Translation and Appreciation of "Yumiao Yumiao Kongshanli"

The author of "Yu Temple·Yu Temple in the Empty Mountain" is Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The full text of his ancient poem is as follows:

In the empty mountain of Yu Temple, the autumn wind sets and the sun sets.

Oranges and pomelos hang down in the deserted courtyard, and dragons and snakes are painted in ancient houses.

The clouds create a virtual wall, and the sound of the river flows through the white sand.

If I had known earlier, I would have taken four years to control the three roads.

Foreword

"Yu Temple" is a five-rhyme poem composed by Du Fu, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, in the first year of Yongtai (765). The first couplet of this poem points out the location and season of the visit, eliciting allusions to Dayu's flood control; the chin couplet describes the scenery inside Dayu Temple from far to near; the neck couplet describes the environment and atmosphere around Dayu Temple, with steaming clouds inside the temple. The deafening sound of the river at the foot of the mountain is a majestic scene, which alludes to Dayu's achievements in flood control; the last couplet uses the scenery to express emotions, commemorating Dayu's great achievements in flood control. The whole poem has ups and downs of emotions, and the writing is deep and powerful. It eulogizes Dayu's great achievements in flood control and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of remembering the hero, being patriotic and caring for the people.

Comments

⑴Yu Temple: refers to the Dayu Temple built on the cliff of Linjiang in Linjiang County, Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province).

⑵Empty Mountain: A deep forest with few people.

⑶The setting sun slants: describes the way the setting sun shines slantingly.

⑷Tangerine and pomelo: According to "Shang Shu·Yu Gong", after Yu controlled the flood, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the barbarian people in the southeastern islands also packed the harvest of tangerine and pomelo as tribute.

⑸Dragon and snake: refers to the story painted on the wall of Dayu driving the dragon and snake to control the flood.

⑹ The virtual wall: One work is "Hush Qingbi". Virtual wall: an empty wall.

⑺River: refers to the Yangtze River under the cliff where Yu Temple is located.

⑻Four Years: It is said that Dayu used four means of transportation when he was controlling floods: water travel by boat, land travel by car, mountain travel by tree (mountain climbing equipment), mud travel by sled (shaped like a The boat is short and slightly tilted at both ends, allowing people to step on it and walk on the mud). "Complete Tang Poems" notes: "Zai", without the sound,

⑼Sparse: One is "Liu Luo". Sanba: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhang divided the Shu region into Badong County, Ba County, and Brazil County. Legend has it that this place was originally Daze. Yu dug out the Three Gorges and drained away the water before it became land.

Translation

Dayu Temple is located in an empty mountain col, with the rustling autumn wind accompanied by the slanting sunlight of the setting sun. Tangerines and pomeloes hang down in the desolate temples, and dragons, snakes, tigers and leopards are painted on the walls of ancient houses. The steaming clouds are lingering on the house walls, and the deep river water is rolling up the white sand waves. Dayu spent four years digging mountains and clearing roads, and finally subdued the dragon dragon in the Sanba area.

Appreciation

In this poem, Mu Fu affectionately praises the achievements of the ancient emperor Dayu, and highlights his hope for the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, hoping that they can work hard to govern and create glory. performance.

"In the empty mountain of Yu Temple, the autumn wind sets and the sun sets." The first couplet highlights the location of Ming Yu Temple and the surrounding landscape; Yu Temple is located in the lonely mountains, and the bleak autumn wind and the afterglow of the setting sun make Yu Temple lonely. The outside is even more desolate. When readers break the order of the poems and reconstruct the scene of Yu Temple in their imagination, they are surprised to find that although Yu Temple is ancient, it is vigorous, and although it is desolate, it is full of resilience. Although the autumn wind is strong and the setting sun is weak, it makes Yu Temple even more solemn and solemn. This was the poet's true feelings at this time, that is, admiration and nostalgia, so the poet began to visit this ancient temple.

"Tangerines and pomelo hang down in the deserted courtyard, and dragons and snakes are painted in the ancient houses." This couplet describes the scene inside the temple. Inside the temple are "deserted courtyards" and "ancient houses", which seem to be very dilapidated, but the poet unexpectedly discovered: the tall orange and pomelo trees in the courtyard are covered with huge fruits; the walls of the house are covered with paintings of flying dragons and snakes. As a result, the deserted courtyard and ancient house are full of vitality and vitality. The courtyard is no longer desolate and the ancient house is no longer dilapidated. If readers interpret this couplet purely literally, they will see the natural landscape mentioned above. However, if readers check the classics, they will find that the poet used an allusion to Dayu here: Dayu controlled floods and was loved by the people. He drives away dragons and snakes, which benefits both living beings and creatures. When readers understand these allusions, the vibrant natural scenery becomes a tribute to the heroic deeds of ancient emperors, and the realm of poetry is enhanced.

It can be seen that the poet combined the allusions of Dayu with the real scene in front of him, so that the description of the scenery contained allusions without being seen to be using allusions, that is, the sceneries and allusions were integrated into one. Therefore, the predecessors praised Du Fu's couplet as "using things into things". He praised Du Fu's brushwork as an "unique skill through the ages".

"The clouds whisper against the green wall, and the sound of the river flows over the white sand." This couplet describes the scene outside the temple. On the mountain where Yu Temple is located, white clouds flow away, as if they are teasing the moss-covered cliffs; in the river below Yu Temple Mountain, the waves roar, seeming to sweep away the white sand on the shore as they run forward. The white clouds tease the green wall, while the river waves roll up the sand on the shore. This is like a painting that is both interesting and spectacular. The reader can realize that the poet's heart is full of excitement and enthusiasm at this time. The poet hints that this excitement and enthusiasm are given by the magnificent landscape of nature, and are stirred by Dayu's great deeds of flood control, so he introduces the second couplet to describe Dayu's deeds. "The words "hush" and "walk" are used very expressively: "hush" means to exhale slowly, and the state of slowly unwinding the clouds close to the green wall is written very naughtily, thinking that it is the white clouds gently moving toward the wall. Qingbi huffed and teased Qingbi, like a cute little girl; "walk" means to run. This word can be said to mean that the Yangtze River is running, or that the roar of the Yangtze River is running and spreading. It can also be said that the white sand on the shore is running forward under the influence of the river water, which can be said to bring to life the scene of the Yangtze River flowing to the Three Gorges, giving readers a vivid, static and moving situation, which is both interesting and full of power.

"I had known earlier that I would take four years to control the three roads. " Walking out of the Yu Temple, standing on the cliff, looking at the Three Gorges in the distance, the poet's heroic feelings caused by the greatness of Dayu and the magnificence of the landscape have reached the extreme, so he forced out an admiration at the end of the couplet: Dayu, I have heard about it a long time ago. You traveled around for four years, dredged the Yangtze River, and dug the heroic deeds of Sanba. Today, I see your achievements and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges you created. I admire your greatness even more. According to the poetic meaning of this couplet, it goes from top to bottom! The sentences are connected, that is, "I knew it early" and "It took four years to dredge up and control Sanba". Generally speaking, the poems that can be connected are not easy to match, so the sentence patterns that are connected are commonly used only in poems, such as Xin Qiji's "Shuilongyin" : "As the sun sets above the building, amid the sound of broken bells, Jiangnan wanderers looked at Wu Gou and patted the railings all over, with no intention of joining the party or boarding. "But here Du Fu connected the sentences, but also matched them very neatly, "Cheng" versus "Control", "Four Years" versus "Sanba", cleverly without compromising the poetic meaning. It can really be said that his writing skills are sophisticated.

This poem is about the Yu Temple. Except for the last couplet, there is no direct mention of Dayu. The poet mainly writes about what he sees outside the temple, and then writes about the river from the inside to the outside. It involves the historical achievements of Dayu. The whole poem has concise language and profound artistic conception. By changing the perspective of looking far and near, using the combination of virtual and real, personification and expressiveness, it has achieved the artistic effect of blending scenes and long lasting charm, and eulogized Dayu. The great achievements of flood control for generations also express the thoughts and feelings of commemorating heroes, patriotism and caring for the people. In the forty words of "Yu Temple", the scenery, temple appearance and merits are all-encompassing, and the writing method is rigorous. , the overall atmosphere is majestic, and it is a masterpiece of chanting history and remembering the past. Some scholars even believe that no temple poems in the Tang Dynasty can surpass the achievements of Du Fu's "Yu Temple" and "Chong Jing Zhaoling".