How did the Battle of Sancho break out?

How did the Battle of Sancho break out? What impact does it have on history?

The Battle of Sancho took place in the forty-sixth year of King Zhou Xian (323 BC). This campaign was the first confrontation with Qi since Shang Yang entered Qin. Qin intended to use the power of defeating Wei and relieving Chu to expand the results, and attacked Qi through the way of Han and Wei to defeat Qi. As a result, it was defeated by Qi, so Qin sent envoys to make amends to Qi as "ministers of the West Francisco".

Battle year

Jiao Xun and Yang Kuan thought that the campaign should be held in the last year, Qian Mu thought it should be held in the third year of Qin (the first 335 years), Yu Yuan thought it should be held in the thirty-fifth year (the first 334 years) and the thirty-fourth year of Qi Weiwang (the first 323 years).

background

In the 28th year of Zhou Xian (before 34 1 year), Qi defeated Wei in the Battle of Maling, and Qi rose. The following year (the first 340 years), Chyi Chin Zhao attacked Wei from the east, west and north, and Chyi Chin was on the same front, making * * an enemy of Wei. At this time, relations between the two countries are still friendly.

In the forty-fourth year of Zhou Xianwang (325 BC), after Qin became king, he decided to March into the Central Plains. The following year (324 BC), Zhang Yi was appointed to capture Shaanxi and Wei (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province). The following year (323 years ago), Xi Shou and Gongsun Yan of Wei initiated Wei Zhaoyan and Han Zhongshan as "the king of the five countries", which caused dissatisfaction among Qi and Chu. Qi intended to cede land to Zhao and Yan, and put pressure on them to take Zhongshan, a small country, to cancel the title of monarch, but it failed. Chu sent troops to defeat Wei in Xiangling (now Sui County, Henan Province) and captured eight cities of Wei. At this time, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, Zhang Yizheng, is planning to "cut Qi and Jing (Chu) with the power of Qin, Han and Wei" and present a plan to King Hui of Qin. He believes that "to attack Wei with Chu, Wei will go to Chu when frustrated, and South Korea is Wei's friend, so Qin will be isolated. Might as well send troops to confuse him. In the battle of Wei and Chu, Qin can get away from Hexi. " So King Hui of Qin, in turn, promised Wei to fight back against the invading Chu army in order to obtain land outside the Xihe River of Wei.

Qin defeated Wei's forces and helped Wei resolve the continuous invasion of the Chu army, so he wanted to take advantage of the situation to expand the results. At this time, Zhao Yang, the general of Chu, was preparing to attack Qi, who was fighting alone because of his bad relations with Wei and Zhao. Seeing this opportunity, Qin pretended to attack Qi together with Han and Wei in an attempt to defeat Qi's forces.

Activity progress

In the forty-sixth year of King Xian of Zhou (323 BC), the State of Qin launched a military action against the State of Qi through Wei Han. At first, they crossed the three kingdoms of Korea, Wei and Wei, pretended to attack the avenue on the left bank of Konosawa (now Caoxian County, Shandong Province), and suddenly went from the south to the southwest town of Qi (now rencheng district South, Jining City, Shandong Province). The road here is dangerous, and Qin Jun came up with a surprise. From here, he bypassed the right soil and went straight to Nanyang. At this time, Qi Weiwang appointed puffed up as a general and led the troops to fight. At this time, puffed up his father was dead. Qi Weiwang had chartered him to bury his mother after the victory of the battle, but puffed up refused, because he "didn't teach his father, but buried his mother more", which made Qi Weiwang have a deeper understanding of puffed up.

Qin Jun went to Sancho (now Yanzhou City, Shandong Province) on the Qilu border, where he met the main force of the Qi Army and Chyi Chin Army. The general ordered: "Anyone who dares to firewood within fifty paces of Liu's grave will be sentenced to death and will never be forgiven." At the same time, in order to boost morale, a reward was ordered for "Who can get the head of the King of Qi, seal Wan Huhou and reward 22,000 gold".

Because we are alone, we must take care of the rear, so as to avoid the conspiracy between Korea and Wei. Therefore, Qin Jun just bluffed and threatened to send troops to Qi, but in fact he was slow to attack. Puffed up and made full use of Qin Jun's ambivalence that he couldn't get in and out. On the eve of the war, he asked the envoys of both sides to communicate many times. Puffed up the opportunity to change the flag of a part of the Qi army, mixed in, and waited to cooperate with the main force of the Qi army to break the enemy. The spy sent by Qi Weiwang to the front did not understand the intention of puffed up and quietly reported to Qi Weiwang: "Ask the Qi army to join Qin Jun." Qi Weiwang turned a deaf ear to this. Soon, another spy who came back from the front reported to Qi Weiwang: "Zhang Kuang asked the Qi army to surrender to Qin Jun." Qi Weiwang still ignored it. Repeat many times. When the ministers saw this, they asked, "The spies who said that they would not surrender Qin were different people, but their words were the same. Why didn't your majesty send his troops to attack it? " Qi Weiwang confidently replied, "This is obviously not an act of betraying me. Why should we punish him! " Soon after, puffed up tactics achieved great success. Both inside and outside Qin Jun were attacked by the Qi army and the puffed-up army, and Qin Jun, whose fighting spirit was not firm, was on the verge of collapse. Qi learned the good news of Qi's victory at the front from North Korea. The minister was surprised and asked Qi Weiwang why he had such foresight. Qi Weiwang told them that from the daily performance of puffed up, he firmly believed that he was "a son who didn't bully his father to death, but a minister who bullied his life?" Although news came from the front three times that they might surrender to Qin, they didn't believe it. He insisted on letting Zhang Kuang command the battle, and finally saved the victory of the anti-Qin war.

When Qin learned of the defeat at the front, he quickly sent Chen as an envoy to Qi as "Minister Xifan" to apologize.

follow-up action

After Qin failed to attack Qi, in order to prevent Qi, Chu and Wei from jointly attacking Qin, Qiu Chen was sent to make peace with Qi, intending to join the Union. Although the State of Qi defeated the State of Qin, it did not dare to confront the State of Chu at this time, thus avoiding the situation that Qin Chu joined forces to attack the State of Qi. At this time, Tian Ji was still in Chu, and he was even more worried about it. He entrusted Chen to send an envoy to Chu to persuade General Zhaoyang of Chu not to attack Qi, so as to save Qi from danger, and proposed an alliance with Chu. Zhao Yang, the general of Chu, was afraid that Qin, Qi and Wei would jointly attack Chu, so he accepted Chen's lobbying. The State of Qin sent Zhang Yi and Minister Qi Chu to join the alliance in Sang Mu (now southwest of Pei County, Jiangsu Province). Tian Ying also sealed Xue in the following year (the first 322 years) because of his victory. Two years later (320 years ago), in order to achieve "marriage", Qi sent envoys to Qin to "marry women". After that, there was no more than 20 years between Chyi Chin, until the Qi, Wei and Han allied forces conquered the State of Qin in the seventeenth year (the first 298 years).

After the meeting of Sang, Zhang Yi was in danger of losing the status of Qin. In order to resolve this political crisis, he took the initiative to avoid Qin's position on the grounds that he wanted Wei to serve Qin first and the vassal was effective, and relied on Qin's greatness to enter Wei as a vassal and seek benefits for Qin with Wei's position as prime minister, thus consolidating the implementation of Lian Heng's strategy. In the same year, Gongsun Yan, a general of Wei State, joined Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Zhongshan as the "kings of the five countries" with the intention of "uniting the weak to attack the strong". His original intention was to unite the whole country, unite against Qin, and save the decline of Wei with the help of allies. In the forty years after this war, "the situation of Lian Heng's struggle in the Warring States Period has not been opened".