How does the author in Ma Shuo explain his arguments in depth?

1. The first paragraph summarizes the relationship between Bole and Chollima.

First, we put forward the argument that there is a Bole in the world, and then there is a Chollima, and then verify the argument through positive and negative arguments.

Counter argument: Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is not called a thousand-mile horse. ?

Positive argument: Chollima often exists, but Bole does not often exist

2. The second paragraph describes that Chollima is not taken seriously and is discovered, and uses negative arguments to continue to prove the argument.

Counter argument: Pointing out that those who eat horses don’t know that they can travel thousands of miles and eat them, which is also the reason why a thousand-mile horse is buried.

3. The third paragraph satirizes those who do not know a thousand-mile horse and lament that there is no horse, denounces their stupidity and arrogance and ignorance, and once again points out the central point: they really do not know horses.

Extended information

"The Story of Horses" is a reasoning article, which looks like a fable but is not a fable. It uses metaphors to reason but does not directly explain the arguments held and does not express personal opinions. imposed on the reader. To describe the experience of Chollima through image thinking, he puts forward the facts and saves the need for words to explain the truth. The author uses function words in ancient Chinese (particles, interjections and connectives) to reflect the taste and artistic conception of singing three sighs.

The allusion of Bole was quoted by Han Yu several times, which shows the rough fate of Han Yu.

The first sentence of "Horse Theory" is the major premise: "There is a Bole and then there is a thousand-mile horse." This proposition is illogical. Because existence determines consciousness, the knowledge and experience of Bo Leshan's horses must be obtained from the large number of horses that exist in society (or in nature), and then gradually summarized. Therefore, some people think that Han Yu's words are putting the cart before the horse and are idealistic. From the perspective of materialist principles, this statement is wrong.

Han Yu used it as a language, but it is a thought-provoking aphorism and a famous saying. Because there are too few people in the world with Bole's knowledge and skills. Therefore, the author clearly points out the main idea below and expresses Chollima's infinite grievances. Precisely because "Bo Le is not always available", many Chollimas not only cannot find a good herder, but are "only humiliated in the hands of slaves" and are spoiled by ignorant villains.

These BMWs died in stables, suffering misfortunes and ending tragically. If these horses are not regarded as thousand-mile horses, the death of the thousand-mile horse will be insignificant. "Not called a thousand-mile horse" contains the following meaning: no one even sympathizes with them, let alone expresses regret, regret, remorse and heartache for the death of a thousand-mile horse.

From the surface of the article, the author has said it thoroughly, but there is a lot of bitterness and pain that has not been revealed. It seems unrestrained, but in fact it has rich connotations. The author depicts the contradiction between the "horse-eater" and the thousand-mile horse. The contrast between the two depicts not only the depression and injustice of the thousand-mile horse, but also the ignorance and tyranny of those who do not recognize true talent.

When no one creates favorable objective conditions for a thousand-mile horse, it sometimes wants to show its talents but has nowhere to use them. Finally, it reaches the point where it is powerless and cannot even compare to an ordinary horse. It cannot realize the function of traveling thousands of miles a day, so the treatment is not as good as that of an "ordinary horse". Humiliation and death are not surprising and will not attract people's attention.

Due to being a horse eater, a thousand-mile horse cannot fulfill its duties and will be criticized and punished. It is often beaten up and its treatment becomes even worse (it cannot use its food to its full potential). On the surface, "horse eater" is not a bole and does not understand horse language, but it implies that it is useless for people with unappreciated talents to appeal to ignorant and tyrannical rulers.

At this point in the article, the author still felt that it was not enough, so he continued to describe it in depth from the "human" aspect by using "it sounds but cannot understand its meaning". It makes the article vivid and profound, and also shows the author's anger. The author did not immediately condemn this kind of "person" who does not know horses. Instead, he asked him to pretend to understand when faced with a thousand-mile horse, and said that "there is no horse in the world."

This means that such a "person" is quite good in terms of subjective motivation. It's not that he doesn't want to select talents, and it's not that he doesn't have the heart to seek and use talents. Unfortunately, there are too few talented people. It is obviously the subjective problem of "people", but the formation of this situation is attributed to the unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory objective conditions.

There was a thousand-mile horse in front of him, but the horse-eater lamented that "there is no horse in the world" at the thousand-mile horse, thinking that it was just a horse that was not even as good as an ordinary horse. This is the author's irony. When the article is written here, the author immediately points out the topic and uses woohoo! Is there really no horse evil (yé)? In fact, I really don’t know about horses! At the end, the contradiction between "no horse" and "no horse" is brought to a climax. This is the result of Han Yu’s condensation and concentration techniques.