Urgent! When ancient people met someone they didn't know and wanted to ask for their name, how should they ask?

1. Honorific title

Respectful title, also called honorific title, is a title that shows respect for the other party in conversation. The words used to express honorific title are called respectful words.

By respect There are three types of parts of speech:

(1) It is a pronoun used directly to express honorific address, usually a monosyllabic word. Commonly used ones include "Ru, Er, Zi, Er, Gong, Jun", etc. All of these can be translated as "you."

(2) Use nouns to replace words to address each other. These words are all two-syllable words. This kind of address has three forms: the general honorific is "Mr. "My son", etc.; you can also use the place where the other party is or the people under your command to represent the other party. Commonly used ones are "Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Excellency, Deacon, Right and Left", etc.; there are also people who address the other party respectfully by their official status, such as "King, doctor, general, "Young Master", etc. These nouns can also be translated as "you". His Majesty is specifically called the monarch and the emperor, and it does not need to be translated, and the official status does not need to be translated.

(3) Use adjectives to refer to the other party. Character behavior, this kind of word is usually a two-syllable word, the former is an adjective, and the latter is a noun related to the character. Common ones are:

Zun: respect the house, respect the brother, respect the driver, respect the wife ;

Xian: A good brother, a good wife

Ren: A kind brother, a kind brother

Gui: Your body (meaning of greeting), your surname, your Geng;

Gao: high friend, high relative, high neighbor, high opinion;

Da: great gift, great work, great honor.

These words generally do not require translation.

These respectful terms have changed with the development of society. The above two cases are basically no longer used now; while the third type is still commonly used. These terms are both respectful and cordial. The language atmosphere is also very harmonious.

2. Modesty

Modesty refers to modesty. The word used to express modesty is called Qian Ci. It can be understood in two situations.

One is to use certain nouns to replace the word "I", which can be divided into the following four categories:

One is to use one's surname or first name to express modesty. "Su Zi and his guests were boating under Red Cliff." ("Chibi Fu") uses the surname; "Ji's father heard more about your seven days of mourning." ("Ji Twelve Lang Wen") uses the first name. >The second type refers to oneself as "a servant, a servant, a certain person, a villain" to express apology for "this misfortune happened to a servant". "("Report to Ren An") "A certain person has been familiar with military literature since he was a child. "("Lost Street Pavilion")

The third category is that women often use "concubine, maid, slave, slave maidservant" to express their apology. "They are both forced, so are you and your concubines. "("The Peacock Flies Southeast")

The four categories are commonly used by monarchs: "Idiot (a person with little gain), Bubo (a bad person), Gu (a lonely person)" to express humility. In the country, all the heart and ears are devoted." ("Mencius: King Hui of Liang, Part 1")

These modest titles can all be translated as "I".

The other is to use certain words to call people related to you. These words are all two-syllable compound words and the previous word modifies the following word. Judging from the part of speech of the modifying word, it can be divided into three situations.

First, it is modified with adjectives to show humility. Common ones are:

Yu: Yu brother, Yu brother (both words mean "I"), Yu Jian, Yu Meaning (both "foolish" can be translated as "my").

We: our country, our city ("we" is equivalent to "my").

Bile: humble body, humble body, humble breath (calling one’s son in front of the king and emperor), humble wife (calling one’s wife). ["Bitch" is equivalent to "my"]

小: 小女,小儿,小小.

Wei: a humble minister

Humble: humble position.

The second is to use verbs to modify it and use behavior to express humility. Common ones are:

Plagiarism: steal thoughts, steal thoughts, steal stories. ("Stealing" can be translated as privately)

Fu: Fu Wei (lying on the ground and thinking. Used when expressing thoughts to superiors or juniors to elders), Fu Wen. (“Fu heard that the Holy Dynasty governed the world with filial piety.

""Chen Qing Biao")

The third is to modify it with nouns to show humility. When referring to one's elder brother humbly in front of others, use "家", "Father of the family, Jun of the family, respect of the family, and strictness of the family." " can be used to refer to one's father; "Jia Mu, Jia Ci" refers to one's mother; "Jia Xiong" refers to one's elder brother. "She" is used to address relatives who are younger or lower in seniority than oneself in front of others, and "She's brother" is used to refer to one's own father. "" is one's younger brother, ""she's nephew" is one's nephew. "家" and "家" can both be translated as "my".

With the development of society, these modest terms have become more and more popular. Big changes. The first situation is basically no longer used, and the second situation is still used in part.

3. Other titles

Self-proclaimed is how you call yourself in front of others. . Emperors call themselves "little people", old people call themselves "old men", young people call themselves "little brothers" in front of older people, monks call themselves "poor monks", and ordinary people call themselves "humble people".

He refers to others by calling them "bridesmaids" and "ladies" who accompany the bride. In ancient times, "madam" was called the wives of princes, and later it was used to address the wives of ordinary people and the elderly. A man is called "Lao Zhang", and a young man is called "Lang Jun". All honorifics belong to him.

Condescending names are used to call others in a contemptuous tone, such as "Shuzi, Xiaozi, Nvliu". ”

Proper names are certain conventional titles. For example, calling a woodcutter a “woodcutter”, a boatman a “boatman”, and calling an outstanding figure in a country a “national scholar”.

Methods are the use of other titles to replace the original titles. For example, "heroine" is used to refer to a woman, "liyuan" is used to refer to a theater troupe, and "actor" is used to refer to a comedian.

Usual names refer to someone by a conventional title. For example, "Laozi" refers to Laozi (Li Er) and Zhuangzi (Zhuangzhou) and their theories, and "Jiaohandaoshou" refers to Mengjiao and Jiadao. /p>

Titles for people of different ages

A newborn is called a baby, and a girl who is under one year old is called a child. 7-year-old boys are called Shaonian.

13-15 years old are called Dancing Years.

15 to 20 years old is called the Year of the Dancing Elephant.

12-year-old girl is called the Golden Hairpin Year.

Girls are called the Cardamom Year. The age of 15 is called the age of hairpins.

The age of 16 is called the age of jade.

The age of 20 is called the age of peach and plum.

The age of 24 is called the age of flowers. Ticket? The year of plum blossom.

The age of 30 is called the year of establishment.

The age of 40 is called the year of prosperity. >

The age of 50 is called the year of fortune.

The age of 60 is called the age of sixty or the age of ears.

The age of 70 is called the age of old age.

It is called the year of the Zang Dynasty.

The age of 80 to 90 years old is the age of 100 years old.

In addition, Childhood is also called Zongjiao or Chuibi, teenagers are called Bunfa, women waiting to be married are called Tai Nian or Tai Zi, old age is called Haoshou or Baishou, long-lived old people are called Huangfa, etc.

Social terms and terms of friendship

When meeting for the first time, say "Jiu Yang"; when waiting for a guest, use "Kingwai";

When the other party writes a letter, say "Huishu"; when inviting someone Use "please" to help;

Use "please" to ask someone to do something; use "enlightenment" to ask for advice;

Use "high opinion" to praise someone's opinion; use "forgiveness" to ask for forgiveness. ;

Use "longevity" when asking an old person's age; "come here" when a guest comes;

use "farewell" when saying goodbye to someone; use "visit" when visiting others;

Don't use "stay" to ask someone to send you something; say "bother" to trouble others;

Use "borrow light" to ask for convenience; use "ask for advice" to ask for advice;

Welcome to buy It’s called “patronize”; it’s been a long time since we’ve seen each other, it’s “long time no see”;

It’s called “compensation” for leaving in the middle; it’s called “xiuzheng” when giving away works.

Polite names among relatives and friends

Parents are called Gaotang, Chunxuan, parents, and knees.

Parents are called father, family strict; mother, family loving.

After the death of the father, he was called: "Xianfu, Xianyan, Xiankao".

After the death of the mother, she is called: late mother, first loving-kindness, and first heir.

Brothers and sisters call themselves brother, brother, sister, or sister.

Brothers are called Kunzhong and Sizu.

Husband and wife are called husband and wife, spouse, and partner.

The names of deceased peers are: deceased brother, deceased brother, deceased sister, deceased wife.

Other people’s parents call them: Your Majesty, Your Majesty.

Although brother and sister are called brother and sister.

Although people's children are called: son and daughter.

The wife's father is called: father-in-law, father-in-law, Taishan.

Other people’s families are called: Fushang, Zunfu.

The names of my family are: Humble House, House, and Thatched Cottage.

Men and women are collectively called men: men are called men, and women are called women.

The death of five parties in the couple means: widowed.

The teacher is called: mentor and master.

Students are called disciples and students.

The school is called: Hanchuang, Jichuang.

Classmates are called classmates.

A small collection of ancient age titles

Infant: less than one year old.

Children: two to three years old.

The first and sixth years: a girl is seven years old.

The beginning of the year: the boy is eight years old.

Explanation: According to the physiological conditions, boys change their teeth when they are eight years old and girls turn seven years old. They lose their deciduous teeth and grow permanent teeth. This time is called "nian", "nian" or "nian".

General angle: a general term for childhood.

The year of hanging bun: refers to children. (In ancient times, children’s hair drooped, which was extended to refer to minors.)

Huangkou: under ten years old.

Kindergarten: Ten years old. ("Book of Rites·Qu Lishang": "The ten years of life are called youth and learning." Because there is no punctuation in ancient writing, people intercepted the word "Youxue" as the name for ten years old.)

Jin Chai Year: The girl is twelve years old.

The Cardamom Years: The woman is thirteen years old.

Zhixue: Fifteen years old. (The Analects of Confucius: Confucius said: "I am fifteen years old and determined to learn...")

Hairlock: The woman is fifteen years old. ("The Book of Rites·Nei Principles": "A woman's hairpin is only fifteen years old.")

The year of the jade, the year of breaking the melon: the woman is sixteen years old. (In the old days, literati used the word "melon" to indicate the year of twenty-eight, which means sixteen years old. It was mostly used for women.)

Weak crown: twenty years old. ("Book of Rites·Qu Li 1": "Twenty means weak crown.")

Peach and Plum Years: A woman is twenty years old.

Flower years: The woman is twenty-four years old.

Eli: Thirty years old.

Buhuo: Forty years old.

Destiny: fifty years old. (The Analects of Confucius: Confucius said: "When I was fifteen, I was determined to learn; when I was thirty, I stood firm; when I was forty, I was not confused; when I was fifty, I knew the destiny of heaven; when I was sixty, my ears were obedient; when I was seventy, I followed my heart's desires without going beyond the rules.")

The age of Zhifei: fifty years old. ("Huainanzi·Yuan Daoxun": "Boyu was fifty years old, but there were forty-nine years that were not.

"It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Wei Kingdom, there was a boy named Boyu who constantly reflected on himself. When he was fifty years old, he realized the mistakes he had made in the previous forty-nine years. Later generations used the name "Zhi Fei" to refer to fifty years old.)

The year of Ershun and Sixty Years Old: Sixty years old (Since ancient times, our country has used heavenly stems and earthly branches to coordinate with each other, which can form sixty pairs of stems and branches, so it is called "Sixty Stems" or "Sixty Years Old", so sixty years old is also called "Sixty Stems" or "Sixty Years Old". Called the "year of sixty")

Seventy years old: (Du Fu's "Two Poems of Qujiang": "Drinking debts are commonplace, and seventy years of life are rare.")

Old age: eighty or ninety years old. ("Book of Rites·Quli": "Eighty-ninety is called old age." Based on this explanation, people use the two characters together to refer to eighty or ninety years old.)

Qiyi: A person who is a hundred years old ("Book of Rites·Quli": "A hundred years is called Qiyi." It means that life lasts for hundreds of years, so a hundred years is called "the year of Qiyi." Yuan The scholar Chen Hao explained: "Life lasts for a hundred years, so it is called period; food and daily life are all about nourishment, so it is called Yi.")

Men and women are collectively called: men are called men, and women are called women.

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The five spouses are called widowed.

The teacher is called: mentor, master.

The student is called: disciple.