Renovation process of blank house

The process of rough house decoration The detailed steps of new house decoration are as follows:

Chapter 1: Concealed Hydropower Project

Hydropower standardization construction and matters needing attention;

"Hydropower transformation" is a hidden project, but it occupies an extremely important position in the decoration. I believe all friends can understand its importance, especially water. Once an accident happens, you will lose yourself and hurt your neighbors ... really careless. Never lose big because of small, safety first!

Electrical installation:

First, strong electricity (lighting, electrical appliances) and weak electricity (TV, telephone, stereo, network, etc.) in home decoration. ) should be involved. Modern decoration generally requires circuits and wires to be buried. Once something goes wrong, it is very troublesome to maintain them. So choose a better wire. Remember, this part of the money must not be saved!

2. Selection of wire specifications: In home decoration, according to national regulations, 2.5 square wires should be used for lighting, switches and sockets, 4.0 square wires for air conditioners and 6.0 square wires for water heaters. But in practice, in order to save money, many people choose 1.5 square wires as lighting lines. But I advise you not to save it!

Third, there are many ways to install electricity at present. In fact, everyone has neglected a key issue, that is, practice. Now the main methods are:

1, functional approach: in other words, it is not necessary to divide into many groups, as long as the purpose of using electricity is achieved. This method is mostly the installation of water and electricity provided by real estate agents for the delivery of houses. The three-bedroom and two-bedroom houses are divided into four groups. It is not safe to do so. As we all know, all such hydropower installations must be suspended and restarted.

2. Grouping practice: Grouping means that the lighting of each space should be grouped separately, and the air conditioning of each space should be grouped separately. In this case, a three-bedroom and two-bedroom house needs three rooms, living room 1, dining room 1, two bathrooms 1, air conditioning and living room 65438.

3. As in Ref. 2, threading with cold bending pipe is expensive because each elbow needs a pipe bender, which is very labor-consuming. Most customers choose this method.

4. As in Reference 3, the wiring of strong and weak current in the slot is for slotting with extra money.

5. The national standard practice is not to open horizontal slots at all, but only vertical slots, which is what I want to talk about today.

Four, the basic principles of hydropower construction: the roof does not walk, the roof does not walk, consider taking the wall, the wall does not walk, only consider taking the ground.

Why? The top line is in the ceiling or plaster line, even if there is a fault, it is convenient to maintain and the loss is not great. If all the lines are on the ground, it is necessary to lift the floor for maintenance, and the loss will be great. Also, the ground is a concrete structure, and the buried pipe is very dangerous, which will inevitably hurt the concrete layer and even the steel bar. Many workers will go underground to save trouble. ...

Power standard construction and construction principles

Construction principle:

First, positioning: first of all, you should position the circuit according to your electricity consumption, such as where the switch is, where the socket is, where the light is, etc. The electrician will position it according to your requirements.

2. Slotting: After the positioning is completed, the electrician will slot the wiring according to the positioning and line direction. Wiring slots are very particular, and they should be horizontal and vertical. But the standard practice is not allowed to open horizontal slots, because it will affect the bearing capacity of the wall.

Three: wiring: wiring generally adopts the way of buried pipeline. There are two kinds of conduit: cold-formed conduit and PVC conduit. Cold-formed pipe can be bent without breaking, which is the best choice for wiring, because its corner is radian, and the wiring can be replaced at any time without opening the wall.

Bend pipe: Bend pipe tools should be used for cold bending pipes, and the radian should be 10 times of the pipe diameter, so as to thread or thread smoothly.

Principles to be followed when wiring:

Wiring principle (1): the distance between strong and weak current should be 30-50 cm. They can only be distant relatives, not close relatives. I don't know when, or whether you like it or not, they will suddenly appear and disturb your TV and phone.

Wiring principle (2): Do not put strong current and weak current in the same tube.

Wiring principle (3) The total cross-sectional area of the wires in the tube should be less than 40% of the cross-sectional area of the protection tube, for example, 20 wires with a maximum of 4 wires of 2.5 square meters should be inserted in the tube.

Wiring principle (4): Long-distance conduit shall be the whole pipe as far as possible.

Wiring principle (5): If conduits need to be connected, use connectors, and the connectors and pipes should be glued well.

Wiring principle (6): If the cable pipe is on the ground, it should be protected immediately to prevent it from cracking and affecting future maintenance.

Wiring principle (7): When the wiring length exceeds15m or there are three bends in the middle, a junction box should be installed in the middle, because when assembling and disassembling the wires, they are too long or bent, and the wires cannot pass through the conduit.

Wiring principle (8): In general, air-conditioning sockets should be installed more than 2 meters away from the ground, and electric wires should be more than 40 centimeters away from the gas pipeline.

Wiring principle (9): In general, air-conditioning sockets should be installed more than 2 meters above the ground. In general, air conditioning sockets should be installed at a place more than 2 meters above the ground.

Wiring principle (10): unless otherwise specified, the socket shall be installed at a height of 30 cm from the ground.

Wiring principle (1 1): switch and socket should face the panel, switch and socket should face the panel, with neutral line on the left and live line on the right.

Wiring principle (12): In home decoration, wires can only be connected in parallel, which is definitely not as simple as what we usually connect casually.

Wiring principle (13): The joint shall be pressed and connected firmly.

Wiring principle (14): The connected wires should be immediately wrapped with insulating tape.

Wiring principle (15): If the colors of live wire, neutral wire and ground wire are determined when your home is decorated, don't mix colors at any time.

Wiring principle (16) Lighting, sockets, air conditioners, water heaters and other circuits in different areas of the home should be wired separately. Once any component needs power outage maintenance, it will not affect the normal use of other electrical appliances.

Wiring principle (17): It is very important to ask the constructor to make a circuit layout for you after completing the circuit. Once the wall or nail wall needs to be repaired or repaired in the future, it can prevent the wire from being damaged.

Construction principle of water-water supply standard;

The importance of water construction in family decoration is the first. If you can't do it well, either the water pipe leaks and the furniture is moldy and decadent, or the water overflows Jinshan and there is water at home. People take a "free" bath downstairs, and as a result, you only have three escorts: "Give gifts, lose money, and make efforts."

Water supply materials: PPR hot-melt water supply pipes are widely used in modern decoration, including pure PPR, PPR stainless steel and PPR copper. Functionally, it can be divided into PPR cold water pipe and hot water pipe. Cold water pipes cannot be mixed, especially cold water pipes cannot be used as hot water pipes. Well-known brands in the market are Jiangte, Jinde, Wanneng and Rifeng, and the quality of these brands is very high.

I. Principles of water supply construction

Construction principle (1): In home decoration, it is better to walk on the roof instead of the ground, because the water pipe is installed on the ground, which bears the pressure of tiles and people, and there is a danger of cracking the water pipe. In addition, the advantage of taking the roof is convenient maintenance, but the salary is very high, and most people don't need it.

Construction principle (2): Pay attention to the slotting depth of water pipes. The ash layer after cold water burial is greater than 1 cm, and the ash layer after hot water burial is greater than 1.5 cm.

Construction principle (3): Hot and cold water pipes should follow the principle that hot water is on the left and cold water is on the right, with hot water on top and cold water on the bottom.

Construction principle (4): PPR hot-melt pipe is generally used for home decoration water supply pipe, which has the advantages of good sealing and fast construction speed. However, workers must be reminded not to rush. If the force is not correct, the pipeline may be blocked and the water flow will be reduced. If this happens to the toilet flush valve hose, the bedpan will not be cleaned.

Construction principle (5): After the water pipes are laid, fix them with pipe clamps first, and then seal them. The spacing between cold water pipe clamps is not more than 60 cm, and that between hot water pipe clamps is not more than 25 cm.

Construction principle (6): horizontal pipe clamp spacing, cold water pipe clamp spacing is not more than 60 cm, hot water pipe clamp spacing is not more than 25 cm.

Construction principle (7): The height of installed hot and cold water pipes should be on the same horizontal plane, and only in this way can the installation of hot and cold water switches be beautiful.

Construction principle (8): After the water pipe is installed, plug the pipe head immediately. If sundries fall in, it will be in trouble!

Construction principle (9): Don't forget the pressure test after the water pipe installation is completed. Pressure test is to detect whether the installed water pipe leaks water or not. Only after pressure test can the groove be sealed with confidence.

Construction principle (10): During pressure test, the pressure of the pressure tester must reach above 0.6 and wait for more than 20-30 minutes. If the pointer position of the pressure gauge has not changed, the installed water pipe is sealed, so the sealing groove is safe.

Construction principle (1 1): Although the sewer pipe has no pressure, it should be drained and inspected carefully for water leakage and seepage.

If there is water seepage in water construction, even if it is very weak, we must persist in rework, and we must never be vague!

Code for Construction of Hydraulic Engineering-Waterproof Principle

Waterproof construction principle:

Waterproofing also plays a very important role in family decoration, and it is also the most prone to hidden dangers. If waterproofing is not done well, your family will suffer less. If it hurts your neighbor, hehe, you can escort it, "make a gift and make a loss."

Waterproofing agent: There are many kinds of waterproofing agents (Lanmeigao NP2, NP3, Gaode, Gaomei and Sanxin). Of course, the construction methods are also different. Some are directly mixed with cement, some are melted with asphalt, and some are directly brushed, but the construction principle is the same. Waterproofing agent shall be brushed twice in general position, horizontally and vertically, and again in special position. No exposed brushes and sand holes!

Construction principle (1): Before waterproofing, the walls and floors that need waterproofing must be cleaned, otherwise even the best waterproofing agent will not play a waterproof role.

Construction principle (2): Generally, the waterproof agent on the wall should be brushed to a height of 30 cm.

Construction principle (3): If there are cabinets or other furniture behind the wall, it should be painted at least to the height of1.8m. It is best to paint the whole wall.

Construction principle (4): the ground should be thoroughly brushed, and the second brush can only be done after the first dry.

Waterproof key parts:

Key position: corner position, need to brush 1-2 times.

Key parts: around the sewer pipe, brush 1-2 times more.

Construction principle (5): After waterproofing is finished, don't think it will be all right, but also "open the floodgates and drain water" to test the water.

Construction principle (6): test the water for 24 hours to see if there is water seepage on the surrounding wall. If so, rework is not negotiable!

Chapter II: Decorative Engineering-Code for Masonry Construction

Masons, putty, carpenters and painters are called face projects in family decoration.

Whether to look at hydropower internally or externally depends on these face projects. The so-called face project is the part that people can see at a glance, so many people pay special attention to these projects, just like looking for a girlfriend. Everyone likes beauty. ...

Masons:

When it comes to masons, it is necessary to talk about the role of tiles (the selection method of tiles is discussed in the material part). The main purpose of using ceramic tiles in decoration is to be beautiful, waterproof and antifouling. Now tiles are not as simple as before. In order to meet the requirements of the market, manufacturers have developed many high-quality models with different colors and prices. According to the shape, it can be divided into strip bricks and square bricks; According to the purpose, it can be used as exterior wall brick, exterior wall brick and dado brick; In terms of color, there are crystal golden flowers, crystal glazed gold bricks, inferior smooth brick and so on; There are cultural bricks, flint and antique bricks. In the space where color needs to be enhanced, tiles can be used to emphasize the visual effect. For example, in the kitchen, on a large plain wall, the blue deer tiles are put together to decorate the kitchen space, and the rest of the walls are monochrome, which makes the kitchen feel very clean and tidy, and can be regarded as a place full of life interest and enjoyment. Cooking at home is not necessary, it is an idea. Therefore, for young friends, choosing more modern tiles is more in line with their personality characteristics, such as impressionist paintings and creative patterns to enrich the kitchen space. In the choice of bathroom space wall tiles, you can choose some cartoon effects and so on. If it's expensive, just buy one or two to decorate it. For example, a decorative thread can also play the role of finishing touch. Insects, oil paintings and animated characters are all acceptable. And you can use your imagination, play freely and combine at will.

Construction principle:

Construction principle (1): If there is no special requirement for home decoration, 325 cement is generally used as cement, and the quality of cement can be guaranteed within one month after leaving the factory.

Construction principle (2): the ratio of cement to sand is 1: 3. Selection of sand: sand should be used for wall tiles, and medium sand should be used for powder walls, masonry walls and sealing various grooves. Coarse sand should be used for laying floor tiles. I have met jokes about using sand. Once, when decorating the home of the division commander of the Air Force Academy and putting up wall tiles, the division commander's wife saw the sand pulled over and was furious: "We don't use this sand to build pigsty." The sediment looks really ugly, but it can only be used as a wall brick.

Floor tile paving principle:

Principle 1: The first thing before laying floor tiles is to pre-arrange them according to the size of the floor tiles you buy and the size of the floor.

Principle 2: The principle of pre-arrangement is that in the same room, there should not be more than one row of horizontal and vertical half bricks, and half bricks should be left on the side where furniture will be placed in the future or in an inconspicuous place.

Principle 3: After the preliminary layout is planned, two reference lines should be pulled vertically and horizontally. With the baseline, the floor tiles in this room can be guaranteed to be pasted properly.

Principle 4: Check whether the datum line is standard, and measure 1.6m and 1.2m along the intersection. If the distance between two points is 2.0m, it proves that the datum line is vertical and standard, and you can start tiling.

Principle 5: Pave the first benchmark brick along this baseline (the pasting method refers to the nine steps of paving floor tiles), then the floor tiles pasted along the baseline will be vertical and horizontal, and it is difficult to achieve a regular effect without pulling wires or pulling wires.

Nine steps of paving floor tiles (each brick has to go through these nine steps, step by step, and none of them can be separated);

Step 1: Brush the floor with plain cement water with a water-cement ratio of 0.4-0.5, and then lay 1: 3 mortar.

Step 2: The mortar should be wet and dry moderately, and the standard is "hold it in your hand and open it on the ground", and the mortar should be spread out.

Step 3: Lay the floor tile on the mortar and beat it hard with a rubber hammer to make it flush with the first benchmark brick.

Step 4: After striking hard, pick up the ceramic tile to see if the mortar is insufficient or uneven, and sprinkle it with mortar for supplementary filling.

Step 5: Lay the ceramic tile for the second time until it is flush with the benchmark brick.

Step 6: Pick up the ceramic tile for the second time and check whether the ground mortar is full or not. If it is full and smooth, evenly spread a layer of plain cement slurry on the tile.

Step 7: Pave the brick for the third time, and lay it firmly, flush with the benchmark brick.

Step 8: Check whether the ceramic tile is flat with a level, and beat it with a rubber hammer until it is completely flat.

Step 9: Draw a line from the middle of brick joints with a scraper to ensure that there is a certain uniform gap between bricks to prevent damage to bricks caused by thermal expansion and contraction. Draw back and forth longitudinally on two bricks with a scraper to check whether the two bricks are flush.

After strictly completing these nine steps, even if a floor tile is successfully laid, every brick below will go through nine steps; Remember: not careless at all!

Surface engineering-bricklayer's construction specification-wall brick;

Construction principle: whether the wall brick is firmly attached, the wall surface is very important, and the wall surface is relatively flat, which is not conducive to sticking the wall brick.

So before sticking the wall brick:

(1) When the wall surface is roughed, the pasted wall tiles are firm, and do not slip or deform.

(2) Coating 107 glue on the wall can delay the drying time of cement, which is beneficial to the effective solidification of cement and can ensure the quality.

Construction principle: In order to lay bricks horizontally and vertically, the master should play a horizontal line on the wall.

Construction principle: Place the tray along the horizontal line to prevent the new tiles from slipping.

Construction principle: stick four brick cakes on one wall, and then stick them. With this sign, the bricks of the whole wall will be leveled.

Construction principle: wall tiles must be soaked in water before pasting.

Six steps to stick bricks on the wall (if your bricks are stuck like this, you can rest assured);

Step 1: Fill the soaked tiles with cement, and be full.

Step 2: Stick a batch of cement bricks on the wall along the supporting plate and beat them with a rubber hammer.

Step 3: After knocking it flat, take it down to see where there is pulp and fill it up.

Step 4: After filling in the unsatisfactory places, sprinkle plain cement (pure cement), then stick it on the wall, level it, and tamp it with a rubber hammer.

Step 5: Because the cement always slides down, it is necessary to refill the mortar after pasting.

Step 6: In order to paste the wall tiles (with neat seams) smoothly, in the process of pasting, toothpicks or thin nails should be inserted into the cracks of the tiles, and then taken out after the cement is solidified; Bricks pasted in this way will be strong and smooth.

Four steps to check the wall brick (checking the wall brick is mainly to check the empty drum and flatness):

Step 1: Check whether the corner is flat. Anything that is square can be taken, such as a cigarette case and a whole tile. In particular, check the corner where the cabinet will be installed in the future, because if it is not right-angled, the cabinet will leave a gap and affect the appearance.

Step 2: Check whether the external angle is right-angled. Just touch two tiles.

The third step: check whether the wall tiles are empty, focusing on the edges and corners of the tiles, which are the easiest to empty.

Step 4: Check whether the wall tiles are flat, mainly by touching the seams and corners of the tiles. If the four corners of the tile are flat and there is a convex and concave phenomenon in the middle, it may be the problem of the tile itself.

Chapter III: Finishing Engineering-Woodworking Construction Specification

Surface Engineering-Woodworking Building Code-Furniture;

The importance of woodworking in modern decoration can not be ignored, and the technology of woodworking directly leads to the success or failure of the whole project quality!

Woodworking materials generally include: boards (large core boards, toothed boards, pine boards, etc.). ), 9-ply boards, 15-ply boards, 18-ply boards, panels (wood grain of various colors), white latex, wood grain nails and other nails, caulking lines, wood squares, Ette boards, paints and other materials.

The first thing a carpenter does when he enters the arena is to make a new horizontal line. Ceiling, door, door cover, wardrobe and other carpentry square is based on the horizontal line of carpentry. The horizontal line generally rebounds at a height of 50 cm from the ground, so it is also called the five zero line. All rooms that want to make ceilings or furniture, and rooms that need gusset plates in the kitchen and bathroom must be made. Without a level or irregular level, the quality of work can certainly not be guaranteed.

What I want to talk about today is carpentry, mainly from the aspects of making door covers and suspended ceilings.

Basic requirements and acceptance methods:

The surface is smooth, the lines are straight, the edges and corners are square, the nail cap is not exposed, there are no gouges, burrs, hammer marks and other defects, the installation position is correct, the corner cutting is neat, the joints are tight and close to the wall. Tape measure, visual inspection and feel are used for acceptance.

About the door cover:

The key to making the door cover is that it is square, firm and appropriate in size, and the bottom plate should be close to the wall and not loose.

The way to check founder is to measure the diagonal length of the door cover with a tape measure.

The way to check the firmness is to pat the panel with your hand and listen for a hollow sound.

About the manufacture and installation of doors:

Making doors is very different from other furniture we make. You can't use a whole board to make a door, you should use a chainsaw to slot vertically and horizontally. The density of the groove is generally not more than 30 cm, and the depth of the groove is generally greater than 1/2 of the plate thickness. This tank is called the unloading tank. In other words, only by doing so can you ensure that the finished door will not be deformed. If your workers make doors, you will pop up one or two professional words.

The base material of the door should be bonded layer by layer with wooden boards with good discharge slots according to the needs of modeling. When the substrate is ready, it will be polished with panel decoration. Finally, it should be placed in a very flat place, and the heavy objects should be pressed evenly on it for more than three days before it can be taken out for use.

You can't directly install the hinge of the door. You must open a groove of the right size at the joint between the door frame and the door leaf. The hinge is installed in the groove, which is beautiful and strong.

Manufacture and installation of doors:

The most important thing in the installation of the door is to be neat;

Upper seam1-2mm;

Side seam1-2.5 mm;

Sew 3-5 mm.

Woodworking products, especially drawers, are the key to test the fineness of woodworking skills. Drawers are required not to bow their heads and shake when being pulled out.

The return position should be correct, and the cupboard door should not be fanned, that is to say, the door will open or close at one position: surface engineering-woodworking construction specification-ceiling.

Ceiling:

Another important job of carpentry is the ceiling. If a family is decorated without a ceiling, it looks monotonous, so I suggest that friends who need to decorate don't save this money. The ceiling doesn't cost much at all.

The style of ceiling generally includes flat ceiling, secondary ceiling and special ceiling. The main material is generally light steel keel or wood square keel, and the surface is decorated with gypsum board or fiberboard.

Special-shaped ceiling is generally a special-shaped ceiling, which has many shapes such as square, round, arc and oval.

The keel of the ceiling should be arranged according to the length of the room, and several data needed should be understood, especially the ceiling of contracted materials, so as not to lose rice and get chaff.

The main keel spacing should be 90- 120 cm. If it is wider, the material will be saved, and there must be something wrong with the strength.

The distance between the main keel and the wall is not more than 30 cm, preferably 30 cm.

The distance between suspenders for hanging the main keel shall not exceed 120cm.

The wedge spacing of the keel on the fixed side of the wall should not exceed 40 cm.

The pendant hanging the main keel should be installed in both positive and negative directions, which will be more stable.

When the keel is not long enough, special connectors should be used for connection, and the connectors should be staggered with adjacent connectors.

After the main keel is installed, stay wires and level them one by one. This is a meticulous job, so I won't say how to adjust it. You just need to ask the master to be careful.

The central part should be arched, that is to say, the middle part should be higher, about three thousandths of the length of the room, so that the ceiling actually looks flat, otherwise it will look like the middle part sinking.

The distance between the auxiliary keels of the fixed plate is not more than 60 cm.

When installing plasterboard, Ette board and other decorative boards, the screws should be fixed from the middle of the board to all sides to avoid competition and affect the flatness.

The density of nails for fixing wooden boards, the distance between the edges of wooden boards should be 15- 17 cm,

The nail spacing in the middle of the board shall not be greater than 20 cm.

Pay attention to the distance between the nail and the edge of the board. Hehe, the distance between the nail and the uncut edge is1-1.5cm.

The distance from the knife edge should be 1.5-2.0 cm.

There are a lot of data to remember, hehe, in order to make the home decoration beautiful and solid, worry is indispensable.

Kitchen and bathroom ceiling:

The principle of kitchen and bathroom ceiling is to start laying from the conspicuous side, because if one piece is not enough, it can be hidden on the inconspicuous side.

If you want to make a hole in the ceiling, you must ask the master to reinforce the surrounding holes.

Chapter IV: Face Project-Construction Code for Painters

Finishing engineering-code for construction of putty;

The main work of putty worker is:

1, ceiling joint repair treatment.

2. Blow putty.

3. Brush latex paint.

A, joint repair:

1. The first thing putty workers do when they enter the site is to carry out antirust treatment on metal objects such as ceiling nail caps used for carpentry, so as to avoid the rust of nail caps after scraping putty, which will cause putty to turn yellow. (If the old house is rebuilt, all the putty on the original wall and roof must be removed without residue, and then polished).

2. Then use special anti-crack agent to fill the joint groove of the ceiling.

3, reoccupy kraft paper or dacron cloth with white latex paste on the joint, in order to prevent the ceiling joint from cracking when it expands with heat and contracts with cold in the future.

Second, blow putty: blow putty is generally three times.

1, the first time is the leveling of the base: especially the leveling of the yin and yang corners, which means thickening the irregular corners and walls to make the corners vertical and square, or making the walls more flat, thus creating conditions for later construction.

Yin angle leveling, Yang angle leveling.

2. Full batch for the second time: On the basis of basic leveling for the first time, the whole surface shall be leveled without slurry leakage.

3. The third time is surface treatment: the result of surface treatment is that the whole wall must be flat without hollowing and peeling.

Note: If the owner doesn't plan to brush latex paint, the putty surface should be scraped three times and polished.

Third, brush latex paint:

The practice of latex paint is as follows.

1, roller coating (economical).

2. Spraying (smoother surface).

3, printing (improve the grade, suitable for small area construction).

Today, I mainly talk about the practice of roller coating: (generally, one bottom and two sides are needed, * * * three times)

1, the surface of putty should be polished in two steps: rough polishing and light polishing. The function of polishing is to make the wall surface smoother and increase the adhesion of wall latex paint.

2. After polishing, you can roll the prepared latex paint on the wall in the order of priming first and then painting (dry it for the first time and then brush it again) (if you use latex paint with different colors, you should separate the areas with different colors with color separation paper in advance).

3. The construction effect of latex paint should be: smooth surface, no sag, no pollution, consistent color, clear and bright dividing line, straight and smooth.

(1) brush evenly without leakage.

(2) The same color should be consistent, and there should be no chromatic aberration.

(3) The junction with woodworking engineering must be clean and tidy, and there can be no pollution.

(4) The dividing line of each color group is clear, and there shall be no pollution.