How to repair nasal mucosa?

There is a situation similar to the symptoms of the subject, which is called "empty nose syndrome". To be precise, "empty nose syndrome" is not a standard technical term, and there is no * * * knowledge in academic circles. But a group of people are suffering from "empty nose syndrome".

At first, they went to the hospital to see rhinitis because of nasal congestion. After being diagnosed by doctors, they underwent minimally invasive surgery and removed part of their turbinates. However, symptoms such as nasopharyngeal dryness, lung discomfort, nasal congestion, listlessness and insomnia appeared after operation. Because I went to the hospital for various reexaminations, the diagnosis showed normal, but the uncomfortable symptoms persisted.

"As soon as I entered the air-conditioned car, I felt the cold air enter the lungs directly with every breath."

"The nose doesn't hurt, people feel uncomfortable and have headaches, and they can't sleep all night ..."

"Sleeping at night is like flipping a pie. Turn right when the left nose is blocked, turn left when the right nose is blocked, and get up in the middle of the night to drink water often blocked or dry throat. I turned over 100 times in just one night. "

Breathing is all the time, and every breath is pain. Nasal mucosa has the functions of heating, humidifying and filtering air. After surgical removal of part of the turbinate mucosa, its function was destroyed. The dry cold air inhaled into the nasal cavity is like a sharp knife inserted into the lungs, which stimulates the nerve endings distributed in the nasal cavity and causes reflex headache. Lack of effective cleaning and filtration of airborne bacteria may also lead to respiratory tract infection.

After the swollen mucosa is removed, the nasal cavity becomes wider, which should be smooth ventilation. Why is it stuffy? That's because the peripheral nerves rich in nasal mucosa can sense airflow. Once it is destroyed, it will not feel the air flow and the nose will be blocked, accompanied by headaches, decreased sense of smell and other symptoms.

In addition to the turbinectomy mentioned above, there are other risks that may cause "empty nose syndrome", including extramucosal mucosal mucosal ablation (such as superficial cautery and laser treatment) and submucosal ablation (such as intramucosal cautery, radiofrequency ablation and laser treatment), and there is a risk of "empty nose syndrome".

There is also a traditional Chinese medicine nasal ointment or nasal powder that needs special vigilance. It can often be seen that in some institutions under the banner of "treating rhinitis", people sit in small chairs, dip cotton swabs in traditional Chinese medicine ointment and stuff them in the middle of their nostrils, with a small trash can, a snot and a tear in front of them.

In traditional Chinese medicine therapy, there is indeed a kind of "sneezing" treatment, that is, artificially inducing sneezing to drive away the cold and make the nasal cavity unblocked. However, from the perspective of modern medicine, there are dense microvessels under the nasal mucosa, which can directly enter the blood and bypass the gastrointestinal barrier through mucosal absorption, so the way of administration through the nasal cavity must be very cautious.

Traditional Chinese medicine nasal ointment and nasal powder are usually made from Chinese herbal medicines such as Fructus Xanthii, Asari, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Herba Centipedae, etc., which have the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The specific composition is unknown and the risk is uncontrollable.

What's more, these nasal ointment powders are generally alkaline, with pH above 8 and strong corrosiveness. They are not suitable for nasal mucosa with pH value of 6 ~ 6.5 at all, and the osmotic pressure is not equal to blood, which will produce strong stimulation. It will be very uncomfortable during use, and it will keep running nose and tears. After a long time, mucosal epithelial cells will be destroyed, and symptoms similar to "empty nose syndrome" will appear.

In addition, it is also common for people to wipe their noses and drip their noses with plant essential oils. Friends who like aromatherapy will know that essential oils are corrosive and generally acidic at pH3~5. Even if it is rubbed on the skin covering the stratum corneum, it needs to be diluted with base oil. If it comes into direct contact with the nasal mucosa, it will also have a burning injury similar to that of traditional Chinese medicine.

Second, our nasal cavity structure The first stop of the respiratory tract is the nasal cavity. The first thing you see is a "black forest" with nose hair. Nose hair is the first line of defense of respiratory tract, which can play a good role in blocking larger sand grains or insects; In addition, nose hair also prevents dry cold air from directly entering the lungs, which also has a protective effect. Therefore, if the nose hair is too long, it can be shortened, but it should not be uprooted.

Our nasal cavity is lined with a complete mucosa. Below the mucosa is a staggered capillary network, and inside the mucosa are thousands of goblet cells and secretory glands.

Mucus (or snot) is secreted here bit by bit, and the daily secretion is about 500~ 1000 ml, which is almost 2~3 cans of cola.

In fact, most nasal secretions are not discharged from the nostrils, but "counter-flow into the river" towards the depths of the nostrils, through the throat, and finally into the stomach through the esophagus. How does the snot flow into your stomach?

That's because the nasal mucosa is covered with thin "cilia" in addition to nasal hair, which constantly pushes mucus to move deep into the nasal cavity. With the help of cilia movement, nasal mucus will form a "mucus blanket", which will unconsciously pass through the throat and then be eaten into the stomach. This process is mucociliary clearance movement, which is often called "nasal reflux", and it is also a very important self-protection and cleaning mechanism of respiratory tract.

Third, the factors affecting the nasal mucosa 1, snot blanket strike, axle belt injury.

Nonspecific inflammatory substances produced by repeated respiratory tract infections or allergic reactions will destroy ciliated epithelial cells, slow down the frequency of ciliated oscillation and cause abnormal morphological structure. A remarkable feature is that cilia will stick to each other, some stick to each other, some stick to each other, and the direction will become messy. Although cilia can still move rhythmically, they can no longer play a synergistic role in removing foreign bodies in nasal cavity.

For example, although the rotating shafts of the conveyor belt are still rotating, not only the rotating speed slows down, but also the rotating direction of each rotating shaft is uneven, some are forward and some are backward, so that the conveying efficiency will be greatly reduced, and all kinds of secretions and pathogens will accumulate in the respiratory tract if they cannot be transported out, but only repeated infections and inflammations will cause more secretions, further aggravating the abnormality of cilia structure and function and forming a vicious circle.

Studies have shown that due to the abnormal structure of cilia, the clearance rate of mucus cilia to secretions and pathogenic factors decreases, which is the cause of recurrent respiratory tract infections in traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, the damage of chronic nonspecific inflammation to the mucosal epithelial surface can also make nerve endings sensitive and easily angered, which is one of the reasons why bronchial asthma and allergic cough will suddenly erupt under slight stimulation.

2. Exogenous drugs and surgical injuries: As mentioned earlier, ointments or powders with different pH values and different isotonicity and surgical operations will damage the nasal mucosa, so it should be carefully considered before operation.

3. Abuse of nasal spray: nasal spray belongs to decongestant according to the principle of action, which can also be called vasoconstrictor. Drug-induced rhinitis is caused by long-term overuse of such pharmaceutical preparations.

The reason of nasal congestion is the increase of vascular permeability, which makes a lot of plasma penetrate into mucosal tissue, causing edema and blocking airway. By using decongestant, it is like closing the water supply pipe from the source. Without continuous body fluid supply, tissue edema will subside, the problem of mucosal swelling will be alleviated, and the airway will be unblocked again.

However, after long-term use of decongestants, the "valves" of blood vessels will become less and less sensitive to drugs, and more serious vascular rebound congestion will occur. Because of the frequent use of decongestants, the blood flow will be reduced, which will not only make the mucosal tissue unable to get sufficient nutrition supply, but also accumulate metabolic waste, and the blood vessels will have to expand compensatively to balance the effect of drugs on constricting blood vessels. The end result is that the "nasal spray" is used more and more.

In patients with drug-induced rhinitis, the nasal mucosa structure will be seriously damaged, such as the loss of ciliated cells, the rupture of vascular epithelial space and basement membrane, the ultrastructural changes of vascular epithelium, and the destruction of cell mitochondria. All these lead to the destruction of mucociliary clearance system, which makes inflammation and infection more likely to occur.

Fourth, how to alleviate and repair the nasal mucosa, then what should I do if the respiratory mucosa is damaged and the cilia function structure is abnormal?

Traditional Chinese medicine preparation is used for atomization, anti-infection, reducing the release of inflammatory secretions, dissolving mucus, clearing secretions accumulated in respiratory tract, stimulating cilia swing and accelerating the transmission ability of sports "garbage", relieving stress and regulating mood with the smell of aromatic plants; In addition, it can also be used with semiconductor nasal laser and physiological saline to wash the nasal cavity, promote the vascular circulation of the nasal cavity and remove nasal secretions.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) What should we pay attention to in our daily life? 1. Pay attention to keep your nose warm and avoid cold air blowing directly on your nose.

2. Don't abuse nasal spray.

3, to avoid iatrogenic nasal mucosal injury (surgery or raw ointment, etc.). )

4. Solve the rhinitis problem in time.