How do I control my breathing when swimming? Why do I choke on the water so easily? It’s so sad to get it in through my nose.

1. Why is it better for beginners to start teaching backstroke?

1. The biggest difficulty for beginners in swimming: breathing problems. The breathing method when swimming is different from usual. Inhale through the mouth and exhale through the nose. If beginners accidentally drink water (or choke on water) when they are familiar with water properties, they will develop a rebellious psychology of fear of water, which often makes teaching difficult or impossible to continue. To eliminate this fear, it takes a long time, which lengthens the teaching time or cycle. Secondly, when a person is in the water, the water puts a certain amount of pressure on the chest and lungs. In backstroke, because the human body is lying on the water surface, the chest and lungs are positioned upward, which reduces the pressure on the front of the water and makes people feel more relaxed and natural.

2. According to human anatomy and people's natural living habits, when a person walks, his legs move forward left and right, and his hands naturally swing back and forth. However, backstroke only changes the body position from upright to supine, and the movements of the hands and feet are consistent with that of the human body. The usual habits are the same. Kick the water up and down with your legs, and press the water naturally downward and outward with your hands on your sides. You just change your body position.

3. Analysis based on the principles of fluid mechanics and the principle of action force and reaction force. Backstroke perfectly utilizes these two principles. According to the principles of physics: the force exerted on an object in water is related to the specific gravity of the object. The specific gravity depends on the weight and volume of the object itself. D specific gravity = p (weight) / v (volume). Due to the chest cavity, the specific gravity of the human body is related to the size of the lung ventilation. After full inhalation, the specific gravity of the human body is reduced to o. 96

g/cm3-0.99 g/cm. After full exhalation, the specific gravity can increase to 4.02 g/cm3-1.05 g/cm. Compared with the other three swimming styles, backstroke has no obvious breathing movements, making it easier for beginners to fully inhale, reduce the body's specific gravity, and obtain greater buoyancy. Furthermore, when I first learn backstroke, I lie on my back on the water surface and kick the water upward naturally with my legs, and put my hands on my side to press the water downward and outward. Because the hand presses down on the water, the hand has a force on the water, and the water has a reaction force on the hand, allowing the body to maintain a higher position and making it less likely for students to drink or choke.

4. In line with the psychological characteristics of beginners, it increases self-confidence. Most beginner swimmers are both afraid of water and love water, and have a strong desire to "conquer". Once beginners can lie on their backs on the water quickly and naturally, the psychological burden of being afraid of water will be greatly reduced. When they fail to learn other postures or encounter special situations, they will quickly lie on their backs on the water to "rescue themselves." Therefore, beginners will think that they have mastered swimming skills to a certain extent. On this basis, teaching other postures can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

2. Specific teaching methods

1. Land imitation exercises:

① Let the beginners sit by the pool first, with their feet naturally straight upwards Kick. When kicking, the thighs exert force, the thighs drive the calves, and the ankle joints are pushed upward to kick. ② Lie on your back on the ground (a sponge pad can be used if possible), put your legs in the water and perform alternate upward kicking exercises, and place your hands on your sides to perform downward and outward pressure of the water in conjunction with the movement.

2. Water exercises: The principle of water exercises is: practice kicking first. There are many ways to practice kicking. Here are a few methods that I think are the most simple and practical. ① Hold the sink with both hands behind your back, lie on your back in the water, and kick up the water with your legs naturally. After reaching a certain level of proficiency, you can use the lifesaving device to complete several backstroke kicks in the pool. With the aid of a life-saver, the aim is to elevate the head position. When kicking the legs, attention should be paid to allowing beginners to experience the action: the thighs drive the calves, naturally straighten and kick upwards, and the toes are stretched straight to kick out. ② Divide the students into two groups. One group of students holds the heads of the other group of students and lets the beginners lie flat on the water. Kick the water upwards with both legs, extend your hands parallel to the hip joints, and press the water downwards with the palms of both sides outward. It requires the body to be balanced and the legs to hit the water.

The two groups alternate and practice repeatedly. ③The tutor adopts individual tutoring methods. After the above exercises, the students have adapted to the water and have a certain understanding of it. At this time, teachers can provide individual tutoring on the basis of merit. The method is: hold the student's head, practice kicking, and try to gradually let go and let the beginner swim by himself.

After one or two such tutorials, beginners can basically float on their own and move forward slowly. ④ Once you can swim, you should emphasize the paddling movements. The practice method is to first let the students practice paddling on land. Students are required to paddle to the beat of 1-8, clap their hands downwards and press the water outwards in 1-4, and clap 5-8. Start paddling with one arm. Another 1-8 beat with another hand. After you are proficient, you can practice in the water. The paddling route starts from the bottom of the thigh, starts underwater, passes through the air and above the head, enters the water, starts by bending the arms to hold the water, with Qi as the center, and paddles to the side of the thigh. to the bottom. When you first start to cooperate underwater, you must let the students master it. First, keep the water level high and lie on your back to kick, press the water downwards and outwards with both hands, and start the next one-arm stroke when the body position is higher than usual. When the body position is in a higher and stable state, stroke the other arm with the same stroke route. By training alternately in this way, the backstroke teaching is basically over.

3. Several issues should be paid attention to

1. Body position, it is necessary to emphasize the natural straightening of the body, lie on your back in the water to form a better streamline shape, and the head position should be high.

2. Relax and do the movements. Relaxation is very helpful for beginners to improve their buoyancy, and it is also easy to learn the movements.

3. Don’t let beginners leave the protection prematurely or leave the protection prematurely. Beginners are often afraid of water, which makes teaching more difficult. Practice has proved that "getting out of bail" too early will only lead to waste in haste.

4. The timing of the coordination of hands and legs must be well controlled. Beginners should practice alone for 2.5 hours to become familiar with it after "off bail". After you are completely able to swim freely in the water, you can then start teaching the paddler step by step. Slowly transition from single-arm to double-arm exercises, which takes about 4-6 sessions.

4. Possible problems during practice

1. For students who are so nervous that they cannot move their legs in the water, first ask them to lie on their backs on the water. The tutor held the student's head and took him to swim in the middle of the pool to let him relax and improve his buoyancy. At this time, we must pay attention to raising the beginner's head deliberately, keeping the face in a higher position, and the hand holding the head is relatively strong. The tutoring time for such students should be longer, and the "I guarantee" time should be later.

2. Sitting swimmers: Some students sit down with their buttocks down due to fatness or nervousness, and their trunks cannot move forward. When lying on the water to kick, put all the weight of the body on the buttocks. At this time, beginners should be reminded to relax and lie down, and practice kicking with the support board: put the support board under the head to raise the body position, or put the support board Raise the lower body position under the buttocks and make a natural transition.

3. "Bicycle" kick: Some students always bend their legs to kick up and down when kicking. We call this "bicycle" kick. The corrective method is to ask the student to hold the sink backwards and lie on his back on the water. The teacher will grasp the knee joint and push it hard to perform correct kicking exercises. The practice time should be longer and the emphasis should be on straightening the legs.

4. Kick your legs hard up and down. According to the principle of mechanics, if there is an action force, there must be a reaction force. The backstroke leg requires you to relax downward and kick upward, but exerting force both up and down must produce a negative force. The teacher should reason with the students and Help students to practice correctly, the method is the same as above.

5. Some students who are timid and afraid of water learn the backstroke quickly, but they can only swim and are unstable and prone to drinking water. At this time, the teacher should teach them. How to stop and stand up: Put your legs under the body and put them toward the bottom of the pool. When you are bold, try to put them behind and below the body. In this way, the body will immediately lift as soon as the feet touch the ground. Can stand up straight.

Based on the above teaching methods, beginner swimmers can quickly learn to swim and pass the swimming test smoothly.