What is the real China Wushu?

The origin of Wushu can be traced back to primitive society. At that time, human beings had begun to use sticks and other primitive tools as weapons to fight wild animals, one for self-defense and the other for hunting for means of subsistence. Later, in order to compete for wealth, people made more lethal weapons. Such as Shan Hai Jing? In the Wild North Classic, there is a record that Chiyou attacked the Yellow Emperor as a soldier. In this way, through fighting, human beings not only made weapons, but also gradually accumulated skills with certain offensive and defensive significance.

Evolution of Wushu

The development of bronze industry in Shang Dynasty was dominated by chariot warfare, and some bronze weapons appeared, such as spears, daggers, halberds, axes, cymbals, knives and swords. At the same time, the use of such weapons has also appeared, such as chopping, stabbing, stabbing and chopping. In order to improve the combat effectiveness, the form of competition appeared at this time. For example, in Wang Zhi's Book of Rites, it is said that "anyone who holds the skill to talk about strength, is suitable for all directions, barefoot, and definitely shoots", which means to compete with martial arts. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, ironware appeared and infantry cavalry rose. In order to play the role of walking, long-handled weapons have become shorter and short-handled weapons (especially the body) have become longer. In this way, the content of weapons has become richer, the attack and defense of Wushu has become more prominent, and the fitness function of Wushu has also been paid attention to. At this time, the forms of Wushu competitions have appeared widely, which further promoted the development of Wushu. According to the pipeline? According to the Seven Laws, there is a "Spring and Autumn Angle Examination" every year. According to Zhuangzi's "The World" and Xunzi's exposition of soldiers, the martial arts competition at that time was very skillful, and the boxing methods included attack, defense, counterattack and feint. In the Qin dynasty, there were gladiators and hand fights, and there were judges, courts and certain costumes during the competition. 1975 On the back of a wooden grate unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Fenghuangshan, jiangling county, Hubei Province, the grand occasion of a game at that time was painted in color: there were three naked men on the stage, wearing only shorts, belts and toe caps, and two people were competing. 1 Each person held out his hands as a referee. There are sword dance, knife dance, double halberd dance and cymbal dance in Han Dynasty. All these show that the martial arts dance in Han Dynasty has obvious skills and tricks, and most of them appear in the form of routines. The Han Dynasty was a period of great development of Wushu, which formed a variety of technical styles. For example, the "martial arts" in Records of Han Art and Literature include 13 and 199, both of which are martial arts monographs on "learning hands and feet, arranging equipment, accumulating organs, winning attack and defense". During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent, and bureaucrats and nobles indulged in feasting or pursuing immortality, and their influence also penetrated into the lives of all walks of life. For example, they regarded the sword as a mysterious musical instrument, and even replaced it with wood blade, and replaced martial arts with absurd heresy, which led to the stagnation of martial arts. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with the development and prosperity of feudal society and economy, martial arts re-emerged, and Tiangang Boxing became popular in the early Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the martial arts system began to be implemented, and those who were outstanding in martial arts were given corresponding titles through examinations, such as "fierce yin", "skillful hands", "skillful hands" and "people with broken feet". There are certain criteria for obtaining each title. For example, a "vicious man" wants to "have a bow with five arrows, and a spear and halberd can be used well ..." ("Wu Beizhi? Too white and silent? "Selected Scholars" article 16). This system of selecting talents through examinations has promoted Wushu activities in society. At this time, in the Tang Dynasty, Arabs began to settle in China in large numbers, resulting in the Hui nationality, and Hui martial arts began to take shape. With the development of riding, Ge and Ji were gradually eliminated on the battlefield. As a military technology, sword is mostly replaced by knife, but as a routine exercise, it is still developing. Folk Wushu organizations appeared in Song Dynasty, such as "Championship Club" (crossbow shooting), "British Club" (baton making) and "Jiao Jiao Club" (sumo wrestling). These societies, because of their simplicity, "created their own martial arts skills such as bladeless guns, bamboo standard rows, wooden bows and knives, Artemisia arrows" (Song History 19 1). In the city, according to "Twelve Capitals of Dongting", fighting martial arts in the streets and lanes is very lively. Performing martial arts includes gladiator, fist, kick, stick, cudgel, sword and gun dance, sword and crossbow shooting, etc. Fighting is called "condom fighting", including "gun against card" and "sword against card". At this time, collective events also developed rapidly. For example, The Record of Tokyo Dream has been published for seven years: "Two people dance in pairs. However, the antagonistic attack and defense technology gradually declined due to the influence of Song Neo-Confucianism advocating "main quietness". Wudang disciples practice martial arts in Hanfu. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty told people that ... more than twenty people were not allowed to hunt "(Volume III of Yuan Jie Hunger), and even holding weapons was a crime. Martial arts are taught by secret family heirlooms, risking their lives. At this time, Hui Wushu began to develop rapidly. The Ming Dynasty was a period of great development of Wushu, and technical schools had different styles. Boxing and equipment have been developed, especially the past martial arts experience has been summarized theoretically. Representative works include "Ji Xiao Shu Xin", "Wu Pian" and "Disabled Skill". These works record the genre, evolution, action names, characteristics, action methods and technical theories of boxing and instruments to varying degrees, and some are accompanied by songs and action diagrams. During the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, Hongwu Boxing became popular, which provided an important foundation for future generations to learn martial arts. In the Qing Dynasty, Wushu was forbidden by the rulers, and it was taught by the people in the form of secret clubs and gymnasiums. Among them, most famous boxing styles, such as Tai Ji Chuan, Bagua Palm, Xingyiquan, Baji Boxing and Guagua Boxing, were formed in Qing Dynasty. Hui Wushu is widely spread and has great influence. By the Qing Dynasty, people knew more and more about the Hui people, and there was a famous saying, "The Hui people in China are brave, and their surname is ha." Evaluation. During the Republic of China, various boxing clubs appeared in the society, which played a positive role in the spread and development of Wushu. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Wushu, as an excellent national heritage, was inherited, sorted out and improved, and Wushu associations at all levels were established one after another. The state has set up special institutions to carry out Wushu and listed Wushu as an official competition. 1953 held the 1 national sports performance competition conference, and then held many national Wushu competitions or performance conferences. In order to promote the popularization and improvement of Wushu, the state has organized the compilation of prescribed routines for competitions, the compilation of primary routines required for mass Wushu activities and the simplification of Tai Ji Chuan, the publication of Wushu books and wall charts, and the shooting of Wushu movies and videos. In order to explore the value of Wushu, we also organized physiological measurement and research to make it scientific step by step. In addition, various institutes and departments of physical education have set up martial arts courses and specialized courses, and martial arts has been listed as the teaching content of physical education class in universities, primary schools and middle schools. Martial arts classes are also offered in amateur sports schools for young people, and various forms of martial arts tutoring stations have been set up by local martial arts associations.

We martial arts disciples, and even all China people, should remember that Bruce Lee, a great master, translated the word "martial arts" in English for the first time. His life also made foreigners respect and fear China martial arts, and the charm of China martial arts and the spirit of China people surprised foreigners. Make Wushu set off a new wave in China and even the world.