The Historical Origin of Xijing Ancient Road

The so-called "Xijing Ancient Road", let's talk about its origin first. Xijing, located in Xi City, Shaanxi Province, was the political, economic and cultural center of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. Xijing from the Five Dynasties Jin Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty refers to Luoyang City, Henan Province. The so-called "Xijing Ancient Road" in ancient Ruyuan refers to the local road leading to Beijing.

(A) the affiliation of milk sources in history.

Ruyuan is located in the north of Guangdong Province. The Spring and Autumn Period belongs to Baiyue, the Warring States Period belongs to Chu and the Qin Dynasty belongs to Nanhai County. Qujiang County was established in the sixth year of Ding Yuan (1 1 year BC). In the Three Kingdoms period, the first year of Ganlu (256) belonged to Shixing County (located in Qujiang) in Soochow. Tang belongs to Shaozhou (the original Xingxian area was renamed Guangxing County and Donghengzhou). In the third year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 167), Ruyuan Township and Chongxin Township in the west of Qujiang County were zoned. Ruyuan County is located in Xinxing Township in the south of Lechang County. County is located in Yutang (now the dairy town of Hougongdu Xinlinwu and Wu Luo). Yuan Yanyou lived in Shaozhou Road, Guangdong Road, Jiangxi Province for six years (13 19). In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), it belonged to Shaozhou Prefecture, and the county seat moved to Zhoutoujin (now Yingfeng Middle Road in Rucheng Town). From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was still a county under the jurisdiction of Shaozhou.

(2) the geographical location of the milk source.

Ruyuan County is a mountainous area with mountainous northwest and slightly lower southeast. Northwest and north-central areas belong to high mountains. Bainiuping in Da Qiao Town is a limestone alpine region in the county, with an altitude of more than 700 meters. But geographically speaking, the north-south traffic is a relatively straight route through Ruyuan. Therefore, the present Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway makes full use of the advantage of being relatively straight through the milk source. In addition, Ruyuan has fertile land and pleasant climate. According to archaeological findings, as early as 4000 years ago in the late Neolithic period, there were ancestors who lived and flourished in China.

(3) The Xijing Ancient Road has a long history of two thousand years.

Xijing ancient road, the original route from Yingde via Ruyuan County to Yizhang, Hunan Province, the whole journey is more than 500 miles. Ruyuan County reaches Yizhang, Hunan Province in the north, and passes through Longxi (now Nanshui Reservoir), Junfeng (now Da Qiao Town), Bainiuping (now Da Qiao Town), Shuishuiyan (now Yunyan Town, Lechang City), Meihua (now Meihua Town, Lechang City) and Wuyang Temple (now Laopingshi, Lechang City) with a total length of 6,500. According to historical records such as Records of Ruyuan County in Kangxi of Qing Dynasty and Records of Shaozhou Prefecture in Qing Dynasty, this ancient road in Ruyuan County's history is an important road that was opened earlier in Ruyuan County and has been connecting the north and the south. The highway leaves the south gate of the county seat, crosses Laling on Dafu Bridge, turns north after reaching Xiaomei Pass, passes through the mountains in the northwest of the county seat, reaches Yizhang in Hunan, and goes north to Xijing Chang 'an. According to historical records such as the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Bamboo Slips of Tongzhi, in the sixth year of the Western Han Dynasty (135 BC), Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, after pacifying South Vietnam, listed longan, litchi and other fine fruits in Lingnan, Guangdong Province as tributes, and regularly asked all parts of Lingnan to pay tribute to the court every year. In the second year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (26 years), Taiguan Sa of Guiyang dug a road from Zhenyuan (now Yingde Town) to Yizhang, Hunan, and then to Kyoto. Since then, postharvest horses such as longan, litchi and fresh food have been coming to the court. Because the road is long, rugged and steep, and there are evil insects and beasts on the road frequently, many horses are either sick from fatigue or killed by poisonous insects and beasts. In the 15th year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (103), Linwu County ordered the imperial court to exempt Longan and Litchi from Lingnan, stating that "if these two objects ascend to the temple, they may not prolong their life". The imperial court allowed to stop paying tribute to longan, litchi and Lingnan fruits.

After the excavation of Xijing Ancient Road, it was rebuilt many times in the past dynasties. Some reconstruction facts can be seen in relevant historical materials. Among them, the Qing Dynasty Ruyuan County Records recorded that it was rebuilt in the Tang Dynasty. In the 12th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1533), Liu Jun and others paved the road with stones, and in the 31st year of Wanli (1605), Wu Bangjun, the magistrate of a county, was repaired from Ruyuan County to Yizhang, Hunan Province. In the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1662), Tiyunling was built in Qiu, a magistrate of a county, which lasted for forty-six years (178 1), and local villagers rebuilt Tiyunling section. The road surface is paved with stones, or carved with stones, with a width of three or four meters.

The Xijing ancient road is steep, "the mountains overlap, if you climb up the stairs." Laling, in the southwest of the county seat, is more than 400 meters high, "the wall is towering" and "it is in danger". At the top of the mountain, there is a tunnel to clear the way, and a stone pavilion (now destroyed) is built, which was called "air door pass" in ancient times. The ancients had a "stone ridge leaning on Qingyun, with a sinus in the middle." The ancients in TiYunling called it "Wan Ren Yunti Mountain" and "Ruyi Jane District". There is also a description of "heaven goes to earth, climbing stairs like ladders". Monkey's spine, commonly known locally as monkey's forehead, is monkey's forehead. The monkey's forehead is steeper and the hillside is steeper. There is a monument that says, "Northwest is the widest and most dangerous place. Starting from the county seat, pass the air door for 50 miles, climb the ladder mountain, and then walk for 40 miles, and you will arrive at Tongji Bridge Village. Its observation wall is straight and rugged, which is the most difficult for pedestrians. But monkey ridge is also popular, and walkers often suffer from its dangers and rigor. "The Xijing Ancient Road has a different climate within dozens of miles due to the disparity in topography and temperature in Ruyuan County. Especially the temperature difference in winter, Bainiuping above Houziling and Longnan below Tiyunling are two worlds. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Qiu, a magistrate of a county, wrote in the preface to "New County Records": "There is a strange peak on the ridge of Bainiuping, which is deep in the source, and the other two pass through it, which is suitable for heavy snow and the ice is several feet deep. Walking down the stairs, there is no rain and snow. If you don't see a hole in the sky. "Although the Xijing Ancient Road is dangerous, it has been rebuilt since the excavation. Today, there are still relatively complete sections built in the Qing Dynasty, including about 3 kilometers of Tiyun Ridge section and about 2.5 kilometers of stone pavement Houziling section.