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What was the reconstruction history of Zhengyangmen in Beijing in Ming Dynasty?
At this point, Zhengyangmen, as the main entrance of Kyoto, is worthy of the name. In its name, "Zheng" means the main entrance of the capital, and "Yang" means the number of days representing the emperor. Because "the sun is the religion of many yang", it was thought in ancient times that the statue of the monarch was named "Zhengyangmen" because it was the "national gate" and was on the central axis of Beijing, facing Miyagi.
1553, Zhu Houzong, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, built an outer city by imperial decree in order to resist the frequent raids on the capital by the Mongolian Andan Khan, protect the people in Zhengyang, Chongwen and Xuanwu.
During the Ming Dynasty, after nearly 200 years of reconstruction and construction by generations of Hongwu, Yongle, Orthodox and Jiajing, Beijing's cities were regular, spectacular and complete, and finally formed a pattern of "nine inner cities, seven outer cities and four imperial cities": nine inner cities, seven outer cities, four imperial cities and twenty imperial cities.
Zhengyangmen, with its advantage of being located in the house, as well as its position as a gateway to the country, which worships tall buildings, overlooks eight tables and looks spectacular, has always dominated the capital. At that time, Zhengyangmen not only built the Golden Pagoda, the Arrow Tower and the East and West Gates, but also dredged the moat and built stone bridges and archways, forming a pattern of "four gates, three bridges and five archways".
Zhengyangmen has a two-story brick tower, covering an area of more than 3,000 square meters. The bottom of the podium is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, with obvious points. It is 95m wide, about 3 1 m thick and about14m high. There are 1.2-meter-high walls on the north and south edges of the city. There is a coupon arch in the center of the city hall, and five coupons are five volts. The inner coupon is more than 9 meters high and 7 meters wide, and the outer coupon is more than 6 meters high and 6 meters wide. There is a 1000-pound brake on the door.
Zhengyangmen Gate Tower is a three-story structure, with gray tiles and green glass edges and double eaves hills. The roof of the building is decorated with a faucet and a kiss from a wild animal. There are three pillars on each side: eaves column, old eaves column and gold column, vermilion beam column and golden flower painting. There are doors on the upper and lower floors of the tower on all sides.
At both ends of the tower, there are ramps connecting up and down along the inner side of the city wall. Seven rooms are 4 1 m wide and three rooms are 2 1 m deep. Hanging wooden door plaque above the double eaves outside the tower.
The tower is more than 36m wide,16m deep and 27m high. There are cloisters up and down. The upper floor is equipped with rhombic lattice partition doors and windows, the lower floor is vermilion brick wall, and there is a solid bed door on both sides of the open room. The total height of the tower is 42 meters, which is the tallest of all the gates in ancient Beijing and the tallest building in the whole city of ancient Beijing.
Zhengyangmen archway, located in the south of Zhengyangmen Gate Tower, is a representative building that can best reflect China's ancient military defense thought and technical level. It is a brick fortress building, which stands on a brick platform and covers an area of 2 1.47 square meters. The city platform is about 12 meters high, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and there are also obvious points.
The doorway is a five-volt, five-coupon arch with a "Golden Gate" inside, with a width of 10 m on the south side and 12 m on the north side. The middle gate opens in the center of the city platform, facing the gate. It is the only gate in the 9 gates of the inner city that opens the gate of the Arrow Tower, which is dedicated to the passage of dragons, cars and phoenixes. The emperor went to the Temple of Heaven to "worship heaven" or to the Xiannong altar to "practice", and the "imperial driving" came in and out from here. Usually, the gate of Zhengyangmen Arched Tower and the gate below the East Gate are closed, and people enter and leave through the east and west gates of Wengcheng.
The Arrow Tower has four floors up and down, and the roof is edged with gray tube and green glass, with double eaves and a mountain-resting style, decorated with green glass ridged animals. There are arrow windows in the south, east and west for external defense shooting. There are four floors in the south with 13 holes in each floor, four floors in the east with four holes in each floor, and two holes in Baogongguan with 86 holes in each floor.
The structure of the Arrow Tower is the front building and the back building, with seven rooms wide, 62m wide and 20m deep. Five rooms in the north, 42m wide and12m deep. The door is double, with the ancient hanging door "forward door" in front and the iron leaf door behind.
The entire arch tower is over 35 meters high. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhengyangmen archway was the highest and most magnificent archway of Beijing city wall. Because of its unique form, it has always been regarded as a symbol of old Beijing.
There is a huge urn between the watchtower and the tower. Wengcheng was set up to strengthen the protection of the city gate, thus eliminating the dead corner of the city defense and making it more difficult for the enemy to attack.
In history, the inner city of Beijing has been attacked many times, such as the siege of the late Jin army, the Mongolian Andan Khan and the tribe, and the attack of Eight-Nation Alliance in the Qing Dynasty. Due to the thick city of Zhengyangmen, it was not forcibly breached in other siege wars except the battle of Eight-Nation Alliance.
The urn is rectangular, with a length of 108m from north to south and a width of 88m from east to west. The inner corners of the northeast and northwest are right angles, and the outer corners of the southeast and southwest are smeared. The urn connects the city wall, the watchtower, the watchtower and the two watchtowers. The city wall of Wengcheng is the same height as the city wall, about 1 1 m high, slightly narrow, and it is a big city brick with an earth wall and an outer wall. There are wall bricks on the pier top, a fence on the outside, a parapet on the inside and an open space inside.
There are three lock towers on the east and west sides of Wengcheng, which are inlaid with gray pipe tiles, green glazed tiles, sloping hills and small roofs, and two rows of *** 12 holes in the outer arrow window. The wicket was opened downstairs for people to pass, and there was also a thousand-pound brake inside the gate. The southern end is curved and angular, and the arrow tower is at the top. The urn has an arched doorway in four directions, with hanging doors in the east, west and south.
The north gate is under the majestic watchtower, the south gate is under the tall watchtower, and the east and west gates are under the gate in the middle of Weng City. Usually, the watchtower and the gate below the east gate are closed, and people have to bypass the ticket gate below the west gate.
In the Ming Dynasty, there was a stone bridge on the moat outside the 9 gates in the inner city of Beijing, but there were only three bridges juxtaposed outside the Zhengyang Gate, which was called Zhengyang Bridge. Outside Zhengyang Bridge is a five-arch building with painted wooden structure. Water-saving stone beasts on the swallow-tailed stone embankment on the east side of Zhengyang Bridge. The stone beast is located on the stone foundation, with its head in the river, covered with scales, thick limbs, vivid modeling and fine carving.
In ancient China, the facilities of city gates were very complicated. As the city defense facilities, in addition to the towers, watchtowers, crocks, moats and stone bridges mentioned above, there are also crevasses, roads and shops, and Zhengyangmen is no exception.
Cracks and parapets are low walls built along the top and inside of city walls. The breach is located on the outside of the top of the city wall. It is built into a tooth as a shield to protect the defenders from the enemy. The parapet, also known as the retaining wall, is a low parapet built on the inside of the top of the city wall to stop the defenders from falling.
The height, width and thickness of the inner city of ancient Beijing were 1.9m, 1.5 m and 0.75 m respectively, and the distance between them was between 0.5m and 0.8m.: The outer wall battlements are 1.3 m high, 1.2 m wide, 0.5 m thick and about 0.5 m apart, and there are more than 20,700 inner and outer battlements. Pheasants are all made of white mortar bricks. Flat top, four sides and four corners, very strong.
The parapet is about1.2m high and 0.75m thick. It is made of white mortar and big brick along the city wall, and the top is usually made of steamed bread or loach back. Zhengyang Gate, like the other eight gates in the inner city, has the same rules as the city wall, with ridges on the outside of the platform and female walls on the inside.
The ramp is a special ramp for garrison troops to go up and down the city. Attached to the inner side of the city wall, the slope is about 15 to 30 degrees. The ramp is about four or five meters wide. A low wall was built on the outside of the ramp. Each pair of ramps is in the shape of an inner map or an outer map, and the top of the city can be reached from the left and right ramps.
There are two horse paths in Zhengyangmen, both of which are built in the urn and close to the inner side of the city wall, leading to the watchtower and the arrow tower respectively. The bunk beds are built on the top of the city wall, with three rooms wide and one deep. It is the duty room for garrison soldiers to rest or pile up weapons and other things. It was called "bunk beds" in Ming Dynasty and "stacking rooms" in Qing Dynasty.
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