melting of snow in the sunny part of the broken bridge, revealing a trace on the brown bridge deck, as if a long white chain was broken in it, so it is called broken bridge.