The original text of Zhao Zhouqiao text.

Zhao Zhouqiao is a stone arch bridge across the Weihe River, which was built from the 14th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the 2nd year of Daye of Sui Dynasty (594-606) and was built by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty. Let's take a look at the original text of Zhao Zhouqiao. I hope it helps!

Zhao Zhouqiao's original text

On the Weihe River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, there is a world-famous stone arch bridge named Anji Bridge, also known as Zhao Zhouqiao. It was designed and built by Li Chun, a stonemason in Sui Dynasty, and has a history of 1300 years.

Zhao Zhouqiao is very spectacular. The bridge is over 50 meters long and 9 meters wide, with horses in the middle and people on both sides. Such a long bridge, all made of stone, has no abutment below, only an arched bridge opening, which spans a river more than 37 meters wide. On the left and right sides of the ceiling of the bridge, there are also two small arched bridge opening. At ordinary times, the river flows through bridge opening. When there is a flood, the river can also flow through four Kobashiguchi. This design is a pioneering work in the history of bridge construction, which not only reduces the impact of running water on the bridge, makes the bridge not easy to be washed away by flood, but also reduces the weight of the bridge and saves stone.

This bridge is not only strong but also beautiful. There are stone fences on both sides of the bridge deck, and exquisite patterns are carved on the fence board: some are engraved with two intertwined dragons, and their mouths spit out beautiful spray; Some are carved with two dragons, their forepaws touching each other and looking back at the front; The others are engraved with dragon balls. All the dragons seem to be swimming as if they were alive.

Zhao Zhouqiao shows the wisdom and talent of the working people, which is a precious historical heritage of our country.

Zhao Zhouqiao's Instructional Design

First of all, review the import and overall perception:

1. Through the study of last class, we have a preliminary understanding of Zhao Zhouqiao. In this class, we will further walk into this unusual bridge and feel its strangeness and charm.

2. Listen to music and read aloud. Listen, think and see what impression Zhao Zhouqiao has left on you. What kind of bridge do you think this is?

3. The small blackboard shows that Zhao Zhouqiao is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bridge. Who can sum it up in one word?

4. The students say that the key words of the teacher's blackboard writing are: world-famous, majestic, solid and beautiful (from which paragraph did you read that it is a * * * bridge? )

Students want to express their impression of Zhao Zhouqiao in 1000 words. Now look at a picture. Do the students know the words on this plaque? Yes, magic bridge, magic bridge.

Second, learn the first paragraph.

1. Why is the stone arch bridge called Shenqiao? Let's explore it in detail from the text. First of all, let's learn first nature and see which words and sentences you feel the charm of Zhao Zhouqiao. Please draw it and think it over.

2. Health report: world-famous. What does it mean to be famous all over the world? (Teacher shows three pictures: the State Council and Jiang Zemin) the State Council designated it as a key cultural relics protection unit, and Comrade Jiang Zemin wrote it personally. Do you think it is famous? But this can only be regarded as a national famous. Shall we look at another picture? Did you see who gave this plaque? Now it can really be a world-famous bridge.

3. 1400 years? What do you feel about the history of Zhao Zhouqiao from this picture? ) experienced seven or eight dynasties; It has a long history.

Facing such a world-famous stone bridge, what kind of tone do you want to read this passage? (Pride, admiration)

Take students to read; Read it together.

Third, learn the second paragraph.

1, this passage, the magic of Zhao Zhouqiao, is mainly manifested in which aspect of its characteristics? (Look at some words on the blackboard) A: Magnificent and firm.

2. Read this article freely. From which sentences do you feel the grandeur of Zhao Zhouqiao? Underline the sentences that best express their grandeur and try to understand them carefully.

3. From which words can you particularly feel its majesty?

Small blackboard: this bridge is more than 50 meters long ... across a river more than 37 meters wide? (emphasis: more than 50 meters; Nine meters; All, nothing, only, cross), what do you think of Zhao Zhouqiao across the river? (Giant, Rainbow) Projection 1.

Estimate the length of our classroom? (8 ~ 9 meters), the length of Zhao Zhouqiao is at least several times that of our classroom? (5 ~ 6 class heads; The width is roughly equivalent to the length of our classroom)

B: With the development of science and technology, we have bulldozers, cranes, mixers, reinforced concrete and concrete. But what about Zhao Zhouqiao? How was it built at that time?

Only 1000 years ago, our ancestors built this bridge which is more than 50 meters long and 9 meters wide with big stones on their backs.

At this moment, if we stand in front of the bridge, what kind of admiration will you give?

4. Understand the majestic momentum of Zhao Zhouqiao and the reverence for the ancient working people in China.

In this passage, a classmate said just now that he also read Zhao Zhouqiao's firmness and felt his magic? From which sentences do you feel its firmness?

6. What kind of design does this design mean?

Health Report: The left and right sides of the top of the bridge ... flow through four Kobashiguchi.

7. The charm of Zhao Zhouqiao seems to lie in its unique design. Let's ask a classmate to draw a schematic diagram of the structure of Zhao Zhouqiao.

8. This design is amazing. The author used a word to praise it highly. Which word? Pioneering? Who said what "pioneering" meant?

A move or career that has never happened is the first time. It was in Europe, and it took 1000 years for this design to appear. )

9. Why is this design a pioneering work? (Students read the sentence "both" ... and ... ")

10, this design really kills two birds with one stone. What kind of related words does the author use to connect these two functions? (Both ... and ...)

1 1. These four Kobashiguchi are so wonderful that this bridge is not only magnificent, but also what else? (blackboard writing: solid)

12. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and countless earthquakes, among which 1966 witnessed an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 in scaffolding, Hebei Province, only 40 kilometers away from the bridge, and all of them were safe and sound. )

13, read it together and read it out.

14, let's see, which sentence is this natural paragraph mainly written around? (first sentence)

15, this sentence is the central sentence of this paragraph. We'll meet again when we study the text later.

Fourth, learn the third paragraph.

1, let's see. What does this passage mainly reflect the charm of Zhao Zhouqiao? Who can summarize it in one sentence? (blackboard writing: beautiful)

2. Which sentence mentioned the beauty of Zhao Zhouqiao? Show: Zhao Zhouqiao is not only powerful, but also beautiful.

What are the advantages of using this sentence at the beginning of this paragraph?

This sentence summarizes the previous content and leads to the following content. Such a sentence is called a turning sentence; Connect the front with the bottom)

4. What are the exquisite patterns on the bridge deck railings? Who will read it?

(project a dragon pattern; Tell me what the dragon is doing.

5. What sentence patterns does the author use to connect these three different dragons?

6. After listening to his reading aloud, you not only feel that these dragons are exquisitely carved, but also what do you feel?

Starting with the sentence "All dragons seem to be swimming, really like living", inspire students to think: From which words do you feel that dragons are alive? (winding, reaching out, looking for, playing)

7. Teachers demonstrate reading and students close their eyes to imagine the picture.

8. Read aloud in chorus.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Learn the fourth paragraph:

1, read the fourth paragraph silently, thinking: The topic is Zhao Zhouqiao. The first to third paragraphs of the text have already introduced the date of construction, appearance features and patterns on railings in Zhao Zhouqiao, so why write the fourth paragraph?

2. Contact the text to talk about your understanding of "Zhao Zhouqiao shows the wisdom and talent of the working people". What is the understanding of "Zhao Zhouqiao is China's precious historical heritage"? Yes, it is not only a bridge, but also a testimony to the intelligence of China people. It is also a precious wealth left by history, which deserves our attention and commemoration for generations. )

3. Read aloud and read out the feelings of pride and praise.

Sixth, summary.

After learning this text, we not only know the majestic and magnificent face of Zhao Zhouqiao, but also feel the wisdom of the working people. At the same time, I also learned the author's specific method of writing content around one sentence.

Seven, expand the homework:

There are also many ancient buildings in Zaoyang, our hometown, such as Baishui Temple and Tangzishan Temple, which are also the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of working people. Let's take advantage of the holiday to visit and write and draw with our own pens, shall we?

Eight, blackboard design:

19 Zhao Zhouqiao

Magnificent

Strength, wisdom and talent

beautiful

Zhao Zhouqiao's teaching plan

learning target

1. Know 10 new words such as "county, economy, craftsman" and write 14 words such as "county, design". Correctly read and write the words "design, participation, grandeur, wholeness, leapfrogging, innovation, slowing down, impact, weight, economy, firmness, beauty, stone fence, exquisiteness, design, forepaws, looking back, looking forward, playing with pearls, talent, preciousness and inheritance".

4. Read the text with emotion and recite the favorite parts.

3. Understand the wisdom and talents of the ancient working people in China, and enhance national pride.

4. While accumulating language, learn how to write a paragraph around a meaning.

Teaching focus

Let the students know the architectural features of Zhao Zhouqiao and understand the expression of the author.

Teaching difficulties

Help students understand the features and benefits of Zhao Zhouqiao's design.

Preparation before class

Multimedia courseware; Collect information reflecting the wisdom and talents of the ancient working people in China and information about bridges.

Teaching time

2 class hours

first kind

First, the introduction of dialogue to stimulate interest

1. Discussion

The people of China have always been hardworking, kind and full of wisdom. They have created one miracle after another. There are many world-famous ancient buildings. What do the students know? The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, etc. Zhao Zhouqiao is also an ancient building in China. What kind of bridge is it and what are its characteristics?

2. Introduce Zhao Zhouqiao (show photos of Zhao Zhouqiao)

When you open the map, the rivers in the east of China come into view. The ancients had many illusions and practices about the bridge that crossed the river and was beneficial to people's livelihood. Han Xiangzi, one of the legendary Eight Immortals, was praised by people for building a bridge to benefit mankind one day. Our ancestors invented the bridge-building technology a long time ago, and many figures of arch bridges were engraved on the portrait bricks in the Han Dynasty. The earliest existing arch bridge in China was built in Zhao Zhouqiao 1300 years ago.

Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, spans the Weihe River in Zhaozhou (now Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province), with a total length of 50.82 meters [the total length should be 64.4 meters]. The bridge deck is 9.6 meters wide at both ends and 9 meters wide in the middle. It is a single-span arch bridge. Arch ticket [a part of a building, such as a bridge, a door and a window, is curved. With a clear span of 37.37 meters, it was the longest stone arch bridge in the world at that time. Zhao Zhouqiao was designed and built by Li Chun, a stonemason in Sui Dynasty.

Bridge opening in Zhao Zhouqiao is not an ordinary semicircle, but an arch, so there is no steep slope on the road above the big arch, which is convenient for cars and horses to get up and down. Generally, bridges have piers, and the bridge holes between the two piers are semi-circular, and the height of the bridge holes is generally half of the length of the bridge, so that the bridge is stable. If Zhao Zhouqiao only uses a bridge opening and piers are erected on both sides of bridge opening, then bridge opening is 25 meters high (because the bridge is 50 meters long), and it is as difficult for pedestrians to cross the bridge as climbing a mountain. If you want to lower the height of the bridge, you must build more bridge opening and more piers. This is labor-intensive and material-intensive, and it is not convenient to sail under the bridge. Bridges at that time were all made of stones, but stones in that place were not easy to obtain, so what kind of bridges can be built to meet the local actual situation requires careful design and construction. )

Li Chun has made great innovations in the construction technology of arch bridges. At that time, the method of building a bridge with flat arch and open shoulders he created was unique, and the quality of the bridge was excellent. Thanks to the efforts of engineers and technicians such as Li Chun, Zhao Zhouqiao is known as "Kiki is the best in the world" with reasonable structure, beautiful appearance and rich national style.

After the completion of Zhao Zhouqiao, it has become a transportation hub connecting Zhuojun in the north (now southwest of Beijing) and Luoyang in the east. After thousands of years of wind and frost, pedestrians and floods, vehicles can still pass, which has become a miracle of bridge construction in the world. More than 700 years after the completion of Zhao Zhouqiao, that is, in the 4th century, a similar stone arch bridge was built in Europe, that is, Sylar Bridge, an arch bridge built on the French Cote River. But it has been destroyed. Zhao Zhouqiao has been preserved to this day, so it has attracted more attention from the world and is recognized as the oldest arch bridge in the world.

The ancient bridge-building skills in China have been inherited and carried forward in practice, leaving many excellent works, such as the wind and rain bridge in Dongxiang, Guangxi, also known as the covered bridge; Yongji Bridge, Chengyang, Hebei, and so on. Nowadays, bridges across rivers, lakes and seas abound, which has written a brand-new page for Chinese bridges.

Step 3 reveal the theme

Zhao Zhouqiao is a precious historical heritage of our country and the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient working people in China. Today, let's approach Zhao Zhouqiao and unveil its mystery.

Teacher's blackboard writing project. Students read the questions together.

Second, the preliminary reading of the text, the overall perception

1. Students read the text by themselves, draw new words and read them several times with phonetic symbols.

3. Practice reading the text by reading by yourself and each other, so as to read the text correctly and smoothly.

3. The teacher checks.

(1) Check new words

Design, participation, grandeur, wholeness, span, innovation, mitigation, influence, weight.

Economy, firmness, beauty, stone fence, fence board, exquisiteness, pattern, front paws, looking back.

Looking from a distance, playing with pearls, talent, preciousness, inheritance, sculpture and wisdom.

⑵ Check the reading of the text and talk about what the text mainly says. This explanatory text introduces us to the grandeur, firmness and beauty of Zhao Zhouqiao. )

Third, read the text again and sort out the context.

1. Read the text freely.

Why do you say "Zhao Zhouqiao shows the wisdom and talent of the working people and is a valuable historical heritage of our country?" Learn every natural paragraph carefully with this question.

4. Clean up the thread.

Thinking: What part of the text is about Zhao Zhouqiao's appearance (structure)? What part is about the beauty of Zhao Zhouqiao?

The first paragraph (1) states the geographical location, designer and year of construction of Zhao Zhouqiao.

The second paragraph (2) describes the features of Zhao Zhouqiao's appearance (structure) and the benefits of this design. (Benefits: reducing impact and saving stones)

The third paragraph (3) describes the beauty of Zhao Zhouqiao.

The fourth paragraph (4) states that Zhao Zhouqiao is a precious historical heritage of our country.

Fourth, homework after class

Copy words. Read the text aloud.

Second lesson

First, review and consolidate.

1. Know the words

4. Read the text aloud

Second, study the text, feeling feeling.

1. Read and understand the first paragraph.

(1) Read the name out loud.

(2) Reading comprehension

(1) Tell me about the geographical location, designers and construction years of Zhao Zhouqiao.

② What do you mean by "world-famous" and "more than 1,300 years"?

(The former shows that Zhao Zhouqiao is famous not only in China, but also in the world, which shows that this bridge is very unusual and highlights its value and status; The latter means that it has been a long time. Imagine how many ups and downs Zhao Zhouqiao has experienced and how many people have been trampled by cars in such a long time. It still crosses the Weihe River, which shows that the bridge is firm, reasonable in design and high in engineering quality, and fully shows the wisdom and talent of the working people in ancient China. )

The second paragraph, reading comprehension

① Silent reading stratification

The first floor (1, 2) tells us that Zhao Zhouqiao is very magnificent.

The first floor (3, 4) tells that Zhao Zhouqiao has two characteristics in design.

The first layer (5) talked about the role of Zhao Zhouqiao.

The first floor (6) tells the design features of Zhao Zhouqiao.

② Fill in the blanks by silent reading.

First of all, Zhao Zhouqiao is magnificent, which is illustrated by its specific length and width. Then it introduces that Zhao Zhouqiao has two characteristics in design: first, there is no pier under the bridge, only an arched bridge opening; Second, there are two small arched bridge opening on the left and right sides of the bridge top. Then talk about the role of Zhao Zhouqiao. Finally, the advantages of Zhao Zhouqiao design are: firmness and stone saving. This superb and ingenious design can be called "the best in the world". Therefore, it is a history of bridge construction and a pioneering work.

③ Display: "Zhao Zhouqiao is magnificent."

Understanding: This is a general sentence, which describes in detail the length, width, building materials and shape characteristics of Zhao Zhouqiao around "majestic". Students can experience this specific method of writing content around a sentence in reading aloud.

What does the author use to illustrate the grandeur of Zhao Zhouqiao? (length and width. For example, the length of a classroom is about 9 meters, more than 50 meters is as long as five or six classrooms, and 9 meters is about the length of a classroom. What do you mean by "riding in the middle and keeping people on both sides"? This bridge is fully functional. This unique design embodies the designer's intelligence and has a far-reaching impact on the future bridge design. )

Teacher: Zhao Zhouqiao's grandeur is written in words, mainly expressed by numbers. When students read aloud, they can be guided to carefully understand the information conveyed by these numbers and read the "majestic" spirit.

(4) What are the two characteristics of the design? (control chart)

⑤ What is its function? (Usually ... when there is a flood ...)

What are the advantages of this design? (both ... and ...) Practice speaking with "both" ... and ... ".

⑦ Display: "This design is a pioneering work in bridge construction."

Understand the meaning of this sentence. (pioneering work, dictionary explanation: unprecedented behavior or cause. Stone arch bridges like Zhao Zhouqiao were first designed by Li Chun in Sui Dynasty. There is no precedent. )

Why is this design a pioneering work in bridge construction? (Because this design is ... and ..., so ...)

Today, I was thinking: does this design conform to the actual situation at that time? (Conformance: First, there is less water in peacetime and more water in flood; Second, Zhao Zhouqiao uses stones, but it is not easy to get them here. )

[14] Reading comprehension in the third paragraph

Read the text by name and think: What is this paragraph mainly about? (Aesthetic) What sentence does the author use to connect the last paragraph with this one? (first sentence)

② Read the text silently and fill in the blanks.

On both sides of the bridge are stone fences, and exquisite patterns are carved on the fence board: some are engraved with two intertwined dragons, and beautiful splashes are spit out in their mouths; Some are carved with two dragons, their forepaws touching each other and looking back at the front; The others are engraved with dragon balls. All the dragons seem to be swimming as if they were alive.

(3) What beauty does the author mainly focus on in Zhao Zhouqiao? (railings, mainly grasping the stone railings on both sides of the bridge, carved with exquisite patterns. )

Teacher: The carving on the railing is also a stone carving. How difficult is it to carve words on stones? (Ordinary masons are incompetent. Only a skilled craftsman can finish it. It has been 1300 years in Zhao Zhouqiao, but the carved patterns have not disappeared because of the passage of time, which shows that the carving is very deep and hard. )

④ What is the posture of carving a dragon? What does a semicolon do in a sentence?

The different postures of the three dragons are introduced with the word "some" ... some ... and some .... The first one is "interweaving splash". "Entanglement" means that the bodies of two dragons are intertwined. The second kind is "front paw deviation, looking back and looking forward". "Feilong" means dragons flying in the air. "lean" means to hold it with your front paws. "Looking back into the distance" means that although their front paws are facing each other, their heads are not facing each other, and they are all looking back into the distance. The third kind of "double dragon playing with beads" is that two dragons are playing with a bead. "Play" means play. A semicolon in a sentence indicates a pause in a coordinate relationship. These three clauses describe a kind of dragon. There are three vivid gestures, and each different gesture is distinguished by a semicolon. )

⑤ Understand the last sentence. I can see that the dragon carving is very vivid. "All dragons" includes not only the dragons in the three postures listed above, but also the functions of other postures that are not mentioned. Refers to every _ _ carved on the railing. These patterns make people feel that Zhao Zhouqiao is not only a bridge with practical value, but also a precious work of art, realizing the perfect unity from science to practicality and from practicality to art. )

What sentence does the author use to link the firmness of the last paragraph with the beauty of this paragraph? Do you understand the function of this sentence? This sentence is a transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following. It is also a summary sentence of two or three paragraphs. This sentence serves as a link between the preceding and the following, which implies that the former content is "firm" and the latter content is about to be "beautiful". That is, the first sentence summarizes the main contents of the second paragraph, and the second sentence prompts and summarizes the main contents of the third paragraph. With this transitional sentence, the second paragraph and the third paragraph are naturally connected. Using this expression in the article makes the article look clear. When students exchange their views on this issue, they don't necessarily need to tell a profound truth, as long as they understand that this sentence not only summarizes the previous content, but also leads to the later content. )

⑦ What to say first, then what to say, and finally what to say? What do you mainly talk about? In what way did the author write it? Practice speaking with "not only … but also …".

(First of all, use a transitional sentence like "not only" ... but also ... "to point out the focus of this paragraph-beauty; Specifically, the pattern is exquisite; Finally, summarize the praise. It is written in the form of "general-specific-summary". Find the beginning and end sentences. )

4. Reading comprehension, paragraph 4

① Read aloud to understand "wisdom", "talent" and "historical inheritance".

(2) Why is Zhao Zhouqiao a valuable historical heritage of China, which shows the wisdom and talent of the ancient working people in China? (1) Zhao Zhouqiao's design is very distinctive. (2) Zhao Zhouqiao is magnificent and solid, which has been 1300 years ago and is still intact. Zhao Zhouqiao is very beautiful. They all show the wisdom and talent of the working people. Zhao Zhouqiao is a precious treasure left by our ancestors and a place that our descendants are proud of. The structure of Zhao Zhouqiao and the design of the patterns on the fence are the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people. Dragon, no one has seen it. Its image and various poses are drawn by people's imagination. The construction of bridges and the carving of patterns require exquisite skills, which shows the talents of working people. Therefore, Zhao Zhouqiao is not only a bridge with practical value, but also a precious work of art, which has achieved the perfect unity from science to practicality and from practicality to art ...

(3) What is the function of this paragraph in the full text? (Summarize the full text and point out the center)

Third, the full text summary

1. In the whole article, we can realize that the author is not only introducing and praising the bridge, but also praising the people who built it, and we can better understand the pride and proud feelings that the author is full of when writing. Therefore, when reading the text, we should stand from the author's point of view, not only to express the emotions that the author wants to express, but also to express the emotions we experience from the text. Please read the text with this emotion.

Thinking: Why is Zhao Zhouqiao world-famous?

Chinese: This passage introduces the grandeur, magnificence and beauty of Zhao Zhouqiao, and praises the wisdom and talent of the ancient working people in China.

13. Teacher's summary: Zhao Zhouqiao is famous at home and abroad for its unique architectural style. Many bridge experts from all over the world have visited and studied in Zhao Zhouqiao. Now, a statue of Li Chun is erected next to Zhao Zhouqiao in memory of this great ancient architect. This shows how far-reaching Zhao Zhouqiao's influence is.