Li Zhi's Young Beauty expresses her feelings.

When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon.

The jade carving should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it. How much sadness can you have? It's just a river flowing eastward.

Enjoy 1

This word was written about the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thought of the old country is revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words.

Whole word question and answer; From asking people to asking themselves, through the intense tone of sadness and the free and tortuous artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts run through, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect.

It is true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he misses is also inseparable from the imperial life of the "jade carving" and the secrets of the palace. But this famous masterpiece is unique in art:

Most of Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon are beautiful, but the author sincerely hopes that it will "disappear" as soon as possible. The "east wind" in the small building brought the information of spring, but it caused the author's "unbearable sigh" on the contrary, because they all evoked the author's feelings about changed things, expressed his anxiety about being imprisoned in a foreign country, and used to describe the author's mood of changing from a perfect match to a long song and crying prisoner.

The conclusion "A river flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sadness, which implicitly shows the endless flow of sadness. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci is a little blunt, while Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, gushing and preoccupied, which weakens the touching power.

It can be said that the word Li Yu is widely used because, to a great extent, the sentence is based on infectious and symbolic metaphors, which makes the sad thought vivid and abstract: the author does not clearly write the true connotation of his sad thought-recalling the happy life in the past, but only shows its external form-"like a river flowing eastward." In this way, people can easily get some kind of spiritual resonance from it and use it to express their similar feelings. Because people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward". Because "image is often greater than thought", the word Li has a wide sound and is passed down through the ages.

Appreciate II

As a "good wine, indifferent to politics" monarch, Li Yu failed; However, it was the subjugation of the country that made him the "Southern King" in the world of ancient ci (Shen Xiong's ancient and modern ci). As the saying goes, "the unfortunate poets of the country are lucky, and words begin to play a role in the vicissitudes of life." Young Beauty is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.

This word depicts a strong yearning for the motherland and achieves an artistic effect that makes the gods cry. "Spring flowers and autumn moon", the things that most easily evoke people's beautiful associations, made Li Yu doubly annoyed. He really complained to the sky: when will the spring bloom and the autumn moon be full? Reading a word makes people curious. However, as long as we imagine the poet's situation, it is not difficult to understand: a monarch who is above the sword, these beautiful things will only make him feel sad and remind him of the good life in the past, and the comparison between the past and the present will only make him sad. Ask yourself, "How much do you know about the past?" "The past" refers to the good life when I was king in the past, but everything has disappeared and become illusory. The spring of nature has gone and come again, but why is the spring of life gone forever? "The small building was easterly again last night, and the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month." The "East Wind" brings the message of spring, but it makes the poet sigh "I can't bear to look back" and "the voice of national subjugation is mourning for thinking", which is probably the only way. Let's imagine: in the dead of night, the moonlight is blowing gently, and the sleepless people trapped in the small building can't help looking from the railing, facing the direction of their homeland, how much sadness comes to mind. Who can stand this situation? The word "you" contains much helplessness and sadness! The east wind has entered again, indicating that the spring flowers and the autumn moon have not ended and will continue; And I still have to linger and suffer. "The old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the month" is the inversion of "the old country can't bear to look back in the middle of the month". "I can't bear to look back," but I did. Looking back, "the jade fence should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it." In my imagination, the mountains and rivers and the old palace of the old country are still there, but things are different and the mountains and rivers change hands; When I think about it, how much sadness and hatred are there. The word "just", with a sigh, conveys a sense of infinite regret.

The above six sentences are quite ingenious in structure. Several times, two-phase contrast and alternate sentences are used to echo, repeatedly emphasizing the cycle of nature and the fleeting life, which is full of philosophical meaning and deep feelings. One or two sentences compare the endless spring flowers and autumn moon with things that are gone forever in the world; A comparison between The East Wind Rises Again and The Old Country Can't Turn Back: A comparison between "should be maintained" and "change" in five or six sentences. The East Wind Rises Again and Should Still Be There echo Dang; I can't bear to look back and Zhu Yan has changed echoed the past. Such contrast and repetition vividly convey the ups and downs and worries of the poet's mind.

Finally, the poet was furious and became a famous sentence, "How worried can I be about you?" Like a river flowing eastward. "Using water as a metaphor for sorrow can be described as" the ancients came first, then the newcomers ". Liu Yuxi's Zhi Zhu Ci "Water infinite flow is like sorrow", and Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi Xicheng Liu Yang Nongchunrou" is like a spring river full of tears. These poems are either understated or straightforward, and they are not as touching as "A River Flowing East", so they are called "true sad words". Comparing melancholy to "a river of spring water" makes abstract emotions vivid and sensible. Sadness is like spring, overflowing and unrestrained; Another example is the spring water, which goes on day and night. Formally, the nine words are even and flat, which read like the ups and downs of spring water, and fully express the depth and strength of feelings in the rising flow. Ending with such expressive words greatly enhances the appeal of the work. When the pages are closed, the reader seems to be overwhelmed by this endless sadness.

The whole poem expresses the pain of national subjugation, with profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, exquisite structure and fresh language; Although the words are short, they are memorable. It is no wonder that Wang Guowei commented: "The words of the Tang and Five Dynasties have no articles. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that after the Song Dynasty, there were only Li Houzhu's works, as well as Yong Shu, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " (The Story of the World was deleted by 40%) (Jiang Yayun)

Appreciation 3

This word was written by Li Yu after he was captured in Bianjing. At the beginning, when did the beautiful time of spring flowers and autumn moon end? Because when I saw the spring flowers and the autumn moon, countless past events came to my mind, and I thought of the beautiful days of enjoying the spring flowers and the autumn moon in the Southern Tang Dynasty, which was unbearable to look back, so I was afraid to see them. On the moonlit night when the east wind blows, life in Jinling's old country is hard to look back on. The carved jade fence in the palace there should still be there, but people's faces have become haggard because of sadness. If you want to ask how much sorrow there is, it is like an endless river flowing eastward. One river refers to the Yangtze River, which is in the same breath as the spring water of one river, and is combined with Jinling, the old country of the Southern Tang Dynasty, by the Yangtze River, full of nostalgia for the old country. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Yi's "Memories" volume said: "My ancestors gave me the first gift, which was named after the Chinese Valentine's Day and the prostitute music. Emperor Taizong was furious when he heard about it. I also passed the sentence "The small building was easterly again last night" and "A river flows eastward", and sat down, which was unlucky. Wang Guowei's words on earth: "Nietzsche refers to all literature, and I love people who write in blood." The words of the late Lord are really so-called people written in blood. Song Daojun (Hui Zong) wrote a similar poem in Yanshan Pavilion. But the Taoist monarch is nothing more than the sorrow of his own life, and then the Lord seems to have the meaning that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes. "Li Yu was poisoned, and he wrote the word. This is really written in blood. The so-called "there is a feeling that Sakyamuni and Christ are burdened with human sins", that is to say, words like Li Yu are not only about his personal sorrow, but also very general, which summarizes the painful feelings of all people who have the pain of national subjugation: they dare not see the spring flowers and the autumn moon and dare not think about the good life in the past. Another example is the beautiful scenery of the old country, which is unbearable to look back. The scenery of the old country is still carved with jade, but people's faces have changed because of sadness, and there are also changes in personnel and master-slave relationship. It's like comparing sadness to a spring river. The whole word reflects the feelings of people who have the pain of national subjugation and bears the emotional pain of all these people. This just shows that this word has a high degree of generality and representativeness and is an outstanding achievement of this word.

In Song Dynasty, Chen Yu wrote "Hidden Words": "Taibai (Li Bai) said,' Oh, go and ask if this river flowing eastward can go further than the love of friends! . ("Nanjing Hotel Parting") Master Li of Jiangnan once said:' How much sorrow is like a river flowing eastward.' With a little melting, it feels wonderful. It is better to swim less (Qin Guan) and fall in love and worry like the sea (Millennium) than to come to the public (quasi) and say' sadness is like spring water' (Night Flower Niang). Here I would like to comment on the word "a river flowing eastward" as a metaphor for sadness. Li Bai's poems are about love, which can be compared with East Running Water. The poem was written in Jinling, and the east flowing water refers to the Yangtze River. Li Yu's ci was written when Bianjing was imprisoned. He couldn't see the Yangtze River, which became a part of his nostalgia for his old country. Therefore, Li Bai's poems are compared to the scenery in front of him, and Li Yu's poems are compared to the Yangtze River which is far away from him. There is a feeling of missing the old country in this metaphor, and the feelings are deeper. In addition, the image of "One Jiang Xiangdong Stream" is more vivid than "East Stream". Also, "flowing east" is shorter than "boring", and "flowing east" is endless. This is the difference between the two, which shows that the pain of Li Yu's old country is deeper, not "slightly melted". Kou Zhun's words: "Looking at Tingzhou at dusk is as tender as water." This is comparing tenderness to spring water. This tenderness also refers to another meaning, which, like Li Bai's sentence, can be said to imitate Li Bai's meaning. "Like spring water" can't be compared with Li Yu's ci. Qin Guan's words: "Spring goes and spring comes, and it is as red as the sea." It's about the emotional parting of "taking off your coat", plus the damage to spring, and the haggard of "Zhu Yan changed in the mirror", plus "falling in love with 10 thousand points", which is really a famous sentence. Li Yu's ci is about the pain of national subjugation, which is deeper than the feeling of parting. He also wrote Zhu Yan has changed, which is combined with the pain of national subjugation. In addition, the imagery in A River Flows East is vivid and magnificent, which is beyond the comparison of Qin Guan's ci. (Tian Deyi)

Fourth, study important sentences in detail.

1, Question: Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon is a beautiful thing, why does the poet want it to end?

Chengming: It is indeed a beautiful thing, but with the change of the poet's status, these beautiful things will also change color in the poet's heart. It turns out that extravagance and luxury can only add infinite sadness to a "prisoner" in the life of "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon" accompanied by flower girl's nocturnal songs. It's better to end such a beautiful thing.

2. What does the past mean in "How much do you know about the past"?

Clear: "The past" is rich in content and can refer to all his activities when he was an emperor. For example, the beauty of the harem, the dignity of sitting in the temple, and the sense of freedom.

3. "How much worry can you have? What kind of artistic expression is used in Just an East-flowing River? Please give an example.

Clarity: concretize abstract feelings with metaphors. Explain that sorrow is like spring water, and Wang Yang is unrestrained and unrestrained; Another example is the spring water, which keeps flowing day and night. No wonder Wang Guowei commented: "The words of my late master are really so-called bloody books." French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears."

Li Bai's "white hair and three thousands of feet, a long sorrow."

Li Yu's "hate like spring grass, go further and still be alive."

Li Yu's "natural growth hates water flowing eastward."

Li Bai's "You don't see how cute Gao Tingming's mirror lock is. It snows in the early evening." Wait a minute.

Fifth, use your imagination, try to translate this poem, and try to show your sadness and sadness.

Flowers bloom in spring and fall in autumn,

How often does it take to reply?

Life is short, and how many past events turn into nothing in an instant.

The small building blew eastward again last night.

I can't bear to look back, my country was destroyed by my hand.

The pavilion in the palace may still be there,

It's just that the people who linger there have changed their appearance.

Life means endless sadness,

If I ask you how sad you are,

I know, just like a river flowing eastward day and night.

Sixth, summarize the whole poem.

This song "Young Beauty" is full of sadness and hatred, with deep and strong feelings, like a raging river, desperate to rush out. Few monarchs above swords in history dare to express their hatred of national subjugation so boldly. Li Yu's devotion to this pure feeling is probably Wang Guowei's "naive words" out of "childlike heart", so that he paid his life for it. French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears." This word is such an immortal work.

Yu Meiren religious plan

Teaching objectives:

1. Incorporate Li Yu's ci into the literary background of China's ancient emperors' poems, so as to enhance its cultural charm and sense of history. 2. The combination of knowing people and discussing the world and reading literature makes this course not only stay on the analysis of poetry's own skills and language, but also tend to tap the inherent humanistic spirit of poetry.

Teaching time: 1 class hour

First, guide:

1. At the other end of history, occasionally several emperors picked up pens and wrote rhyming or rhyming sentences to express the feelings of characters, which naturally attracted more attention, thus forming a very unique and long-standing culture-China ancient imperial literature. Emperor's poems, when pushing the Song of the Great Wind by Emperor Gaozu, are flying like clouds, Wei Jiahai returns to his hometown, and brave men are everywhere guarding him. The whole poem is straightforward, with high style and great momentum, which has made a good start for the emperor's poetry. Unfortunately, the emperor who is about to win the world does not attach importance to the poetic road. Apart from this work, his other achievements are limited. Among the emperors, Li Houzhu is the most talented. Today, let's feel the art of Ci in the late Southern Tang Dynasty.

Second, the background and author's brief introduction

1. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi wrote a poem: "There are talented people in the Jiangshan generation, and they have been leading the way for hundreds of years." Tang poetry is followed by Song poetry. Good poems were written by poets in the Tang Dynasty, and the literati in the Song Dynasty found a new way, which made the literary form of Ci tend to be perfect, achieve perfection and achieve unprecedented prosperity, making Song Ci another bright pearl in China's cultural treasure house.

2. Li Yu was the most accomplished poet in the Five Dynasties. He is also a first-class figure in the history of ci. In the first half of Li Yu's life, as the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty, his life was quite luxurious, and his poetry theme was narrow, which was nothing more than the expression of court life, love or parting between men and women. After the national subjugation, his lonely and sad situation turned to write homesickness and hatred of national subjugation in words, which achieved great success. The young mermaid is one of the most famous. On July 7th, 978, his birthday, he sang his new word "Youmei" with his family, which angered the Song Dynasty emperor Zhao Guangyi and ordered him to be poisoned. Li Yu died tragically at the age of 4 1 year.

3. Q: What exactly is this word? How could you kill yourself?

Second, reading.

1, learning poetry begins with reading. Let two students read the word aloud. Other students should pay attention to comparison and evaluate who reads better. (read by a boy and a girl)

2. How did they read? What kind of feelings should I have? -deep and desolate, with a tortuous tone.

3. How should we deal with the author's emotion?

A, grasp the rhythm: "The tone can be teased in four words, or it can be two ups and seven downs, but it is best to do it in one go."

B, grasp the words: when, how much, again, can't bear it, should, just, how much. These words can especially express the poet's inner painful world.

4. Try to read it again. A relaxation and a setback seem to have brought me into that sad world, which is an immersive high-quality reading. Did any other students challenge him? )

5. Listen to the tape. Read aloud in a low voice

5, recite together, try to see the scenes in the words when you recite.

Third, analysis

1, if you want to read well, you must grasp the emotional core of the whole word. Which word in the text can sum up the feelings of the whole text?

2. Let's talk about Li Yu's worries. (The blackboard says "sadness")

First, sigh for the past; B, the enemy of national subjugation; Without the loss of the throne, without the happiness of wives and concubines, the family has been fragmented.

Nostalgia for the past is getting more and more serious. C, the pain of leaving home

3. This layer of sadness is overwhelming, one after another. It is really "This time, why can't I say a word?" It's really sad to "cut it without stopping." Although it exists, it is too abstract after all. So, ask everyone,

4. How did the author write Melancholy?

Choose typical scenery, such as spring flowers and autumn moon, to express sadness. Spring flowers and autumn moon are beautiful things. Can you directly express sadness?

The famous sentence at the end uses metaphor to write abstract feelings vividly.

Combination of reality and reality. Memories of the past have caused the sadness of the present, the former is empty and the latter is real.

Spring flowers and autumn moon, past events, small building, east wind, old country, bright moon, carved jade fence, Zhu Yan, a spring river, the author used so many images to create vivid paintings: spring flowers and autumn moon map, small building east wind map, old country moon map and so on.

A, the contrast between spring flowers and autumn moon and the past (luxurious food, beautiful women in the harem, dignity, freedom, sense of security for survival, etc. )/The contrast between the east wind in the small building and the bright moon in the old country/The carved jade fence and the changed Zhu Yan-it's really "things are different"-homesickness

B, "The Old Country Can't Bear to Look Back at the Bright Moon and Tomorrow" and "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon"-the precipitation significance of the image of "Moon". I miss my hometown, my relatives, etc. ) "Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, and it sank back, and I suddenly remembered home." "How bright the moonlight at home is!" And "the moon, now at sea, the end of the world at this time."

Conclusion: It is a metaphor of tears and contrast. I think besides comparison and metaphor, the author's questions are also very distinctive. Ask the sky first: "When are the spring flowers and the autumn moon?" Ask people again: "How much do you know about the past?" Finally, ask yourself: "How much sadness can you have?" It can be said that don't ask every day, ask all people who don't know, and ask yourself tears. Layer upon layer, twists and turns. Finally, it ends with "One River Spring Water". Is this a river spring water? It's simply a river of worry and suffering, which makes lyricism reach the extreme.

5. What is this word that will cause death?

This word shows a fallen monarch's love for his motherland. Don't forget the good life in the past, and don't forget that the east wind blows from the old country and the spring water flows to the hometown. In Song Taizu's view, does this mean "going to the old country in the East"? It can be said that the word "East" ruined the life of a generation of great writers.

Fourth, evaluation

1, I also want to ask: What do the students think of Li Yu's Trouble?

This is the sorrow of the feudal emperors and is not worthy of sympathy. Who told him to do nothing like a dog and a horse? /I think this sadness is beautiful. Because it's human, human. /I am also "sad about its misfortune, angry about it."

Let me tell you my opinion: I have no time to blame him for indulging in debauchery and losing the great mountains and rivers of Nantang. What I feel is the common people's lyric after he took off his imperial coat. "Ask how much you can worry about, just like a river flowing eastward." This practice of turning the emperor's worry into the mortal's worry deeply infected Li Yu's readers from the aesthetic point of view. Looking back from the aesthetic channel, we can feel the unique paradise-like purgatory despair, bitter and romantic sadness, sighing eyes and lilac-like melancholy. If you want to sympathize with Li Yu, it can only be aesthetic sympathy, not moral sympathy.

2. There are many masters of "writing sorrow" by Ci writers, such as Kou Zhun's melancholy like spring water (Night Mother); Qin Guan's "Tears flow in the Spring River, and you are full of sorrow" ("Jiangchengzi"); Li Qingzhao's "I'm afraid the ship can't carry much on her mind" (Wuling Spring), and so on. I think they are not "vivid" enough, or "implicit and profound" enough, and the artistic conception of "sadness" is not as good as the latter.

The author turned a cavity of sadness into tangible flowing water, boundless and rich. Where is this river? It is obviously Li Yu's tears, full of sadness. Such a metaphor, a river in spring, is a river in sorrow, a river in bitterness. Metaphor makes the feelings expressed have infinite breadth.

Later generations concluded that the style of this word is beautiful. Why do Li Yu's words look so sad?

From the "red brocade lichen" in the Southern Tang Dynasty to the "old country is unbearable to look back" in the Song Dynasty, the poet Li Yu's experience of life in heaven and earth and his great inner pain are by no means understandable to ordinary people. If we take the national subjugation as the dividing line and compare Li Yu's poems in the early and late periods, can we say that the price of national subjugation has made a great poet who can pursue Tang poetry? This also reminds me of the classic poem in Diaoqu Fuyuan: Wang Wen was arrested and performed Zhouyi; Zhong You wrote Spring and Autumn Annals; Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. Zuo Qiuming is blind and has "Mandarin"; The foot of Sun Tzu's Art of War has been revised;

Li Yu's later poems mostly reflect the poet's inner pain of national subjugation, and sublimate the sadness of parting between individuals in traditional poems into the yearning for his hometown, with a broad and far-reaching realm. Wang Guowei commented, "The words of my ancestors are really called bloody books."

Fourth, the proportion.

The epigraph of the word 1. is "Youmei". Do you remember anything? Ming: Yu Ji, a favorite of Xiang Yu, often goes to various places with Xiang Yu. In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was surrounded by Liu Bang's army. In the night drink,

Xiang Yu's generous elegy: pulling out the mountain is angry with the world, and he will not die when it is unfavorable. What can we do if it doesn't die? I'm afraid I'm afraid I can't do anything!

Beauty and wisdom: the Han army has moved slightly and there are songs everywhere. Your majesty's spirit is exhausted, and the concubine can't make a living.

Under siege, Xiang Yu drew his sword and committed suicide, and Yu Ji also drew his sword and committed suicide. Later, a bright red flower grew in this bloody land of Kyrgyzstan, and later generations called it "Yu Meiren" in memory of her. So the name of this epigraph comes from the tragic story of Yu Ji, Xiang Yu.

2. Q: We might as well compare Li Yu and Xiang Yu here. They are both the last princes and the last words. What's the difference between the styles of Gaixia Song and Yu Meiren?

Clear: Xiang Yu, a lean man, had 10,000 courage that could not be forced, but he was foolhardy and finally defeated. Under siege, a generation of heroes, with a song "Gaixia Song", achieved the heroic words of the last hero in the world. The overlord of Chu must be the overlord of Chu. He's not Li Houzhu. If he falls into enemy hands, go to hell! Nothing but death! The defeat of Wujiang River was not a trace of servility; In the face of despair, it is meaningless to kneel for mercy, but it can only be a generous elegy. He would rather die than go back to see his elders in Jiangdong. His death was heroic! What is even more touching is the tenderness of the iron man. At the last moment, his love with Yuji can be called eternal love. This is Xiang Yu, who has feelings for his elders in Jiangdong, for beauties and even for horses. At the last moment of his life, we not only witnessed his heroic life, but also saw the other side of the hero-be immersed in love with children. It can be said that when he died, he was both a heroic hero and a perfect martyr. Therefore, although Xiang Yu's masterpiece is also the king of the last days, in addition to sadness, it is more intense, emotional and beautiful! No wonder Li Qingzhao, a talented woman in the Song Dynasty, marveled at this hero's talent. "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost." I still think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "Xiang Yu has been remembered and missed by future generations for two thousand years, mostly because of his personality strength and heroic charm.

Summary: how much dust has fallen from the ebb and flow of the tide. In the wind of the Millennium, the figure of the king is nowhere to be found. Eternal is only the spirit, or heroic, or bleak, or tragic, for future generations to chew and taste!

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

Li Yu is just Li Yu, a literary poet. It was not Gou Jian who perished, but that he was able to "eat his grain and taste his courage" and "swallow Wu with three thousand armour", which finally achieved the great cause of rejuvenating the country. Some people say that politics is the natural enemy of art, indeed, people who are too emotional and pay too much attention to their own hearts are not suitable for government leadership. When we look beyond the Millennium and look at Li Yu's melancholy face, we will feel that if Li Yu is not an emperor and sings in the mountains, I believe he must be a first-class fallen (philosopher) fairy in Ling Tao.

Finally, let's review the way we taste poetry in this class. Knowing people's papers, reading articles and knowing people, humanities see each other and complement each other.