Tell me why you study German.

The so-called "Ostenoder Westen, Mein Haussist Ambesten." It is best to learn German or teach yourself at home.

Learning German, like learning any language, is divided into two stages, one is called phonetic stage and the other is called basic stage.

First, the phonetic stage.

German is a phonetic symbol. Generally speaking, there is no need for international phonetic symbols. As long as you master the pronunciation rules, you can spell words. German has 30 letters, including 8 vowels and 24 consonants.

1. Know the consonants.

B b Lips are closed, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, the tongue surface is flat, air is extracted, the obstruction is broken, and the vocal cords should vibrate.

C c lip teeth slightly open, the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth, soft palate lifted, forming obstruction, forced air supply to break the obstruction, without vibrating the vocal cords.

D d Lip teeth slightly open, the tip of the tongue and the upper gum form obstruction, and the air supply blows away the obstruction and vibrates the vocal cords.

F f the lower lip is gently attached to the edge of the tooth, and the air flow grazes the gap between the lip and the tooth, which will not vibrate the vocal cords.

G g Lip teeth are slightly opened, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, and the soft palate is lifted, forming obstruction, air supply breaking obstruction and vibrating vocal cords.

H h When the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the lips and teeth are slightly opened and the vocal cords do not vibrate. The airflow passes through the glottis and comes out of the mouth.

J j's lips and teeth are slightly open, and the corners of his mouth are slightly backward. The tip of his tongue approaches the lower teeth downwards and is lifted to the hard palate. The air source will form friction through the gap between the tongue surface and the hard palate, and the vocal cords will vibrate.

K k lip teeth slightly open, the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth, soft palate lifted, forming obstruction, forced air supply to break the obstruction, without vibrating the vocal cords.

L l The lips and teeth are slightly open, the chin is slightly drooping, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gum, and air flows through the gap between the sides of the tongue and the molars, vibrating the vocal cords.

M m lips are lightly closed, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the tongue surface is naturally flat, and the soft palate is drooping. Air flows through the nasal cavity and vibrates the vocal cords.

N Lips and teeth are slightly open, teeth are attached to the tip of the tongue, soft palate is drooping, air is sent through nasal cavity, and vocal cords are vibrated.

P p lips are closed, the tip of the tongue is against the lower teeth, the tongue surface is flat, air supply, forced air supply breaks the obstruction, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Qu begins with k, followed by W.

R r Lip and teeth are open, chin is slightly drooping, tip of tongue is close to lower teeth, back of tongue surface is raised, and uvula is naturally drooping. Breathing makes the uvula vibrate and vibrates the vocal cords.

S's lips are slightly open, the upper and lower teeth are slightly separated, and the tip of the tongue gently presses the lower teeth. Breathing through the gap between the front tongue and the upper and lower teeth produces friction, which makes the vocal cords vibrate (not vibrating in words and rhyme endings).

The lips are slightly open, the upper and lower teeth are slightly separated, and the tip of the tongue gently abuts against the lower teeth, so that the air source can rub through the gap between the front tongue and the upper and lower teeth without vibrating the vocal cords.

T t's lips and teeth are slightly open, and the tip of the tongue and the upper gum form an obstacle. Forced air supply will open the obstruction without vibrating the vocal cords.

V v's lower lip is gently attached to the edge of the teeth, and the air flow grazes the gap between the lips and the teeth without vibrating the vocal cords.

W w's lower lip is gently attached to the edge of the teeth, and the airflow rubs the gap between the lips and the teeth, vibrating the vocal cords.

Polyphony with x, k and s

Y y lips and teeth slightly open, corners of the mouth slightly backward, the tip of the tongue approaches the lower teeth downward, and the front of the tongue is lifted to the hard palate, so that air supply will form friction through the gap between the tongue surface and the hard palate, and the vocal cords will vibrate.

The tip of Z z tongue first sticks to the gum, then hangs slightly, and the airflow leaks from the mouth, forming a fricative sound.

2. Know vowels.

A a's mouth is wide, her tongue is naturally flat, and the tip of her tongue is facing the lower teeth.

The lips and teeth are open, the mouth is flat, the tip of the tongue gently touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is raised to the hard palate.

E e The lips and teeth are open, the mouth is flat, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is raised to the hard palate.

I i lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are backward, and the front of the tongue is raised forward.

O o lips stretch forward and knead into a circle, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised to the soft palate.

The tongue position is like hair E, the lip shape is like hair O, and the lips stretch forward and knead into a circle.

U u lips stretch forward and knead into a circle, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised to the back hard palate.

ü The tongue position is like hair I, the lip shape is like hair U, and the lips stretch forward and knead into a circle.

When y is in the middle or the end of a word, it is equivalent to the vowel.

When five vowels and three inflected vowels are followed by no consonants or only one consonant, pronounce their names, that is, pronounce their long sounds: zu Bad mir Bete.

Visually check the words. A vowel with only one consonant after it should be pronounced with a sound, that is, a short sound: ab an des fit was.

3. Consonant linking:

chs Wachs

ds Abends

nk Dank

Sp spot

Saint Starr

ts nichts

tz Litze

4. Vowel group:

Aa has a wide mouth, a naturally flat tongue, and the tip of the tongue sticks to the lower teeth.

Ee's lips and teeth are open and her mouth is flat. The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is raised to the hard palate.

Ie's lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are backward, and the front of the tongue is raised forward.

Oo lips stretch forward and knead into a circle, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised to the soft palate.

5. Compound consonants:

Ch Lips and teeth are slightly open, corners of mouth are slightly backward, the tip of tongue approaches the lower teeth downward, and the front of tongue is lifted to the hard palate, so that the air source forms friction through the gap between the tongue surface and the hard palate, and the vocal cords do not vibrate. Pronounce vowels before ch, such as ech and ich.

Ch's lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth, and the back tongue inflates the soft palate. Breathing through the gap between the tongue and the soft palate produces friction and does not vibrate the vocal cords. The vowel before ch sometimes gives a name, and sometimes it is pronounced: ach och auch.

Ck only pronounce a k, and the vowel in front of it must pronounce a sound, that is, a short sound.

The lips of Dsch extend forward, the upper and lower teeth are slightly separated, and the tip of the tongue is close to the upper gum. When the airflow passes by, it will break the blockage and rub out from the gaps between the tip of the tongue, the upper jaw, the teeth and the lips, and the vocal cords will vibrate.

Dt only sounds t.

Ng's lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the tongue surface is raised and close to the hard palate, and the soft palate is drooping. Air is sent through the nasal cavity to vibrate the vocal cords.

Ph The lower lip is gently attached to the edge of the teeth, and the air flow brushes the gap between the lips and the teeth without vibrating the vocal cords.

Sch's lips stretch forward slightly, gather slightly, the upper and lower teeth are slightly opened, and the tip of the tongue is lifted to the gums. Air is sent out through the gap between the tip of the tongue, the upper jaw, the teeth and the lips, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Ss lips slightly open, upper and lower teeth slightly open, the tip of the tongue gently abuts against the lower teeth, and air is supplied through the gap between the front tongue and the upper and lower teeth to generate friction without vibrating the vocal cords.

Th only sent a T.

Tsch's lips extend forward, the upper and lower teeth are slightly separated, and the tip of the tongue is close to the upper gum. When the airflow passes by, it breaks through the obstacles and rubs out from the gaps between the tip of the tongue, the upper jaw, teeth and lips, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

6. the pronunciation of vowels plus H.

Ah, the mouth is wide open, the tongue is naturally flat, and the tip of the tongue is facing the lower teeth.

The position of H tongue, such as eh, drooping jaw and wide mouth, is close to the mouth shape of ah.

Eh's lips and teeth are open, his mouth is flat, the tip of his tongue lightly touches the lower teeth, and the front of his tongue is raised to the hard palate.

Ih lips and teeth are slightly open, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are backward, and the front of the tongue is raised forward.

Oh, the lips are stretched forward and pinched into a circle, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised to the soft palate.

H tongue position such as hair eh, lip shape such as hair oh, lips stretch forward and knead into a circle.

Er, the lips stretch forward and knead into a circle, the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, and the tongue surface is raised to the back hard palate.

üh The lips stretch forward and knead into a circle, such as uh, and the tongue position is like ih.

7. Special vowel group.

Ai, ei, ay, ey, diphthongs, slide from A to ih.

Au, diphthongs, slide from a to uh.

U, eu, diphthongs, from O to ü h.

Er, weak vowel E, slightly parted lips, corners of mouth not backward, naturally drooping chin and flat tongue.

Second, the basic stage.

German is a kind of inflectional language with the following grammatical features:

German words are classified into 13 categories according to grammatical functions: articles, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals, verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, adverbs, modal particles, modal particles, exclamations and onomatopoeia. The first six categories have morphological changes and are called variable parts of speech; The last six categories have no morphological changes and are called invariant parts of speech.

The first letter of a noun in German must be capitalized. There are three genders of German nouns (masculine, feminine and neuter), and the genders of other words are often irregular except for the rules of gender comparison of nouns directly to people. German also has four cases (nominative, accusative and possessive) and two numbers (singular and plural). In use, apart from some changes of nouns themselves, the nature, number and case of nouns in sentences are mainly expressed by the changes of articles, pronouns, adjectives and some numerals before nouns. When learning a noun, remember its nature and remember it together with the article.

Verb inflections include person, number and time: including present tense (pr? Sens), past tense (Pr? Terium), future tense (Futur I), present perfect tense (Perfekt), past perfect tense (Plusquamperfekt) and future perfect tense (Futur II), voice (active voice, passive voice) and modality (direct expression, imperative mood, subjunctive mood). For example, the present tense is used to indicate what is happening now, the past past tense is used for indirect speech, and the first subjunctive form is used for indirect speech. German verbs can be divided into weak verbs, strong verbs and mixed verbs. When learning a verb, we must learn its inflected form.

Characteristics of German sentence structure:

Verb predicate is the core of a sentence, which needs the object or preposition object of each case and various complements.

In ordinary declarative sentences, when the subject or other sentence components are at the beginning of the sentence, the predicate verb always takes the second place. If the predicate consists of two parts, namely, the changeable part (time auxiliary verb or modal auxiliary verb) and the immutable part (infinitive or verb second participle), the changeable part takes the second place (in some sentences, it takes the first place), and the immutable part takes the end of the sentence, which is a unique predicate "frame structure" in German.

Another feature of syntax is that the verb predicate is located at the end of the sentence, and the order of sentence components is: conjunction or relative pronoun-subject and other components of the sentence-verb predicate.

I hope it can help you solve the problem.