What is literature and what is literature?

Literature is a style in the whole human art.

There are two meanings here: first, literature, as a member of the human art family, must have similar or identical characteristics with other art styles. For example, all artistic styles are cultural phenomena, generally have certain social and ideological attributes, and all reflect the world in perceptual forms, subjective attitudes and imagination, and so on; Secondly, literature is a special style in human art, which has its own characteristics obviously different from other artistic styles. For example, it takes human language as the basic medium and exists in the form of language; Related to the media it uses and the way of existence, literature has formed its own characteristics different from other art forms. In a word, the differences and characteristics between literature and other arts depend on its language organization and language characteristics to some extent.

We take Wang Xiaobo's article A maverick pig as an example for analysis. He is a maverick himself. This pig is actually the embodiment of the author's own ideal, but why is it a pig? The fate of pigs is decided by people. Boars castrate, grow meat, eat silly, sleep stiff and wait for death. Sows give birth. But pigs are not satisfied with this setting, so breeding pigs will not mate with sows, and sows will eat their young. In fact, from this perspective, these pigs reflect the living conditions and psychology of people who have been established in society. They want to resist, but they are unable to resist, but they are helpless to some extent. This reflects one aspect of Wang Xiaobo's writing attitude, that is, his concern for the people. If you read his other essays, you will find this concern, especially at the ideological level. He wants people to have wisdom, think for themselves, oppose the setting and indoctrination of others, and hate the same life. It's far away. Let's talk about this article. There are two "I" in this article. One is the first person "I", an educated youth who likes pigs, and is called "I" of Brother Pig. This "I" is more realistic. From him, we can see the cowardice of the setter, which makes people have shortcomings in contrast with Brother Pig. The pig is the embodiment of the author's ideal, like a naive child, who has a strong curiosity about interesting things and wants to learn, such as the sound of cars and whistles. This is also Wang Xiaobo's own character. Li Yinhe said that Wang Xiaobo is like the outspoken child in The Emperor's New Clothes, and Wang Xiaobo advocates wisdom and freedom. These two points are reflected in this article.

Talk about style. His articles are humorous, but his humor is often hidden behind, such as his concern, his personality, his thinking and so on. As far as this article is concerned, I believe it will not be considered as a documentary or even absurd, but absurdity is not important, because this article should reflect the author's attitude towards life and what he cares about. The story, content and so on are just forms, and what connotation is carried in the form is the most important.

Literature uses language to shape artistic images and convey aesthetic feelings. Because literary language can only feel the artistic image through readers' imagination, the literary image is indirect. This indirectness is not only the limitation of language art, but also the specialty and advantage of language art, because it makes the literary image incomparable to other arts. The indirectness of literary image can be said to be one of the important characteristics that distinguish literature from all other arts. Whether it is architecture, practical arts and crafts, plastic arts such as painting and sculpture, or comprehensive arts such as music and dance, it directly affects people's senses by shaping artistic images, which can be seen, heard and even touched. The only exception is the image depicted by literature, a language art.

The first paragraph of the article is about pigs except the beginning and the middle two sentences. The first sentence is plain, which leads to the following. The middle sentence: "I don't think there is anything to complain about, because our life at that time was not much richer, and there was no pastime except eight model operas." This sentence is inserted naturally and often overlooked, but it is the eye of this paragraph or even the whole article. Because the article is not about pigs, but people. Although this sentence is an understatement, the author's anger at the monotonous life during the Cultural Revolution has been conveyed through black humor: human life is similar to animals! It is a unique character to make various settings for life-this sentence is thought-provoking. If the above sentence is only an indictment of the Cultural Revolution, then it is a reflection on life. The example given by the author is Sparta in ancient Greece, which shows that setting up life, especially setting up other people's lives, is a question of thinking about primates-human beings. In the process of reading works, a vivid image is presented in the mind through positive association and imagination, which constitutes the indirectness of language artistic image, so people call literature "the art of imagination". Although the literary image can't be directly grasped by readers' sensory organs, it can stimulate readers' imagination through the intermediary of language, and it can also make people immersive, resulting in an immersive aesthetic effect, so that the literary image can be vividly presented in readers' minds. There is a close relationship between ideology and emotion in literary works. In a sense, the ideological content of literary works is always wrapped in emotion and expressed through artistic images. Only works that permeate emotions into thoughts can have artistic charm that shocks the soul, and readers can deeply understand the ideological connotation contained in the works while being excited. On the other hand, the emotionality of literary works is inseparable from ideology, because this kind of emotion is often guided by rational thought and becomes a tendency with specific love and hate. The so-called tendentiousness is actually the ideological and artistic attribute of the writer's love, hate and praise in literary works. Obviously, the ideological content and emotional content in literary works penetrate and blend with each other, and become an indispensable element in all literary works. The structure and language of literary works have a special position and function. They are not only important artistic means to constitute literary works, but also have aesthetic value. As an organic whole, literary works must be completed by the important means of structure. For literary works, structure plays an extremely important role, even directly related to the success or failure of the whole work.

In a word, literature takes language as the medium and means, which is quite different from other arts in nature. Because literature takes language as the medium and means, language art has formed many unique aesthetic characteristics, which are embodied in emotion and ideology, indirectness and extensiveness, structure and language beauty.