What is the best way to treat hypertension?

The so-called blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure generated when blood flows in blood vessels. It is a disease characterized by high arterial pressure, which is expressed by the value measured by sphygmomanometer on brachial artery, and the unit is mmHg or kPa, which is blood pressure. Usually, blood pressure includes systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure of blood on the blood vessel wall when the heart contracts; Diastolic pressure refers to the lateral pressure on the blood vessel wall when the heart relaxes. When the doctor records blood pressure, if it is 120/80mmHg, then 120/80mmHg is systolic pressure and 80mmHg is diastolic pressure. "kPa" (kPa) is expressed in international units, and the conversion method is: 1mmHg = =0. 133kPa (kPa), so120/80mHg is equivalent to16//kloc-0.

At present, the treatment of hypertension is mainly symptomatic treatment, that is, controlling blood pressure and reducing organ damage caused by hypertension. If a person is diagnosed with hypertension, he must persist in treatment for life, control blood pressure and avoid serious complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Generally speaking, people who use two or more antihypertensive drugs for a long time can lower their blood pressure to one drug under the guidance of a doctor. If their blood pressure can remain normal, they can try to lower it slowly. If patients with hypertension reduce or stop taking medicine, it is best to do it under the guidance of an experienced doctor, and never stop taking medicine by yourself.

A considerable number of hypertensive patients are elderly people. Besides hypertension, they often suffer from other chronic diseases at the same time. Besides taking antihypertensive drugs, they have to take other drugs. In this way, it will inevitably involve the problem of rational drug use. So, have you ever thought about the interaction between various drugs? Does this interaction have any effect on the body? Which drugs are safer to take at the same time? The interactions between several commonly used drugs are briefly described as follows:

The most common situation is that some patients with hypertension have left ventricular hypertrophy or even cardiac function damage over time, and eventually lead to heart failure because they are not found in time or pay attention to treatment or irregular medication. In order to control heart failure, digitalis cardiotonic drugs and antihypertensive drugs are often taken. In the long-term clinical work, medical workers found some calcium antagonists, such as nifedipine, nitrendipine, verapamil, diltiazem and so on. It can increase the concentration of digitalis drugs in blood and may cause digitalis poisoning. Especially for patients with impaired renal function, the interaction between nitrendipine and digitalis will also affect the antihypertensive effect of the former.

In addition, some calcium antagonists combined with β -blockers can cause obvious hypotension. Diltiazem combined with β -blockers may have adverse effects on heart rate, atrioventricular conduction and left ventricular function. Verapamil combined with quinidine, an antiarrhythmic drug, not only causes hypotension, but also increases the blood concentration of quinidine, resulting in adverse consequences. Therefore, patients with hypertension must pay attention.

In addition, the combination of these calcium antagonists with cimetidine, a drug for the treatment of gastric diseases, will also have adverse interactions with the human body, so patients with gastric diseases should pay attention.

In order to avoid the adverse interaction between various drugs, patients with hypertension should choose drugs reasonably under the guidance of doctors.

Senile hypertension should be treated with caution, and the following points should be noted: (1) Senile hypertensive patients are often accompanied by diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so these risk factors should be detected before treatment and treated reasonably. (2) Because the elderly are sensitive to the action of drugs, the metabolism of drugs in the body is slow, and the dosage of drugs used by the elderly is small. Zhenju Jiangya Tablet is a compound preparation of Chinese and western medicine, which has the characteristics of stable blood pressure reduction and no obvious side effects after long-term administration, and is especially suitable for elderly patients with hypertension. (3) Elderly patients should try to avoid using antihypertensive drugs that inhibit the central nervous system, such as reserpine and clonine. (4) The treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly should be proper salt restriction and weight loss. (5) The elderly are prone to orthostatic hypotension due to their physiological characteristics. Therefore, drugs that can cause orthostatic hypotension, such as guanethidine and methyldopa, should be avoided.

For elderly systolic hypertension patients with mild or moderate elevation, Zhenju Jiangya Tablet and other antihypertensive drugs with mild effect and little side effects should be taken.

Studies on Lentinus edodes confirmed that Lentinus edodes can reduce blood cholesterol, prevent arteriosclerosis and vascular degeneration, and is an ideal food for preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Milk contains hydroxyl and methylglutaric acid, which can inhibit the activity of cholesterol synthase in human body, thus inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol. In addition, milk contains more calcium, which can also reduce the body's absorption of cholesterol.

Ginger Ginger contains an organic compound similar to salicylic acid. The diluent of this substance is a blood diluent and anticoagulant, which has a good effect on lowering blood fat, lowering blood pressure and preventing thrombosis.

Turtle has the effect of nourishing yin and tonifying deficiency. Experiments show that soft-shelled turtle can effectively reduce the cholesterol content after high-fat diet.

Kelp Kelp contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, which can remove cholesterol attached to the blood vessel wall. Dietary fiber in kelp can regulate the stomach, promote cholesterol excretion and control cholesterol absorption. Kelp is rich in calcium, which can reduce the absorption of cholesterol and lower blood pressure. The synergistic effect of these three substances has excellent hypolipidemic effect and high edible value.

Apples are rich in pectin, which can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood and prevent fat accumulation. It is reported that people who eat one or two apples a day can reduce their blood cholesterol by more than 10%.

Oats are extremely rich in linoleic acid, accounting for 35% to 52% of all unsaturated fatty acids. The content of vitamin E is also very rich, and it also contains saponins, which can reduce the concentration of plasma cholesterol. After years of clinical research in more than 20 major hospitals in Beijing, it is confirmed that oat can obviously reduce serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein, and can increase serum density lipoprotein.

Generally speaking, about 50% patients with early hypertension can have no symptoms at all, but asymptomatic hypertensive patients often suggest that blood pressure rises slowly and continuously, and patients are insensitive to blood pressure rise and are easily ignored. So it is dangerous. Therefore, as long as it is diagnosed as hypertension, it is necessary to treat it seriously.

Commonly used treatment methods include non-drug treatment and drug treatment. Non-drug therapies include salt restriction, weight loss, exercise and relaxation therapy. For drug treatment, some patients think that drugs have side effects and are harmful to human body, so they can't insist on taking drugs for a long time. In fact, this understanding is wrong.

According to the Shanghai Public Health News, doctors often hear patients ask, "Can I still do my original job?" "Can I swim by bike in the future?" For such problems, doctors' long-term follow-up observation and research on patients with hypertension show that mild hypertension does not affect the labor force, and patients are more competent; Moderate hypertension, unintentional, brain, kidney and other organ complications, can also be competent for general work, that is to say, no more than moderate intensity of manual labor, but should avoid overwork, should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, if possible, it is best to arrange lunch breaks every day; Severe hypertension, that is, heart, brain, kidney Harrow organ function damage, the labor force is reduced, should be properly rested according to the specific situation.

Some occupations, such as pilot, driver, diver, high altitude and high temperature, are not suitable for patients with hypertension, so it is best to change jobs.

What kind of exercise the patient participates in and how long each activity can last, it is best to study and decide with the attending doctor, and never go it alone. Be sure to pay attention to working methods and be busy and orderly; Pay attention to the scientific use of the brain, work and rest, relaxed and orderly. No matter how busy the work is, take a rest 10-20 minutes. In addition, the alternation of different kinds of work is also helpful to the recovery of brain fatigue.

Because the excessive tension of cerebral cortex is an important factor of hypertension, eliminating this excessive tension is the basis of treating hypertension, but it does not mean that all hypertensive patients need long-term rest all day. They should arrange some physical activities according to their illness and take a leisurely walk with their families in boulevards, rivers and parks, which is suitable for most patients with hypertension. Of course, doing broadcast gymnastics and playing Tai Ji Chuan properly is also very good for maintaining physical strength and promoting recovery. For patients with mild to moderate hypertension, cycling and swimming are also good. For the elderly and patients with severe hypertension, it is best to arrange activities under the guidance of doctors. Never try to be brave and win, and be greedy for a moment and cause lifelong regret.

Hypertensive patients should keep 8 hours of sleep and proper lunch break every day; Pay attention to keep defecation unobstructed and develop the habit of regular defecation; Avoid too many social activities and less banquets; Diet should follow the principle of low salt, low fat and low calorie, and pay attention to the reasonable collocation of diet structure; Diet should not be too full or too fast; Keep warm at all times; In addition, we should strengthen our self-cultivation at ordinary times, adjust our mental state at any time and keep a good mood. You can appropriately improve your life interest and cultivate some hobbies, such as planting flowers, raising birds, fishing, enjoying music and reciting poems. These have obvious effects on the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Hypertensive patients should not take medicine intermittently or intermittently at ordinary times, and insisting on taking medicine can effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Because of individual differences, it is necessary to constantly explore in the process of taking medicine in order to get the smallest and most suitable dose and the best therapeutic effect. Taking various measures such as combining drug therapy with non-drug therapy and combining traditional Chinese and western medicine can improve the curative effect, reduce the dosage of drugs, alleviate or even avoid side effects, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.