What is the grafting technique for growing apples in greenhouses? What's the role?

Today, let's talk about apple seedling grafting. Grafting of apple seedlings is an important technique in apple cultivation. Will affect the growth of branches and leaves. If the grafting is not good, it will lead to poor growth of branches and leaves, which will lead to the decline of final yield and fruit quality. Therefore, seedling grafting is a very important work. Let's talk about it now. I hope everyone will like it!

Commonly used grafting methods mainly include bud grafting and branch grafting. In recent years, there have also been experiments and applications of rapid seedling raising methods such as wood budding.

1. bud grafting, the method of "one horizontal point" is commonly used at present. This method has the advantages of quick operation and high survival rate. When budding, put the scion into a bucket filled with clear water and carry it with you. In general, the plump bud in the middle of the grafting bed should be selected as the grafting bud to improve the survival rate and help the healthy development of the grafted plants. When cutting the bud, hold the bud tightly with your left hand and hold the knife with your index finger against the lower part of the bud. First, cut a knife horizontally about 4 mm above the bud until it reaches the xylem, and then cut a knife obliquely upward about 1/3 ~ 1 cm below the bud until it reaches the horizontal cut on the grass.

After taking off the bud piece, it should be put in your mouth quickly and kept moist. Finally, tie the grafting place tightly with plastic film tape or Juncus Juncus. To tie the bud, you should first tie it from the knife edge below the petiole, then bypass the knife edge above the bud and tie it tightly with a slipknot. But be careful not to tie it directly to the bud, so as not to reduce the grafting rate by cooking. When grafting, if it is difficult to peel off the cortex of the rootstock due to atmospheric drought, water it once 2 ~ 3 days before grafting to promote cambium activity, so as to cut off the rootstock and peel off the cortex. If it is too dry after grafting, it should also be watered in time to promote the movement of cambium, so as to facilitate the healing and survival of rootstocks and buds. After grafting 10 days or so, the survival situation should be checked in time.

2. Grafting is an effective way to use rootstocks and spikes economically and speed up seedling raising. The commonly used grafting methods in Yantai are split grafting (soil grafting) and root-branch grafting. Split, mostly in the vernal equinox (next March) to Qingming (early April). Roots and branches grafting and the whole winter dormancy period can be carried out indoors.

(1) Grafted rootstocks can be used for direct seeding in ditches or rootstocks left in the border after seedling transplanting. Scions should choose branches thinner than rootstocks or as thick as rootstocks. When splitting the scion, cut the scion into 8 ~ 10 cm long branches with 2 ~ 3 complete buds, and cut the lower end into 2.5 cm-shaped sections on opposite sides. When splitting indoors, cover it with wet sand after grafting to promote interface healing. It can be planted in the field from late March to early April. Outdoor in-situ grafting, moist fine soil should be cultivated after grafting, and the mound should be about 1 cm higher than the top of the scion. After stacking, it should be cultured a little to keep the male inside moist.

(2) Roots and branches grafting: This method has the advantages of simple operation, long grafting time and full utilization of rootstock resources. Grafting can be carried out from February 65438 to early April of the following year. However, due to the low interface of seedlings, they are mostly covered with soil, which is easy to be infected with root cancer. Rootstock for root and branch grafting can be rootstock seedlings with insufficient stem thickness for bud grafting. After the seedlings leave the nursery, the rootstock stubble roots left in the nursery can also be used for root-branch grafting. Adult apple trees have poor root viability and low grafting survival rate, so they are not suitable for root-branch grafting materials. The method of root-branch grafting is basically the same as grafting.

However, when rootstock residue is used as grafting material, it should be soaked and disinfected with 3% lime water before grafting, dried and cut into 6 ~ 8 cm long root segments for later use. When the rootstock residual root is thinner than the scion, the rootstock root can be inserted into the notch at the lower end of the purlin for "reverse connection". When the rootstocks are too thin, two rootstocks can be inserted into each scion. After connection, the joints should be wrapped with thin yellow clay balls to increase the clamping force between anvil, promote the healing of incision and improve the survival rate. Grafted seedlings can be stored in sand in indoor or outdoor storage ditches. The upper part of the seedling pile and its surrounding area should be covered with wet fine sand to maintain proper humidity.

Be careful not to freeze-dry during storage, so as not to reduce the survival rate. From late March to early April of the following year, it can be transplanted into seedlings for planting. When planting a nursery where roots and branches are combined with seedlings, it should be thoroughly planed first, and then foot fertilizer should be applied. Base fertilizer should be fully decomposed to prevent seedlings from rotting. After the nursery is completed, planting ditches shall be opened at the row spacing of 0 cm, and the depth of ditches depends on the length of rhizomes. Then pour enough water into the ditch and plant grafting according to the spacing of 15 cm. Generally, the depth of planting seedlings should be flush with the ground. If planted too deep, the seedlings at the interface are easy to rot and die. After the seedlings are planted, the furrows should be formed by supporting the soil along the line, and the height of the furrows should be above the top of the seedlings 1 cm.

Today we stop here, the grafting method of apple seedlings. Now that we have a preliminary understanding of the grafting method of apple seedlings, we can graft them better. If the grafting is good, the yield will increase! If you don't understand anything, please comment in the message area!