How much do you know about Tao Yuanming through the two classical Chinese texts of Peach Blossom Garden?

1. In The Peach Blossom Garden, I want to talk to Tao Yuanming about the model essay in The Peach Blossom Garden, written by Xie Zhibin and Tao Yuanming of Hebei University, which is a typical work in ancient Chinese and has been selected as a middle school Chinese textbook.

There is a description of the Peach Blossom Garden in the article: the land is flat and spacious, and the houses are exactly the same. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees here. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other.

Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.

There are different views on how to understand "knowing that you are an outsider" in the article. According to Shen Hengzhong's Notes on Students with Learning Difficulties-Preparing Lessons in Classical Chinese in Middle Schools (Shanghai Education Press 1999), there are four main points: First, it has been 600 years since the Qin Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the clothes of Taoyuan people will not be the same as those of foreigners.

Perhaps the original text is wrong. "Knowing as an outsider" means "knowing as an outsider" or "having an outsider". Second, "knowing as an outsider" means "being like a person from another world".

Third, "outsiders" refer to Qin people outside Taoyuan. Fourth, "outsiders" are people outside Taoyuan.

The current middle school textbooks adopt the fourth statement, and understand "outsiders" as "outsiders". Some teachers think this understanding is unreasonable.

The reason is the same as the first statement above, that is, people in Taohuayuan have been isolated from the outside world for nearly 600 years from "ancestors avoided the chaos of Qin Dynasty and led their wives to this desperate situation". Their farming methods and dressing styles can't be the same as those of foreigners, but they should be very different. Therefore, the "outsider" in "knowing as an outsider" cannot be understood as "outsider", but should be understood as "foreigner".

This can be counted as the fifth statement. This statement is not only found among teachers, but also seen from time to time in some modern translations and notes.

For example, Xin Zheng's Selected Works of Ancient Masters (Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 2000) notes: "Outsiders: Outsiders, foreigners." We believe that "outsiders" in "knowing as outsiders" can only be interpreted as "outsiders", referring to people outside the Peach Blossom Garden, and other explanations are incorrect.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty where Tao Yuanming lived, "outsiders" were only interpreted as "outsiders" and not as "foreigners". The third meaning of "outsider" in Chinese dictionary is "outsider".

The second meaning is: "ancient refers to people outside the vassal state ... modern refers to foreigners." It can be regarded as the solution of "foreigners" and post-uprising.

It is a taboo to explain ancient words with the meaning of future generations. In The Peach Blossom Garden, "outsiders" appeared three times.

There is no doubt that the other two "outsiders" have been interpreted as "outsiders", and the "outsiders" in this sentence is no exception. The "among them" in this sentence refers to the Peach Blossom Spring, so the corresponding "outsiders" can only refer to people outside the Peach Blossom Spring.

People have doubts about this and think that this understanding is unreasonable, but they understand "outsiders" as "foreigners", "people from another world" or "Qin people outside Taoyuan", and even suspect that the original text of this sentence is wrong. Its root lies in the lack of correct understanding of syntactic structure and the usage of the word "informed". Let's talk about structure first.

The subject of this sentence is "planting in it, men and women wear clothes", and "knowing as an outsider" is the predicate. The Collection of Tao Yuanming published by Yili People's Publishing House translates this sentence into "Men and women who come and go to farm wear shoes like outsiders", which means that the syntactic structure of this sentence is wrong-they regard "coming and going to farm" as the attributive of "men and women" and "men and women's clothes" as the single subject of "being known as outsiders".

The first and third statements quoted above only take "men's and women's clothes" as the subject. Let's start with the word "notice".

"Xi", like the word "leisure" in this article "leisure to ask", is an all-encompassing adverb of scope, which is equivalent to "all" or "all". Practical dictionary of Zhonghua Book Company: "If you know it, you will be fine."

In the sentence "Some of them grow crops and men and women dress like strangers", what does the word "informed" cover-that is, its semantic orientation is "growing crops" and "clothes worn by men and women". "Knowing as an outsider" means "everyone is like an outsider".

This means that "farming" and "men's and women's clothes" are similar to those of foreigners. China Youth Publishing House and Tianjin People's Publishing House jointly published * * * "A Fine Interpretation of Classical Chinese in Junior High School" (joint edition), which translated this sentence into: "People there come and go to farm and work, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside."

Such a translation obviously does not accord with the author's original intention. This sentence has two meanings: one meaning "people coming and going are like outsiders" and the other meaning "men and women dressed like outsiders"-this is the author's original intention.

To express these two meanings in one sentence becomes "First, men and women dress like strangers." It can be seen that the word "informed" is only useful when two things are put together.

Its function is only to express comprehensiveness, which can only be understood as "all" and cannot be understood as "integrity". "Knowing as an outsider" can't be understood as "exactly the same as people outside".

It is precisely because people understand this sentence as "exactly the same as people outside" that they doubt the rationality of this sentence; The reason why people think that "outsiders" should not be interpreted as "outsiders" but should be interpreted by others is also based on this understanding. According to the structure of this sentence and the usage of the word "Xi", we think this sentence can be translated as follows: "Here, (people) come and go to farm, and (and) men and women dress like people outside."

It should be noted that we believe that the "men's and women's clothing" in the original text is from the aspect of clothing system, not specific clothing. If you refer to the specific dress, it is not only different from people outside, but also different from people in Taoyuan.

The author said in the poem of Peach Blossom Spring: "Cowpea is ancient, but clothes are not new." "system" and "law" are synonyms, and "clothes are not new" is equivalent to "clothes are still ancient"

"clothes" refers to coats; "dress" refers to the bottom dress, that is, the lower skirt. Under the coat, it is one of the main symbols of ancient clothing.

In ancient times, men and women put on their clothes and put them on. The so-called "clothes are not new" means that people in the Peach Blossom Garden have never changed their clothes.

This has important enlightenment for us to understand the sentence "men and women dress". The reason why the author wants to say "among them, men and women dress like strangers" has its profound meaning.

Yuan Hongdao, a famous literary critic in Ming Dynasty, wrote in Peach Blossom Garden.

2. Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" Ancient prose Peach Blossom Spring Dynasty: Wei and Jin Author: Tao Yuanming's original work: Jin, Thai and Yuan Dynasties, taking fishing as a profession.

Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious and English is colorful, which makes fishermen very different.

If you go any further, you will want to be poor. If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light.

Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people.

Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo.

The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers.

The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done.

Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner.

When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yunzu escaped from the Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and did not return, so he was separated from outsiders.

You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh.

The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign.

There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory." Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere.

And the county, Yi Taishou, said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost.

Liu Ziji, a noble family, heard about it and gladly did it. If you fail, you find the disease, and then you lose interest.

As for Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Su Shi thinks that Peach Blossom Garden is passed down from generation to generation, which is more than reality. What do you think of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Spring? (2) Su Shi thinks that "Peach Blossom Garden is passed down from generation to generation, which is more than reality"? Please say it briefly. (4 points)

(2)(4 points) Key points and scores: express opinions clearly 1 score, explain reasons in combination with A or B for 2 points, and express opinions 1 score.

Example 1: I think the Peach Blossom Garden is the real existence in Tao Yuanming's mind. The scenery in the Peach Blossom Garden is beautiful and uncontroversial. Although it seems to be a seemingly empty place, it is also true and false, but it is a glass of wine brewed in Tao Yuanming's heart and a beautiful yearning he left for future generations. So until today, we still use "Xanadu" to refer to the ideal realm of being isolated from the real society and living happily.

Example 2: Su Shi and I have similar views. Many legendary peach blossoms in the world are exaggerated. When Taishou discovered the Peach Blossom Garden, it had already become a place of fame and fortune. In Tao Yuanming's article, after becoming a satrap, the fisherman tried to find the Peach Blossom Garden. The result is that there is no way to find it, so that no one cares. It is because the Peach Blossom Garden is only the sustenance of his mind and ideal, not reality.

Ex. 3: I think the Peach Blossom Garden embodies Tao Yuanming's beautiful wish for an ideal world. This is not only dissatisfaction with reality, but also rejection of reality. Taohuayuan is a society where there is no tax and everyone is equal. "Yellow hair hangs down my eyes and I am happy", and all ages have something to support. This was a social ideal of intellectuals at that time. Although it is unlikely to be realized, it has its positive significance.

4. Looking at Tao Yuanming from the Peach Blossom Garden, a philosopher once said, "A person has been dreaming for half a day." Can this sentence also be understood as "people have been dreaming for half their lives" I don't know what other people fantasize about, but Tao Yuanming showed us his ideal world. It is a place full of flowers, a place without class distinction. Everyone's gains are in direct proportion to their efforts. They create everything with their own hands. Although full of gamey smell, but also full of human touch.

There are many reasons why this aesthetic social atmosphere has not been formed for thousands of years, and one of them is that human nature is selfish. Maybe I'm being too extreme. After all, my social circle is so much. I've only seen so much, and I've never heard of other beauties and ugliness. So I can only talk about this problem in a very simple way.

When I was a child, I thought I was a competitive and possessive child. I always want what I want, from grabbing toys with my brother to grabbing erasers with my deskmate, from arguing with my teacher about the right answer to arguing with my tutor. It seems that I have never wronged myself. However, the opponents at that time were so kind and friendly. Forget the past and restore the original peace. With the growth of age, this competitive desire decreases day by day, and it seems to live in peace with the world. It is on this day that I can see those ugly desires more clearly. It turns out that the situation of "the authorities are fascinated, the onlookers see clearly" will also be staged in my life. Those little people who are friendly on the surface and heartless behind them; Cowards who bully the weak with arrogance; People who think they have money.

Hypocrite ... I didn't see all this with my own eyes, otherwise I would be more cynical, but I began to doubt the truth of the world after hearing about it for a long time. Indeed, I often see things floating on the water, because I float on the water, and the muddy sea makes everything unclear, so those distant faces always seem very kind, because no one knows if they are masks, and the faces under the masks are even more unclear, and I don't want to find them. Floating on it has the advantage of floating on it, and those filthy, ugly and unsightly things can be invisible. Although I know this is a cowardly act, when I want to touch them, I can't tear off the mask of the new couple as I imagined. I'm afraid to see what I don't want to see, so I have to escape as far away as possible.

So when I saw Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, I couldn't help being deeply moved by the scenery of this paradise, the people who live and work in peace and contentment, and the happy and peaceful life. Without exploitation and oppression, everyone has the right to freedom and equality. They work at sunrise, rest at sunset and live a quiet life. All this makes me deeply yearn for it now. Although it is a fictional world, it gives me unlimited imagination. It seems that those dark societies submerged in water are just a nightmare I had. When I wake up, the beautiful scenery outside the window is still full of vitality. I didn't expect anything, but asked, "Lord, please wake up my dream."

5. Ask Tao Yuanming, the eighth grade People's Education Edition, the second volume of Peach Blossom Garden, and the answer to the translation of ancient Chinese. In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a Wuling man who made a living by fishing. (used to be a fisherman) rowed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly I met a peach blossom forest, which grew on both sides of the stream and stretched for hundreds of steps. There are no other trees in the middle. Flowers and plants are bright and beautiful everywhere, and there are countless fallen flowers, which is a mess. The fisherman was very surprised by this. The fisherman rowed forward again, trying to row to the end of the forest.

At the end of Taolin at the source of the stream, a mountain appeared. There is a small hole on the hillside, and there seems to be light in it. The fisherman jumped off the boat and got in through the hole. At first, the mouth of the cave was so narrow that only one person could pass through. The fisherman took dozens of steps forward and suddenly became wide and bright from the narrow darkness. There are flat and wide land, rows of neat houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo forests and so on. Fields and paths are connected, and chickens and dogs hear each other. People come from one village to another to farm and work. Men and women wear the same clothes as people outside. Old people and children are very at ease and happy.

When he saw the fisherman, he was very surprised and asked him where he came from. After giving them detailed answers, people invited the fisherman to their home and treated him with wine and chicken. When the villagers heard that there was such a guest, they all came to inquire about the news. According to themselves, their ancestors (in order to) avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, brought their wives, children and fellow villagers to this isolated place and never went out again, thus being isolated from the outside world. They asked (the fisherman) what dynasty it was, but (they) didn't even know the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The fisherman told (the people in the Peach Blossom Garden) everything he knew in detail, and (they) were all surprised. The rest invited the fisherman to their home separately, and they all took out food and wine to entertain him. (Fisherman) stayed for a few days and then asked for leave. The people inside told him, "Don't tell anyone outside!"

When the fisherman comes out, find his boat, go back along the previous road and mark it everywhere. When the fishermen arrived in Wuling County, they went to visit the Taishou and reported the situation. The satrap immediately sent someone to accompany him to find the mark he had made before, and as a result, he got lost and couldn't find the way to the Peach Blossom Garden again. Liu Ziji, an aristocrat and celebrity in Nanyang, heard about it and happily planned to visit it. No results, soon fell ill and died. Since then, there have been no visitors.