Why do women have dysmenorrhea?

Many girls will feel pain before menstruation or on the first or second day. Some people feel slight pain, while others have affected their normal life. They feel pain, such as vomiting, diarrhea and cold sweat, which makes them doubt their lives. Why do they have dysmenorrhea? Today, Xiao Mian will take you to find out.

What is dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea refers to abdominal pain and swelling before and after menstruation or menstrual period, accompanied by back pain or other discomfort. The pain is often spasmodic, usually located on the pubic bone of the lower abdomen, and can radiate to the lumbar spinal cord and the inner thigh. Severe pain can cause symptoms such as pallor, nausea, vomiting and cold sweat, which often affects normal life and work.

Classification according to etiology:

Primary dysmenorrhea

Also known as functional dysmenorrhea, it refers to dysmenorrhea without organic lesions in genitals, accounting for more than 90% of dysmenorrhea.

Secondary dysmenorrhea

Also known as organic dysmenorrhea, it refers to dysmenorrhea caused by organic lesions in the basin such as endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Primary dysmenorrhea

The content of prostaglandin in endometrium increased.

During menstrual cramps, the endometrium produces a hormone called prostaglandin (PG). Too high PG content will cause excessive uterine contraction, vasospasm, uterine ischemia and hypoxia, and then dysmenorrhea.

The increase of vasopressin, endogenous oxytocin and other substances

. Vasopressin can cause the contraction of smooth muscle in uterine myometrium and arterial wall to be strengthened, and the uterine blood flow to be reduced.

. Intravenous injection of hypertonic saline can increase vasopressin secretion, enhance uterine contraction and aggravate dysmenorrhea symptoms.

Some peptides and autonomic nervous system

Such as endothelin and norepinephrine, can cause uterine muscles and uterine blood vessels to contract, leading to dysmenorrhea.

The whole endometrium falls off and the discharge is not smooth.

It can strengthen uterine contraction or spasm and cause dysmenorrhea.

Excessive curvature of uterus

It can make menstrual blood circulation unsmooth, leading to menstrual blood staying in pigs, thus stimulating uterine contraction and causing dysmenorrhea.

Uterine dysplasia

The imbalance between uterine muscle and fibrous tissue leads to uncoordinated contraction and dysmenorrhea.

Secondary dysmenorrhea

endometriosis

The endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, which is the main cause of secondary dysmenorrhea. Ectopic lesions are affected by periodic ovarian hormones, resulting in hyperplasia, bleeding and pain.

Adenomyosis of uterus

The endometrium invades the muscle tissue of the uterine wall. Under the influence of ovarian hormones, ectopic endometrium is congested, swollen and bleeding, which expands the myometrium and causes severe dysmenorrhea.

pelvic inflammatio

Usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. Chronic inflammation can cause paralysis, adhesion and pelvic congestion, causing swelling and pain in the lower abdomen.

Hysteromyoma or endometrial polyp

Congestion and contraction of uterus during menstrual period can make fibroids or polyps ischemic, thus causing dysmenorrhea.

Cervical adhesion and cervical stenosis

Surgical injury or abnormal uterine development can cause cervical adhesion and stenosis, leading to poor menstrual blood discharge, uterine contraction and dysmenorrhea.

Pelvic hyperemia syndrome

Pelvic venous congestion causes dysmenorrhea because dilated veins compress lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers.

Uterine reproductive tract malformation

Such as imperforate hymen and vaginal atresia. , will lead to menstrual blood discharge blocked, uterine contraction, causing dysmenorrhea.

intrauterine device (IUD)

It can cause secondary dysmenorrhea, which is related to intrauterine birth control, secondary infection and the damage caused by the mismatch between intrauterine device and uterine cavity.