What facilities are needed for multi-crop stereoscopic cultivation in North China?

In the south of China, it is warmer in winter, and many vegetables can overwinter in the open air. When multi-crops and three-dimensional cultivation are carried out, as with single cultivation, other additional facilities increase less.

In North China, the summer growth period is short, so it is necessary to extend the growth period if multiple cropping and three-dimensional cultivation are carried out, which requires the establishment of some protective facilities. For example, the three-dimensional cultivation model of early-maturing tomato interplanting with Chinese cabbage in Shandong Province. Cabbage and tomatoes should be heated in a small arch shed at the beginning of planting. Cabbage and tomato seedlings should also be raised on the sunny side of the wind barrier. After the late frost, remove the small arch shed and cultivate it in the open space. This method requires protective facilities such as wind barriers and small arch sheds. In the autumn of open cultivation, in order to extend the growing period, it is necessary to establish facilities such as plastic large, medium and small sheds.

(1) wind to the sunny side

When multi-crop stereoscopic cultivation is carried out in the open field, for warm-loving vegetables or other vegetables, wind barrier greenhouses are generally used to raise seedlings. Sometimes it is also used to grow short vegetables.

(1) The wind barrier greenhouse is a short-term fixed facility, which requires investment. The use time is from Shandong Province 10 to May of the following year, with a period of half a year. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a place with lee and sun, high and dry terrain, good drainage, convenient irrigation and convenient transportation. The border faces southeast and south. The canopy of the wind barrier consists of the wind barrier, the cultivation bed before the wind barrier, and the transparent and opaque covers on the bed. The width of the cultivation bed is generally 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and the length is 22.5 ~ 30m.

(2) The performance and application of wind shear in Beijing and Jinan, the lowest temperature in June 5438+ 10 is 3 ~ 5℃, the lowest temperature in February can be stabilized above 5℃, and the lowest temperature in early March is above 8℃. The light intensity in the shelter is 50% ~ 60% of that in the open field. In the case of weak sunshine and short sunshine time in winter and early spring, the light intensity in the shelter is generally insufficient.

From the above functions, it can be seen that there is no problem in raising warm-loving vegetables in wind barrier greenhouses in North China after February. Seedling raising of cold-tolerant vegetables can be carried out in winter.

(2) Plastic shed

Plastic shed is a low protective facility made of plastic film and simple bamboo pieces. It has an inefficient thermal insulation function and is a temporary covering facility. In the multiple cropping three-dimensional cultivation, early spring can play a role in advancing the planting period of vegetables, prolonging the growing period and getting on the market early.

① Construction of plastic shed (see "37". What types of plastic greenhouses are there in Sichuan Basin? " )。

② Performance and Application of Plastic Greenhouse in North China; The temperature condition of plastic greenhouse covered with grass felt is similar to that of the sunny border with wind shield. Because of the high space of the cultivation bed, it can be used for the early growth and covering of warm-loving vegetables or cold-resistant vegetables in early spring. In this way, early cultivation can achieve the purpose of prolonging the growth period, early listing and high efficiency.