Is there a famous saying called Zuo?

Zuo Qiuming's historical masterpiece Zuo Zhuan was written by Lu people in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Zuo Zhuan is a masterpiece of Mr. Lu Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period. It described systematically and in detail the political, economic, military, social and cultural affairs of the vassal states of China from 805 BC to 468 BC. The plot is tortuous and vivid, and the writing is beautiful. It is not only a historical masterpiece with high value, but also a very precious literary masterpiece in the treasure house of ancient books in China.

Zuozhuan, formerly known as Zuoshi Chunqiu, is closely related to the earliest chronicle Chunqiu. Spring and Autumn Annals was originally the general name of the official history of ancient countries. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions's era, a year was divided into spring, summer, autumn and winter, but court events were still held in the spring and autumn, so historians called it the Spring and Autumn Annals, which recorded the events of the whole year. Mozi? The so-called Zhou Chunqiu, Yan Chunqiu, Song Chunqiu and Qi Chunqiu refer to the history books of Zhou Dynasty and Yan, Song and Qi. Later, due to the loss of these historical books, only the Spring and Autumn Annals of the State of Lu has survived to this day, so Spring and Autumn Annals became the proper name of Lu's National History. The Spring and Autumn Annals recorded the historical events from the first year of Luyin to the 14th year of Lu Aigong (772-480 BC) in 242 years (Spring and Autumn Annals). However, although Chunqiu was officially compiled by Lu, what it recorded was not limited to Lu's own history, but the events of various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The notes of ancient historians have two functions: one is to truly record historical facts; Second, the intention of persuading good and punishing evil is also recorded in the historical records. In ancient times, because of the complexity of writing and the backwardness of writing tools, writing could only be engraved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions, stone carvings or bamboo slips, so historians could only take notes with the simplest words. The notes in Spring and Autumn Annals basically record one thing in chronological order, usually only a few words, at most more than 40 words and at least one word (such as moth). With such a brief record, people often can't understand the ins and outs of things and their specific circumstances. If you want to understand and learn history, you must rely on some older people who are familiar with historical events to describe and explain the records in Chunqiu in more detail, so that you can "pass it on". The so-called "biography" means annotation. Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liangzhuan handed down from ancient times are called "Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn". Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang are attached to Spring and Autumn Annals, and the classics and biographies are juxtaposed, while Zuozhuan is an independent book. Zuo Zhuan is widely circulated because of its reliable and rich historical materials, detailed notes, vivid plots and beautiful writing style, and is highly praised by future generations.

Zuo Qiuming's main and outstanding contribution is that he selectively and emphatically annotated and explained the historical events recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals on the basis of extensively collecting all kinds of ancient news, public and private records and a large number of reliable historical materials. He focuses on narratives, not only memorizing words, but also memorizing lines, including detailed description, brief summary, recitation, addition, analysis and comment. Many unknown places in the Spring and Autumn Annals can only be understood by supplementing and explaining Zuo Zhuan. In addition, Zuo Zhuan also recorded many historical events that were not recorded in Spring and Autumn Annals. The recording time is roughly the same as that of Spring and Autumn Annals, but slightly longer. The content is rich and detailed, and the historical materials are of great value.

This book, language skills and literary achievements are also very high. Zuo Qiuming is not only good at highlighting the essential characteristics of things, but also describing complex events in an orderly way with concise language, especially describing wars, which are often written with clear context and colorful colors. He is also good at portraying characters vividly through wonderful details and inner descriptions. For another example, countries in the Spring and Autumn Period had frequent diplomatic activities at that time and attached great importance to diplomatic rhetoric. Zuo Zhuan also vividly recorded this point. Many dialogues are euphemistic and implicit, soft outside and rigid inside, and meaningful. They sound gentle and calm, but their bones are full of strength and they don't give in on key issues. Of course, that was the diplomatic demeanor at that time, but these wonderful and superb diplomatic rhetoric could not be separated from Zuo Qiuming's tempering and polishing. In addition, many historical stories in Zuo Zhuan have twists and turns, vivid plots and beautiful writing, which are masterpieces in the history of literature. Such as (qui) dispute, Qi Yuan's public attack on Chu, Gong Jian's false Taoism, Qin Shi's retirement by candlelight, intermediary's admiration for Qin Shi, metaphysics's admiration for Qin Shi, and Chu's knowledge of returning to Jin.

Zuo Qiuming and Confucius were contemporaries. Confucius attached great importance to history, which was one of the six courses he taught his students: "Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn". Confucius also admired Zuo Qiuming, in The Analects? Confucius said in "The Governor of Public Security": "Clever words, good manners, good manners, shame on Zuo Qiuming, shame on Qiu. Complaining and making friends with others, Zuo Qiuming is ashamed of it, and Qiu is ashamed of it. " The general idea is: rhetoric, flattery, full compliment. Zuo Qiuming thinks this kind of person is shameful, and so do I. It is shameful for Zuo Qiuming to make friends with others with resentment, and I feel shameful. Thus, Confucius spoke highly of Zuo Qiuming's character and personality. After blindness, Zuo Qiuming also worked hard to complete a book "Mandarin". Sima Qian praised: "Zuo Qiu is blind and can't speak Mandarin." .

Reference: Hua Sujuan, Xiong Guozhen, editor-in-chief, China cultural history knowledge series "China Ancient Masterpieces" 1997 published by the Commercial Press.

Zuo Renying is a disciple of Confucius. Song gave it to South China Hou.

Zuo was born in the Warring States, and his native place is unknown.

Make friends with Yang Jiaoai, get to know Wang Xian of Chu, and go to Chu together. It's raining and snowing on the road, but the clothes you bring are thin. If it's two people, the plan is incomplete. Tao Bo said sadly, "What you learned from dancing is not as good as the child, and the child will be gone!" " He died in an empty tree wearing food and mourning clothes. I am sad that Chu is a famous official in the world. Yes, he opened a tree corpse and prepared to be buried. Tao Bo's tomb is near General Jing's tomb. Meng Gao said, "I was hacked by General Jing day and night." Mourning, he said, "I looked underground." He committed suicide. See this biography of the martyr. Later generations called it "leftover sheep" because of the loyalty of friendship.

Zuo Bo was born in Donglai (now Yexian County, Shandong Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ziziyi。 Good at papermaking; Cai Yong is good at writing books; Zhang wrote; Dan Wei is good at making ink, which is called "four good" of paper, book, pen and ink.

Zuo Xiong (? -138) people from Nanqun and Yangyan (now northeast of dengzhou city, Henan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Zuo Xiong, the word Hao Bo. In the era of Shun Di in the Eastern Han Dynasty, officials were officials. Zuo Xiong was honest, outspoken in the DPRK, and opposed the "greed" of famous families. Many people exposed him. During the Yangjia period in Shun Di, he denounced the cruelty of the rulers who abused politics at that time, and wrote: "Killing people is not good, gathering talents is powerful, treating people as weak, obeying the law as an incurable disease, killing them is born of the disaster of walking dead, and being angry when they succeed, treating people as enemies and taxes as tigers." "One person breaks the law and raises a family." Zuo Xiong is a skeleton minister who is deeply loved by ordinary people and praised by later generations.

Zuo Ci is from the southwest of Lujiang, Anhui.

Zuo Ci, the word Fang, was an alchemist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. I lived in Tianzhu Mountain, studied alchemy, and studied under Ge Xuan. He handed down the Daoism of Dante School in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Legend has it that the left charity demon tasted a feast with Cao Cao and teased him. Later, he angered Cao Cao, was chased by Cao Cao's minions and became invisible. I saw him hiding in the sheep's head, and the pawn could not get it. Besides being? "Biography of Zuo Ci", Gan Bao's search for God in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is also recorded. Yu Fang Sheng Lan, Records of World Scenic Spots, Records of Jiangnan, Records of Lujiang County in Qing Dynasty, etc. , recorded the Lujiang has some relics such as Diaoyutai, Zuo Ci Well, Bowling Bridge, Sage Bridge, Baiyanggang, Yangshantou and Wang Xuguan in Zuo Ci, and some of them still exist.

Reference: Anhui Local Records Series "Lujiang County Records", published by Social Sciences Press 1993.