When is garlic planted? What kind of planting methods are used? How to manage after planting?

For most parts of China, it is the planting period of autumn sowing garlic. When is garlic planted? Which planting method is more reasonable? How to carry out field management after planting to improve yield? These are topics that garlic farmers are more concerned about. Today we will talk about the cultivation method of garlic.

First, the determination of garlic sowing date

Garlic sowing is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, which is determined by the climatic conditions in the open field in winter. Because garlic is a long-day crop, generally speaking, the quality of autumn sowing garlic is better than that of spring sowing garlic because of its long growth period.

1. Determination of garlic sowing date in spring

The basis for determining the sowing date of garlic in spring is to ensure the completion of low-temperature vernalization, as well as the germination of garlic seeds and the development of roots. In order to prolong the growth period, sowing should be done sooner rather than later. Because the dormant garlic cloves can germinate at 3~5℃, as long as the local temperature reaches 3~6℃, they can be planted.

2. Determination of garlic sowing date in autumn.

The optimum temperature for garlic clove germination is 16℃~20℃. When the average temperature of a day drops to 7℃ or below, garlic stops growing. According to this characteristic, the most suitable sowing date of garlic in autumn is when the daily average temperature is 20~22℃, which can ensure that garlic can grow about 5 leaves before overwintering. At this time, garlic seedlings have the strongest cold resistance, which can ensure garlic to survive the winter smoothly.

The following table lists the best sowing date of garlic in different regions for garlic farmers' reference:

Second, the choice of garlic planting methods

There are three sowing methods of garlic, namely, flat border sowing, high ridge sowing and plastic film mulching border sowing. As far as stubble is concerned, generally speaking, in order to facilitate freezing water irrigation and overwintering management, garlic planted in autumn is mainly planted in border; Garlic sown in spring can be planted on ridges or beds.

1, level planting

General frame width is1.5 ~ 2m. After the border surface is finished, a shallow ditch of 5-6 ㎝ is made from one side of the border surface with a corner hoe or a trowel at a certain row spacing, and then seed petals are placed at a certain plant spacing to facilitate soil covering. After the whole border is sown, it shall be properly pressed and leveled along the surface.

2, high ridge sowing

There are two sowing forms: first ridge sowing and first ridge sowing.

Ridge before sowing: after soil preparation, ridge, open two sowing ditches according to row spacing, sow according to plant spacing and cover the soil. Sowing first, then ridging: leveling the land, then ridging, ditching according to the width, with the narrow row width of 40㎝ and the narrow row depth of 1.5㎝. After sowing in the ditch according to the planting density, cover the soil above the wide row to make high ridges. Wide rows become furrows and narrow rows become high ridges. 3. Border sowing with plastic film mulching

First, ditch the border, sow or punch holes as needed, and then cover it with plastic film.

No matter which planting method is adopted, plastic film mulching cultivation is recommended. Practice has proved that plastic film mulching cultivation can significantly improve the environmental conditions for garlic growth, promote the growth and development of garlic, and advance the harvest time while increasing the yield.

Third, the preparation work before sowing

The preparation work before garlic sowing mainly includes soil preparation, base fertilizer application, border planting, seed selection and seed treatment.

1, soil preparation, fertilization and border tillage

Whether sowing in spring or autumn, soil preparation and fertilization should be carried out before sowing, and ridges should be made according to the selected cultivation methods. Garlic is a fertilizer-loving crop. In the application of fertilizer, what is it generally? Nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and most of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer.

Fertilization should be flexibly mastered according to local soil conditions, and formula fertilization can be implemented if conditions permit. Generally, 3000~4000㎏ of high-quality manure or 50~ 100㎏ urea 20㎏ diammonium phosphate 30㎏ potassium sulfate 30㎏ or 15- 18 are applied per mu.

2. Seed selection and seed treatment

In the choice of garlic varieties, it is necessary to choose varieties suitable for local cultivation, which is the premise of whether garlic can obtain higher yield. In the specific seed selection, garlic seeds are required to be hard, full, complete in terminal buds, free from damage and diseases and insect pests, and treated in grades. Graded sowing can ensure the uniformity of plants and facilitate later management. Seed petals should be treated before sowing to promote the germination and rooting of garlic and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

1, break the flip and remove the heel.

In order to prevent seed petals from affecting water absorption and prevent new roots from appearing after sowing, the stem heel (stem disc) should be peeled off in combination with seed selection during sowing, which is beneficial to garlic rooting and seedling emergence.

2. Seed soaking treatment

Seed soaking is not necessary and can be used flexibly. There are three kinds of seed soaking: warm water soaking, fertilizer soaking and drug soaking.

Soak the seeds in warm water: before sowing, dry the garlic seeds for 2-3 days, then soak them in warm water at 40℃ for 24 hours and change the water for 2-3 times. Keep the water temperature constant when soaking seeds, and dry for about 4 hours before sowing. Soaking seeds with fertilizer solution: Soaking seeds with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 6 hours can enhance the vitality of seed petals, promote early germination, and significantly improve early maturity and yield. Seed soaking with chemicals: Seed soaking with chemicals is mainly selected in areas with soil-borne diseases, and can be used in conjunction with seed soaking with chemical fertilizer solution. The formula of seed soaking solution is 1000 parts of water +3 parts of carbendazim or mancozeb or thiophanate-methyl +3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Put peeled garlic seeds into a net bag, soak them in seed soaking solution for 4-6 hours, take them out, spread them out to dry, and then sow. It should be noted that soaking seeds is not suitable for arid areas with poor irrigation conditions, which will easily lead to water loss in garlic cloves being absorbed by the soil, but will hinder germination and rooting.

Fourth, sowing garlic.

Before sowing garlic, we must first determine the sowing density and sowing management.

1, determination of sowing density

Reasonable sowing density is the key measure for high quality and high yield of garlic, and various factors should be fully considered.

Determine the planting density according to the production purpose: generally, garlic shoots are mainly produced, the suitable row spacing is 14~ 17㎝, the plant spacing is 7~8㎝, and the seed consumption per mu is about 200; The suitable row spacing is 18~20㎝, the plant spacing is 12~ 15㎝, and the seed consumption per mu is about135; The suitable row spacing is 16~28㎝, the plant spacing is 12~ 13㎝, and the yield per mu is about 200. The planting density is determined according to the maturity period: because of the short growth period of early-maturing varieties, the density is relatively high, and the general row spacing is14. Mid-and late-maturing varieties have long growth period, tall plants and relatively low density, with row spacing 16~ 18㎝, plant spacing 10㎝, and dosage per mu150. 2. Sowing garlic.

As for the sowing method, it has been said at the beginning that the following points should be guaranteed in order to achieve the goal of neat and strong seedlings, whether it is ridge farming or ridge farming.

As the saying goes, right? Deep onion and shallow garlic? The suitable planting depth of garlic is generally 3~5㎝. There are two ways to sow: one is planting, that is, after the petals are inserted into the soil, cover the soil firmly; Second, after ditching and sowing, it is slightly practical to cover the soil and water it. The principle to be grasped when sowing is the same depth, the same garlic clove size and the same covering soil. In principle, after sowing, the garlic cloves are 2-3 ㎝ from the soil surface and 4㎝ between ridges.

When placing garlic cloves, gently press them into loose soil, not too hard, so as not to damage the hair roots of garlic cloves, which is prone to seedling shortage. When placing garlic seeds, the connecting line between the back and abdomen of garlic petals should be parallel to the direction of sowing line, so as to ensure that the distribution direction of plant leaves after emergence is perpendicular to the direction of sowing line, which is beneficial to receiving more sunlight.

3. Plastic film covering

There are three ways to cover garlic with plastic film. Sow before watering, and cover with plastic film in time after spraying herbicide. 2, watering and spraying herbicides after sowing, and covering with plastic film when the temperature drops to about 65438+/-06 DEG C; The third is to cover garlic seeds with plastic film first, and cover the soil according to the plant spacing, which is suitable for late sowing garlic fields and can effectively improve the ground temperature.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) field management of garlic

The growth and development of garlic can be divided into six stages: germination stage, seedling stage, flower bud and scale bud differentiation stage, garlic bolting stage, bulb expansion stage and physiological dormancy stage, of which five stages are spent in the field. In specific management, field management measures should be implemented according to the growth and development characteristics of different stages.

1, germination and seedling management

According to different garlic varieties, the emergence stage is also very different. Early-maturing varieties can generally emerge in about 7 days, and late-maturing varieties generally need to reach 15 days or more. The core task of field management in this period is to create suitable conditions for the germination and excavation of garlic cloves.

Water management: The main measure is to water garlic seeds immediately after sowing to make them closely contact with the soil. If the soil surface is hardened before emergence, you can water it once. But the soil should not be too wet, otherwise it will cause root rot, rotten mother and so on. In case of heavy rain, garlic planted in autumn should be drained in time when it accumulates water in the field. Weeding: Weeding time should be after sowing and before emergence. The pesticide can be 33% pendimethalin EC 250ml/ mu, sprayed on the border and lightly raked, so as to promote the liquid medicine to mix into the soil and enhance the weeding effect. In plastic film mulching cultivation, after sowing and watering, herbicide should be sprayed on the border before plastic film mulching. 2. Garlic seedling management

The environment and management of autumn sowing garlic and spring sowing garlic are different.

Autumn sowing garlic: The seedling stage of autumn sowing garlic is spent in winter. Miao Zhuang should be ensured before overwintering to ensure safe overwintering. The specific management measures are as follows: when the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, apply seedling fertilizer, topdressing urea10 per mu, first apply fertilizer and then water, then intertillage to loosen the soil and squat the seedlings to promote the root system to be firmly tied. Pouring frozen water before soil freezing, and covering straw after pouring frozen water in conditional areas is beneficial to heat preservation and moisture retention, and is beneficial to the smooth overwintering of seedlings. Spring sowing garlic: the main task of spring sowing garlic at seedling stage is to prevent the mother petal from rotting prematurely, because the nutrients needed for the growth of garlic seedlings at seedling stage are mainly supplied by the mother petal. The specific management measures are weeding in time to prevent soil hardening. When the seedlings grow to 2~3 leaves, deep hoeing means that the root system is in the downward rooting stage, and deep hoeing will not hurt the roots; Mow again every 4~5 days, which can loosen the soil and raise the ground temperature. In the future, due to the lateral growth of roots, shallow hoes should be used when hoeing the ground. 3. Field management of garlic scale bud and flower bud differentiation period.

During this period, the nutrients in the petals of seeds are consumed by the growth of seedlings and begin to rot or even disappear. Bad mother? . The absorption of nutrients gradually turned to soil supply. At this time, with the thickening of pseudostems and the growth of roots, the demand for nutrients increased rapidly. Bad mother? Water and fertilize in time.

Sow garlic in autumn: After the second year's greening, apply greening fertilizer in combination with watering, and topdressing urea 20㎏ or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer 15㎏ per mu to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of seedlings after greening and promote the differentiation of scale buds and flower buds. Early-maturing varieties and warm climate areas can be properly watered and fertilized in advance. Spring-sown garlic: Spring-sown garlic has a short development period. In principle, it should be watered and fertilized in advance. 4. Management of extension period of garlic bolt

From the end of flower bud differentiation to the harvest of garlic bolts, the length of this period is closely related to varieties and climatic conditions.

Autumn sowing garlic: With the acceleration of flower stem elongation, the demand for nutrients also increases. The vigorous period of flower stem elongation is also the vigorous period of garlic nutrition growth, and the nutrient absorption of garlic bolts reaches its peak at harvest. Therefore, the nutrition supply in this period is particularly important. When the garlic sprouts grow to. Show your tail? That is, when the tip of the involucre extends out of the leaf sheath, it should be combined with watering and fertilization, and the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied for 20-30 ㎏ per mu, and the soil in the field should be kept moist, and watering should be stopped 3-4 days before the young garlic shoots are harvested. Spring-sown garlic: After the flower bud differentiation of spring-sown garlic, the flower stem elongation speed is also faster due to the rapid temperature rise. When the young garlic shoots are exposed, the garlic has entered the swelling stage, and the demand for nutrients is great, so it needs topdressing and watering in time. 5. Management of Bulb Expansion Period of Garlic

After the garlic bolt was harvested, the growth of garlic leaves basically stopped, and the bulb expanded into a vigorous period. After about half a month, the leaves began to wither and fall off. The key point of management in this period is to prevent garlic from premature decline. Field management should extend the life of leaves and roots as much as possible to maintain the ability to absorb and make nutrients, and at the same time promote the transfer of nutrients to bulbs and garlic hypertrophy.

The specific management measures are to water the garlic shoots in time after harvest, and then irrigate them with small water frequently. The benefits of watering are to keep soil moisture, reduce ground temperature and promote garlic expansion, as the agricultural proverb says? Miss kind of garlic and sink in the mud? That's the truth. Stopping watering 5~7 days before garlic harvest is beneficial to the storage of harvested garlic.

When pouring top water, top fertilizer should be applied according to nutrient supply. Topdressing urea 10~ 15㎏ and potassium sulfate 5~ 10㎏ per mu, and combining with soil fertilization, spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaves can greatly increase garlic yield.

Whether garlic planting can obtain better yield and quality depends on planting methods, planting seasons, varieties and whether field management measures are in place. When planting garlic, garlic farmers should fully understand the characteristics of garlic, and then assist the supporting management measures to lay a solid foundation for high yield of garlic.