Joke Collection Website - Talk about mood - In the Spring and Autumn Period, why did the monarchs of other countries call themselves "Gong", and only Chu called them "Wang"?
In the Spring and Autumn Period, why did the monarchs of other countries call themselves "Gong", and only Chu called them "Wang"?
Strictly speaking, in the Spring and Autumn Period, in addition to the world's * * * Lord? Zhou Wang? And Chu, who doesn't play by common sense, is also used by monarchs of other countries? Wang? Take this title as an example? Spring and autumn five tyrants? He Lv, King of Wu, Gou Jian, King of Yue.
But the content expressed by the topic and its internal meaning mainly involve Chu, so let's take a look. At that time, it was generally called vassal state? Public? 、? Hou? In this case, why can the monarch of Chu be equal to Zhou Ping? Wang? .
First, the title system in the Spring and Autumn Period
During the Spring and Autumn Period, was it implemented? Gong Hou Bo Zi Nan? Title system. To put it simply, Gong Houbo Zi Nan? It is the division of nobility by the Emperor of Zhou according to the size of the administrative region of the vassal state. Among them,? Public? The governance area is 500 miles. Hou? The governance area is 400 miles. Bo? The scope of governance is 300 miles. Son? The governance area is 200 miles. A man? The scope of governance is 100 miles.
The second is the titles of Qi, Qin, Chu and other vassal states.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty in Zhou Wuwang, the active ministers and governors were greatly enfeoffed. Here we only choose a few representative ones to talk about.
Qi: The first monarch of Qi was Lu Shang, also known as Jiang Taigong. In the conferring of the Emperor of Zhou, the title of Qi is Marquis.
Qin: Qin Yuan is a small country in Xiqiao, but it is not under its control. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that Qin was made an earl.
Chu State: Similar to Qin State, Zhou Wuwang was not named as the title of Chu State at first, and was not named as a viscount until Zhou Chengwang period.
It can be seen that among the three kingdoms of Chyi Chin and Chu, Qi was the marquis vassal state recognized by Zhou at the beginning, while Qin Chu was not recognized by Zhou at the beginning, because they were weak and partial, and they were not cronies of Zhou Dynasty. It was only after the two countries became powerful that they had to be given lower titles such as Earl and Viscount.
Third, the title of monarch between Qi and Chu.
Then the question is coming. Qi is a marquis. Why is it called? Public? Chu is a viscount. Why can he be called a viscount? Wang? .
(A) the title of Qi Huangong
In fact, there is a misunderstanding that most people regard posthumous title as a formal title.
Known as Hou is his title. Qi Huangong? This is his posthumous title, and it is also the evaluation title of Xiaobai after his death. Simply put, when Xiao Bai was alive, Xiao Bai couldn't claim to be himself? Qi Huangong? Yes, people can't call him? Qi Huangong? . During the Spring and Autumn Period, the late monarch posthumous title could use it? Public? The title, that's it? Public? Not that? Public? , posthumous title? Public? It's just an honorary title, like in the title? Public? Totally different.
History book "The Biography of the Ram"? "Sixteen years of Zhuanggong" records:
In winter, 10 and February, Qi Hou, Song Gong, Chen Hou, Wei Hou, Zheng Bo, Xu Nan, Cao Bo, Hua Bo and Teng Zi formed an alliance to live in seclusion. Who are the allies? The same desire. ?
It is clear here that in formal occasions, the title can only be Qi? Qi Hou? .
So? Qi Huangong? This is little white posthumous title. His official title is Qi Hou. Qi Huangong? There is no over-title system in this posthumous title.
(b) The name of Chu Zhuangwang.
On the other hand, Chu Zhuangwang is a completely different problem. Is this Chu Zhuangwang's public statement? Wang? It is a blatant provocation against Zhou's authority.
There was a grudge between Chu and Zhou, and they didn't clean up the mess.
When Zhou Wuwang was attacked, Kuaixiong, the leader of Chu tribe, led troops to support him. Kuaixiong himself was a teacher, but when he was enfeoffed, the Chu tribe was ignored and did not even catch the lowest title. When I finally arrived in Zhou Chengwang, I was finally recognized. I'm still a low-level viscount, and Chu is furious.
Because Zhou determines the distance by blood relationship and maintains the hierarchy, it can be said that the Chu tribe living in the southeast is a barbarian territory, not a clan, and is out of sight at all.
Zhou ignored Chu on the grounds of blood relationship, and so did Chu? Not China? Simply stand on one's own feet and be king on the grounds that you don't need the title of Zhou Dynasty.
"Historical records. "Chu Family" records:
Xiong Qu said? I'm a barbarian, and I don't inherit China. ?
So the bear went ill and made his three sons king, which made him sick. Speaking of Xiong Tong, call yourself? Chu Wuwang? , set a precedent for usurping the throne under Zhou Wang. After that, all the monarchs of the state of Chu took it? Wang? Including Chu Zhuangwang, who later became one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.
So, use? Qi Huangong? Different, Chu's practice completely subverted the title system of Zhou Dynasty, which was a flagrant violation of the etiquette system of Zhou Tianzi and Zhou Dynasty.
After Chu, with the decline of the Zhou Emperor, some vassal states rose, imitating Chu and claiming to be? Wang? Among them, He Lv, the king of Wu, Gou Jian, the king of Yue and other famous soldiers were included.
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