How to write an outline of junior high school composition?

The outline writing procedure is as follows:

First, prepare the topic.

(a) the title is closely related to the theme, but it serves the theme; The title can be changed, but the theme can't be changed at will.

The leading proposition of examination composition should avoid the previous proposition and its fixed routine, and be based on foundation and practicality, giving candidates room to play. The test questions will have the flavor of the times and conform to the life and ideological reality of the candidates. Such a proposition has a wide range of applications and strives to give candidates something to say.

(2) The composition of the exam is mostly propositional composition, and there are also many conditions that allow candidates to make their own propositions after providing materials. This must be carefully and slowly examined (as well as your own proposition).

The ancients often used the method of grasping the topic, such as the word "ugly" in the inscription of the humble room. The ancients divided complete topics into body, spirit and eyes, such as "feelings of parting". As a "difference", that is, the main content, God is "Yi Yi", that is, measuring color and aiming at "emotion", that is, the core key. Another example is "Analysis of Social Classes in China", entitled "Social Classes in China" and "Analysis". The ancient method of examining questions gives inspiration to today's exam.

Today's topic review is also to review the meaning of the topic, clarify the requirements of the topic, and grasp the key points to make the composition targeted. Examining questions is the key to the success or failure of composition. The steps are as follows:

The first step is to clarify the relationship between the topic and the theme and content, analyze every restrictive word, and grasp the topic and key points. The modifiers of topic head words show a limited scope. For example, the story of a hero inspired me, and the restrictive words are "one" and "hero". The title component also limits the style, content, theme and characters of the composition. For example, knowledge is power, and writing argumentative papers is restricted. And "one thing that should be forgotten" limits the writing of narrative.

1. Analyze the meaning of each word for the topic marked with material scope and content focus, and then comprehensively grasp the topic. For example, "teach me something": "give it to me" means that this matter is related to yourself; "Lessons" should show the educational significance of events in the composition, which is the topic or key point, and the composition should take this as the central content and basic clue. For example, one of my good habits focuses on the word "good".

2. For topics with profound implications, we should contact reality and ourselves to see the big picture from the small. For example, the key is to associate life or society from the Window in front of you. Another example is "climbing" and "I want to be a little bee".

3. For topics that provide clues, the scope and focus of the composition should be determined around the clues. For example, "I am practicing a motto", and the clue is "motto", so we should associate it with it, especially with real life and ourselves. Can not leave the meaning of "motto". Another example is "lucky money" and so on.

4. Ask yourself the topic of providing specific materials. This is a semi-propositional composition. Need to analyze and grasp the center of gravity of materials. Such as materials:

1On March 27th, 954, Einstein wrote back to an American self-taught intern mechanic and said, "I think your view of our society is very reasonable. ..... Your letter also made me realize that wisdom comes not from academic qualifications, but from lifelong unremitting pursuit of knowledge. "

The emphasis is on Einstein's views on wisdom, education and pursuit, not his contribution.

Some materials will have more than two important meanings and should be analyzed from different angles. For example:

On the eve of the return of Hong Kong-June 1. Ke Shouliang, the "first pilot in Asia", successfully flew over Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River in order to present a precious gift to the motherland, completing another feat of Chinese people conquering nature. Before flying to the Yellow River, he said that he would use his successful flight to announce to the world that the people of China are not cowards. "Without a soul, life is like the waves of the sea ... if you work hard, you will win." This is Ke Shouliang's favorite song.

This material has two critics, one is Ke Shouliang's fighting spirit (not his achievement), and the other is Ke Shouliang's patriotic spirit. Candidates wrote such topics as "Hard work leads to victory", "Hard work is the most important thing", "The spirit of hard work" and "Patriotism needs doers".

The second step is to determine the theme of the composition, that is, to make a decision, that is, to write a judgment sentence. The theme is a clear understanding of oneself, which must meet the requirements of the proposition and be correct and profound.

For example, the topic is "My family" and the theme can be determined as: "My family is a kind and noble person." For example, Einstein's material mentioned above, you can write a theme like this: "Wisdom comes from the lifelong pursuit of knowledge." As mentioned earlier, Ke Shouliang's materials, except "On the Spirit of Struggle", are all themes. For example, what is the value of life? You can write the theme "Life value is contribution".

(3) Title type

You must choose your own topic to write a composition for this material. In other words, the topics of the composition should be classified. Taking the relationship between title and theme as the main criterion, the title types are as follows.

The title of a literary work is:

1. The image summarizes the meaning. This kind of title is very common, because symbolism is traditional and conforms to the essence of literature. Such titles in famous literary works include Red Sorghum, Castle and Old Well. The topics of the senior high school entrance examination are Climbing, Windows, My Footprints and I Want to Be a Little Bee.

2. Point out the content of the composition, that is, the scope of the subject matter. This kind of address is also very common. For example, the title of the model essay is Me in Mom's Eyes, Affectionate Friendship and Remembering a Flag Raising Activity.

3. Something related to the theme, or the language of the characters. For example, My Memories, Schoolbag and Lucky Money.

4. Name, place name, time, etc. For example, maternal love, on the way to school and on Sunday.

This title requires: image, implication and novelty. Famous literary works, such as The True Story of Ah Q, are novel and unique, blending local culture and foreign culture. It has pictographic function, like A Q and China people dragging their pigtails in the late Qing Dynasty. A good title makes the finishing point, makes people fall in love at first sight, and reflects the author's literary attainments. China women's volleyball team lost to Cuba 0-3, and beat Cuba 3-0 at the University Games the following year. Most news headlines accurately sum up this fact. There is a headline that is quite vivid, "Give her a 3-0". This title that shows the background, pride and sense of humor is easy to understand and catchy. Note: the custom topic can be original and novel, but the theme cannot be separated from the limitation of the material content, and must not pursue strangeness.

B is the topic of scientific composition:

1. Directly indicate the topic. A title is a judgment sentence consisting of a subject (which can be omitted), a predicate and an object. Such as "Be a Young Man". Another example is the title of the exam model essay "Good habits benefit people for life", "Classmate, you can't do this" and "Nothing is difficult for a willing mind". Such a title has such a pattern ... yes (verb) ... "and" ... go ... ".

2. Point out the scope of the content. There is an open or open title mode. The word "on" is omitted from the titles of some papers. For example, the title of the model essay for the senior high school entrance examination is revolutionary friendship and loyalty in rivers and lakes, something more valuable than money, talking about interest and my hobbies.

3. Ask questions, ask questions and sigh to show the theme tendency. For example, "Have China people lost confidence?" "Never again" can rest! This kind of question is rare in exam composition. The title of the model essay is "Does Mom really like fish heads?" And "Let more people plant trees".

4. Ask questions that make people think deeply. Such as the title of the model essay "Should this practice be advocated" and "What is the most beautiful".

Requirements for such titles: 1. Exactly. First, it must be consistent with the content and can't digress. Second, the meaning is consistent with the composition, and "talking about difficulties" cannot be written as "talking about life". Third, it should conform to the style of writing, such as the title or narrative of official documents. 2. Exquisite. Titles can only be long when necessary. Step 3 stand out. One is image, and the other is novelty.

C. write a topic sentence.

Theme plays a central role in composition. If composition is spiritual life, then the material is flesh and blood, the structure is bone, the language is cell, the expression is skin, the clue is vein, and the theme is the core.

The composition is written around the topic sentence. To write an argumentative essay, you must first write the central argument, and then you can analyze why, or use other argumentation methods such as giving factual examples. When writing a narrative, you must first understand the topic sentence, and then let the topic sentence be the soul to draft the full text. The topic sentence is best displayed in the middle part (topic sentences or similar sentences can also appear at the beginning and end).

The theme is the basic knowledge expressed by the candidates through all the materials in the composition, which is embodied in a logical judgment sentence (about 10). However, the common themes or central ideas in teaching, especially in primary and secondary schools, are vague, and some are still routines. The formulaic theme of "expression and praise" is embodied in logical judgment. This judgment should be concentrated and clear. In short, the correct topic writing is a judgment sentence with subject (which can be omitted), predicate and object. For example, the theme of "Who is the cutest person" is "Volunteers are the cutest people".

Just as the level of soul determines the level of people, the level of topic sentences also determines the level of composition, that is to say,

Topic sentences are hierarchical. The author must give full play to subjectivity and make the topic sentence reach a higher level.

The most basic level of topic sentence should be objective level, that is, topic sentence accurately reflects the essence of the central content of composition.

Real. In narration, topic sentences either summarize a person's true and objective personality characteristics or describe the essential characteristics of a thing. For example, "He is a creative person." In argumentative writing, the central argument reveals the objective essence of the things discussed.

A higher level understanding of topic sentences is an understanding with scientific and cultural depth and breadth. This requires the author's ideological understanding.

Improvement of self-cultivation. Such a sentence can be said to have reached a realm full of cultural color: "He is a contemporary Bi Sheng."

A higher-level topic sentence is a philosophical understanding. Philosophy simply means

It is universal and permanent. For example, "He is a man with eternal pursuit."

Hegel believes that aesthetics is a highly developed philosophy, and philosophy is the essence of all human cognition. The so-called beauty is actually the essence of advanced life and its free creation, which enhances people's positive significance. Accordingly, the author believes that the highest realm of topic sentences should be aesthetic life perception. For example, "He represents the new mankind."

Topic sentence is the core of composition, which runs through the whole text as the leading idea and guides the whole text. This is well known. But some people don't know how to control it, especially the position of the topic sentence in the composition. The author thinks that the position of topic sentences in composition should be clear. Just explain the position of topic sentences in argumentative and narrative texts.

The position of topic sentences in argumentative writing;

The topic is usually written in a topic sentence, which is the central argument.

At the beginning, you should usually write a topic sentence at the end of the paragraph, or write a topic related to the topic sentence.

In the middle, it mainly uses analytical methods-explaining why and how the theme is divided into two or three layers, and using other argumentation methods such as enumerating facts in writing. Highlight the topic sentences behind the middle part.

The conclusion reiterates the topic sentence, which can be changed or further.

Narrative pays attention to thematic sentences, which many people can't recognize. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the necessity of topic sentences in narrative. When writing a narrative, you should first understand the topic sentence at the stage of conceiving the outline, and then let the topic sentence be the soul to draft the full text, and the topic sentence should be displayed in the middle (the topic sentence or similar sentence can also appear at the beginning and end). The position of topic sentence in narrative;

Titles Many titles are themes, some are not, but they may be related to the theme.

Prompt or display the theme at the beginning, usually after the beginning.

In the middle of the climax, we should strengthen (emphasize) the theme at the end.

Repeat the theme at the end.

From the above understanding, it is necessary for Chinese teaching to tell students that the composition should not only be written around topic sentences, but also be interspersed with topic sentences, and there should be a three-stage process of "putting forward-emphasizing-reaffirming" topic sentences. This is the breakthrough point to improve students' writing level.