Exploring the story behind the gold medal in the Beijing Winter Olympics: there are big articles in Fu Na's "technical work"

As of February 10, China team won "3 gold and 3 silver" in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.

Behind China athletes' efforts to win gold and silver, there are many key teams. They overcame the international technical blockade of China, achieved the breakthrough of "ice and snow technology" in China, and laid the foundation for the snow work in the Beijing Winter Olympics.

Snow service technology faces blockade

Snow like ice is a major feature of alpine ski slopes. In order to ensure that the contestants can reach the highest speed of 130 to 140 km, the International Snow Federation has strict requirements on the hardness of the snow trail, so snow making has become a key link.

"When foreign technical teams do snow work, they basically don't let us see it. When their experts come, they will step on it and pinch it, and then tell you whether it is qualified or not. As for why it is qualified, they don't tell us this core technology. " Wang, general manager of the snow prevention key technology project team of Beijing Winter Olympics, said in an interview with CCTV.

On 20 17, Wang received the task of snow and ice protection for the Beijing Winter Olympics. At that time, the domestic track snow technology was almost blank, and with the international technical blockade of China, China could not get the parameter standard of track snow.

Looking back at the previous Winter Olympics, the Vancouver Winter Olympics on 20 10 was postponed due to the quality of snow trails, the Sochi Winter Olympics on 20 14 was postponed due to the sudden increase in temperature, and the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics on 20 18 was postponed due to strong winds and other factors.

It can be seen that it is not easy to develop ice and snow suitable for China climate and keep the track.

The team led by Wang has been in the cold for a long time, and it is difficult to tackle the problem. Hundreds of experiments have been carried out in Yabuli Ski Resort and Genting Ski Resort in Heilongjiang.

The average winter temperature in Yabuli Ski Resort is MINUS 30 degrees all the year round. Players sometimes have to overcome the low temperature of MINUS 40 degrees, get up early, measure data day and night, and develop ice-like snow measuring equipment.

The density of snow produced by ordinary snow makers is 0. 1 to 0.4g per cubic centimeter, while the density of ice-like snow needs to reach 0.65g per cubic centimeter. The process of snow and ice cover needs the diffusion of snow and the injection of water. However, the international community has always held a blockade attitude towards China on these specific parameters, such as the spreading thickness of snow and the interval between water injection.

At the Winter Olympics, different events have different requirements on the density, hardness and water content of snow. The particle size of snow will affect the structure and elasticity of the whole snow trail. The team obtained a set of valuable experimental data through experiments, and finally determined the most suitable local production scheme of the snow-like trail, and the trail successfully passed the review of the International Olympic Committee.

At this point, our team finally broke through the international technical blockade of China's ice and snow, and all the technologies from making snow to storing snow reached the international competition standards, realizing the freedom of using snow in China.

Snow prevention is very important.

In the world of ice and snow in venues, adequate and perfect snow protection is the basis for the preparation of the Winter Olympics and the key to the success of snow projects.

As a kind of snow in ski resorts, icy snow can keep the surface of ski trails in a crystalline state, which is approximately wrapped with a thin hard ice shell, ensuring the strength and elasticity of the track, just like laying a "rubber track" on the snow, effectively improving the skiing safety and performance stability of athletes.

Shougang Gu Ailing Ski Platform

In Shougang ski jumping track where Gu Ailing won the championship heroically, the snow-making work started from 202 1 to 65438+February, mainly including four stages: track body snow-making, snow storage area snow-keeping, shaping and secondary shaping team snow-making. During the whole snow-making period, the snow-making area of Shougang ski jumping track reached about 4 190 square meters, the snow storage area was 1000 square meters, and the total snow-making amount reached 1. 1.5 million cubic meters.

The snow-making work of the National Alpine Ski Center in Yanqing Division of Beijing Winter Olympics started from 20021,11October. After 75 days of fighting, more than 200 Chinese and foreign employees finally completed all the work of track snow making, snow pressing and shaping, safety protection and imitation ice snow making.

The elaborate production and maintenance of the ice and snow track is not only to ensure the safety of athletes and let them give full play to their best achievements, but also to maintain the fairness of the competition.

Snow like ice can reduce the friction between the track surface and the snowboard, and ensure that the snow track surface is not easily deformed. Even if the athletes turn at high speed, the surface of the snow trail can be ensured to be smooth and smooth. No matter how many times the player comes out, the trajectory can be in a relatively perfect state, so as to ensure the fairness of the game.

Cross-country skiing competition in Beijing Winter Olympics

Ice and Snow Technology from Subjectivity to Quantification

China's ice and snow technology can break through the blockade, which is inseparable from the research and development of ice and snow particle size measuring instrument and ice and snow hardness measuring instrument.

The above-mentioned instruments independently developed by China have turned the previous subjective judgment of ice and snow into clear and visible objective scientific indicators, enabling our team to accurately grasp the manufacturing methods of ice and snow tracks in different climates and provide skiers with safer and more comfortable tracks.

The snow protection research team of the Winter Olympics consists of China Meteorological Research Institute, Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment Resources of China Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Astronomy and Optics Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Hebei Climate Center and Yabuli Sports Training Base of Heilongjiang Province. , and undertook this national key research and development plan-"Key Technologies for Making Ice and Snow Roads under Different Climate Conditions".

The team cooperated to develop special instruments and equipment that can detect the physical parameters of ice and snow on the track-ice particle size measuring instrument and ice hardness measuring instrument. Through the scientific analysis of physical data, the quality of ice and snow tracks can be detected and judged quickly and conveniently.

In the past, the method to detect the Melissa Zhou quality of ice and snow was that the referee stepped on the track and subjectively judged whether the snow track was hard enough according to the manual experience, while the related instruments could detect the track state from multiple angles such as particle size, hardness and density, so as to quantitatively judge the snow track.

The research team also plans to apply the above instruments to polar ice sheets and play a role in the construction of scientific research stations.

At the same time, the achievements made in tackling snow problems in this Winter Olympics will not only serve the Winter Olympics, but also enable China to break through the technical blockade, master key technologies and help the future development of China's ice and snow industry.